r.fRKE, EDMUKD. 



BURLINGTON, EARL OF. 



cut it 11 ' Two Letters addressed to Member of the present Parliament 

 on the Proposal* fur PCM* with the Regicide Directory of France.' 

 This manuscript bo now n-fiued to deliver up ; and bad the im- 

 pudence to publuh it in dffianoe of tbe author, with aii AdvcrtiiaiMnt 

 in vindication of bu conduct. Meanwhile the work bad been trans- 

 fern J by tbe author to Messrs. Kiviugton, of St. Paul's Churchyard, 

 and wa* brought out by them in a correct form. In tbe concluding 

 paragraph of the genuine edition, Burke speaks of the two Letter*, at 

 well a* part of another which wan to follow, ai baring been written 

 long before. The second of theee two Letters, in particular, U very 

 remarkablo for the obaerrationa it contains on tbe manner in which 

 the war bad till then been, and long afterwards continued to be, con- 

 ducted ; and for tbe confident tone in which it is announced that no 

 success could be hoped for until that pUu should be changed. Tbe 

 allies, it is observed, bad adopted " a plan of war, against the success 

 of which there was something little abort of mathematical demonstra- 

 tion. They refused to take any step which might strike at the heart 

 of affairs. They seemed unwilling to wound the enemy in any vital 

 part. . . . They always kept on tbe circumference ; and tbe wider 

 sod remoter tbe circle was, tbe more eagerly they chose it as their 

 sphere of action in this centrifugal war." A third of the ' Letters on a 

 Regicide Peace ' was on its way through the press when Mr. Burke died. 

 A fourth, addressed to Lord Fitzwilliam, which had been written before 

 the three others, but never finished, was published after his death. 



Early in 1797, Owen, tbe publisher, announced ' A Letter from the 

 Right Honourable Edmund Burke to his Grace the Duke of Portland, 

 on tbe Conduct of the Minority in Parliament; containing Filly-four 

 Article* of Impeachment against the Right Honourable C. J. Fox ; 

 from the Original Copy in the possession of tbe Noble Duke.' The 

 publication immediately appeared, professing to be "printed for the 

 Editor," and sold by Owen. There is no introductory notice, and the 

 whole makes a pamphlet of 94 pages. This paper had iu fact been 

 sent to the press by Swift, a person whom Burke had taken into his 

 service from motives of charity, and had confidentiklly employed to 

 transcribe the only fair copy he ever had taken of it It had been 

 prepared in the early port of tbe year 1703, and communicated only 

 to the Duke of Portland and to Earl Fitzwilliaui, before they had 

 seceded from tbe Whig Club. In a Letter, dated September 29th, 

 1793, which was sent along with it to the former, the writer says, " I 

 now make it my humble request to your Grace tnat you will not give 

 any sort of answer to the paper I send, or to this letter, except barely 

 to let me know that you have received them. I even wish that at 

 present you may not read the paper which I transmit ; lock it up in 

 tbe drawer of your library table ; and when a day of compulsory 

 reflection comes, then be pleased to turn to it" Swift however had 

 surreptitiously taken a copy for his own use. As soon as the publication 

 appeared an injunction was obtained to stop ita sale ; but it was not- 

 withstanding reprinted immediately both in Scotland and Ireland, and 

 about 3000 copies of it are supposed to have thus got into circulation. 

 Burke was at tbe time at Rath, and was considered to be on his death- 

 bed. The appearance of the paper, especially under such a title, 

 annoyed him greatly, though he expressly guarded himself in com- 

 municating with hii friendi from retracting "any one of the sentiments 

 contained in that memorial, which was, and is," he told Dr. Lawrence 

 "my justification, addressed to the friends for whose use alone I 

 intended it." 



