. 



BUSBY, RICHARD. 



BUSSY D-AMBOISE, LOUIS DE. 



tht they nuke their own will*, forsooth, the tola rule of all reason, 

 right or wrong." But Busbequiui showed admirable Uct and temper, 

 and at the end of his long mission concluded an advantageous treaty 

 withSolyman. 



In 1J62 he returned to Vienna, and was loon after appointed 

 governor and tutor to the sons of Maximilian, then king of the Romans. 

 Though attached to the pleasures of prirato life and literary oaie, he 

 became more and more involved with court* and prince*. When Maxi- 

 milian's daughter, the Prince** Elisabeth, was married to Charle* IX. 

 kiug of France, he wa* commissioned bj the court to accompany her 

 to Paris, The young queen appointed him inteudaut of her household 

 and of all her affairs, and when, on the premature death of her husband, 

 abe quitted France, ahe left Busbequius at Paris at her agent and 

 representative. The Emperor Rodolph on ascending the throne of the 

 Ocean, appointed Busbequius hU ambassador to the French court, 

 where he remained until 1592. Having then obtained permission to 

 Tjait Flanders, hi* native country, in order to put his estates and 

 private affairs in order, be left the French court and took his way 

 through Normandy. Unfortunately it was a time of trouble and civil 

 war. The faction of the League were in arms against the government, 

 and occupied or over-ran a good portion of the kingdom. Buibequius 

 had very properly furnished himself with passports from both parties, 

 from the Leaguers as well as from the court, but his passes did not 

 save him from being robbed and ill-treated by a party of Leaguers at 

 Cailli, a village in Normandy, about three leagues from Rouen. On 

 representing to them the inviolable and sacred rights attached to bis 

 character as ambassador, the brigands set him at liberty, and even 

 restored the bulk of his baggage. But Busbequius, now aii old man, 

 had received a shock from which he did not recover. Instead of 

 continuing his journey into Flanders, he ordered his attendants to 

 convey him to the house of Madame de Maillot, at Saint Qennain, close 

 to Rouen, where he died in a few days, on tho 28th of October, 1592. 

 Philip Camerarius, Joseph Soaliger, and other writers, assert that he 

 was murdered by the robbers, but the well-authenticated fact* regarding 

 his death are what we have stated. 



The body of Busbequius was honourably interred in tho church of 

 the place where ho died, and hU heart was carried to Flanders to be 

 placed in the tomb of his ancestors. 



A* a literary character and a man of refined taste, this distinguished 

 diplomatist occupies a very honourable place. The letters