In the end of May Mr. Bnrke quitted Bath for his bouse at Beacons- 

 field, where he died on the 9th of July 1797. A correct edition of the 

 paper which Owen had printed was now published by his executor*, 

 under the title of ' Two Letters on the Conduct of Our Domestic 

 Parties with regard to French Politics, including Observations on the 

 Conduct of the Minority in tbe Session of 1793.' The Letters were 

 introduced by the important Preface to which we have BO frequently 

 referred. The ' Observations ' are what had previously been published 

 under the title of the ' Fifty-four Articles of Impeachment,' Ac. The 

 other paper is a ' Letter to William Elliott, Esq.. occasioned by an 

 account given in a Newspaper of the Speech made in the House of 

 Lords by the Duku of Norfolk, in the Debate concerning Lord Kit/.- 

 William in 1795.' The concluding portion of the Letter, which rises 

 above personalities, is in a very high strain of eloquence. 



We have mentioned in the course of this rapid sketch all the most 

 Important of Mr. Burkc'i writing*. A collected edition of his works 

 in 4 to was begun in 1792, and three volumes had been published before 

 hi* death. Five more have been added, under the superintendence of 

 his principal executor, the bite Dr. \V.-<H. r King, bishop of Rochester. 

 The last appeared in 1827. A ninth volume was to contain the Life 

 of the Author, by Dr. King ; but whether or not the Life in question 

 was ever written we are not aware. Three or four editions of his 

 works have been published within the last few years. An 8vo volume 

 of Letters between Burke and bis friend and executor Dr. Lawrence 

 was published in 1827. A collected edition of his 'Works and 

 Correspondence ' was published in 1852, in 8 vola, 8vo. 'A Memoir 

 of tbe Political Life of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke,' by tbe Rev. 

 George Croly, LL.D., appeared in 2 vola. 8vo. in 1840; and two or 

 three other memoirs have been published. Burke's speeches in the 

 Rouse of Common*, and in Wentminster Hall, were published in 4 vola. 

 flro, in 1810. There is a Life of Burke* by Mr. Macormick, which 

 w have not seen, but which we suppose to be tbe work described by 



Mr. Prior as "a quarto volume of slander, dictated by the moat 

 envenomed party spirit, aud probably meant at the momcut to answer 

 itome party purpose." Another, in two volumes Svo, was published a 

 i-h.ii t time after Burke'a death, by Dr. Robert BUeet, tin- uui 

 a ' History of the Reign of Qeorga III.' The most complete ' Life of 

 Burke' however is that by James Prior, Esq., the fifth edition of 

 which appeared in 1854. 



BURLAMAC'CHI, FRANCESCO, a citizen of the republic of 

 Lucca, about the year 1646 attempted a revolution in Tuscany against 

 the Qraud Duke Cosmo I., for the purpose of re-eatablUhing the 

 republican government Like several of bin countrymen, and other 

 Italians of Siena, Ferrara, and other towns, Burlamacchi was secretly 

 milm. d towards the Protestant doctrines, which appeared favourable 

 to political liberty, as their antagonist, the papal power, supported 

 the absolutism of Charles V. Burlamacchi held correspondence with 

 the Protest auU of Germany, who were then in arm* agatust i la- 

 emperor ; and his plan seems to have been that of a general insur- 

 rection against the papal and tbe imperial powers throughout Italy. 

 With this view he had secret intelligence with the di 

 Bologna, Perugia, and other towns of the Papal state, as well an with 

 the Strozzi, and other Florentine refugees. I '.cine rl.-ctcd gonfnl. 

 or chief magistrate, of the republic of Lucca, he had at big disposal 

 nearly 2000 militia of the mountaineers of the Apennines, the captain* 

 of which were devoted to him. With this force be intended to 

 Burprue Pisa, aud thus give the signal for insurrection. Tl. 

 was nearly ripe, when tbe indiscretion of one of the conspirators 

 revealed the whole to Cosmo. The magistrates of Lucca, beiug 

 informed of it, arrested Burlamacchi and put him to the t< 

 he confessed the plot; but they refused to deliver him up to Cosmo. 

 Ferraute Gonzago, the imperial lieutenant at Milan, soon alter 

 demanding the prisoner, the magistrates were obliged to scud him to 

 Milan, where he was again examined under the torture, and afterwards 

 executed for high treason. (Botta, -Storm if Italia, continuata da yuclhi 

 del (iuiccianlini.) 



BURLAMAyUI, JEAN JACQUES, was born at Genera, July l>4 

 1694, of a family originally from Lucca, named Rurlainaecbi, the 

 termination of the name having beeu altered according to the 1 

 orthography. Burlamaqui became professor of law in the acaoV 

 university of Geneva; and he was for a time tutor to the I'rinw 

 Frederick of Hesse Cassel, with whom he resided some years in 

 Germany. On his return to Geneva, he was made Councillor <>f 

 State. He is chiefly known by his work*, 'Principes du droit 

 Naturel,' Geneva, 4to, 1747 ; and ' Principes du Droit Politiquo,' 

 which was published at Genera three years after his death. The 

 two formed separate sections of a single work, aud they have since 

 been published together several times as one work. It obtained con- 

 siderable reputation, and was adapted for tha use of schools. The 

 work is written in a clear style, aud is well arranged, tbe author 

 having condensed what was moat essential and valuable in the work* 

 of his predecessors, Grotius, Puffeudorf, and Barbeyrac. Burlam.iqui 

 died at Geneva, April 3, 1748. 



BUULEIUH, LORD. [Cuciu] 



BURLINGTON, EARL OF, RICHARD BOYLE, third Earl of 

 Burlington and fourth Earl of Cork, was born on the 25th of .\pril 

 1G95. He travelled much in Italy, where he acquired a strong love 

 for architecture, which he afterwards practised as well as stinlii <i. 

 In 1721 be married the Lady Dorothy Savile, eldest of the two 

 daughters and co-heiresses of William Savile, marquis of Halifax. 

 Charlotte, the youngest of three daughters by this lady, married tha 

 Duke of Devonshire. The life of the Earl of Burliiiutou presents very 

 few incidents. In 1730 he was installed Knight of the Garter, and in 

 the following year he was appointed Captain of tbe band of Gent 

 Pensioners, a post which he resigned in 1733. The title of Burlington 

 becamo extinct at hie death in 1763, but has since been revived. 



Among bis architectural works, ho repaired Inigo Jones's church of 

 St. Paul, Covent Garden, and erected at ChUwick a gateway by the 

 same architect, which once stood at Beaufort-garden, in Chelsea. 1 1 . 

 knowledge of his favourite art was always at the command of others. 

 He assisted Kent (whom he also maintained in bis house) in pub- 

 lishing Inigo Jones's designs for Whitehall, and at his own expense he 

 printed an edition of ' Fabriche Antiche designate da Andrea P;ii 

 1730,' a work on ancient baths, from the drawings of that great 

 architect. A country house, built by Palladia, near Vicenza, called 

 the Villa Capru or Rotonda, furnished the idea of a house at Chiswick, 

 which has since received largo additions; in its original state it gave 

 rise to tbe well-known sarcasm, " that it was too little to live in, and too 

 big to hang to a watch chain." Among his other works are some on 

 his own estate at Lanesborough, in.Yoi khhirc ; the front of Burlington 

 House in Piccadilly, and the colonnade within its court; ti 

 at Westminster School ; a house ut Petersham for l.oid Han. 

 which afterwards belonged to Lord ( ',iry - fort ; the I'uko oi 

 mond's house in \\liitvhull, nn.l another for General Wade, in 

 street The bouse of Genei al Wade was admired for its hn> 

 elevation, but was so ill distributed, that Lord Chesterfield said, 

 " Since the General could not live in it at bis earn, be had better take 

 a house over against it, and look nt it." The Assembly-room at York 

 is however esteemed to be the earl's best work. Lord Burlington wu 

 undoubtedly a very respectable amateur architect, but the encomiums 



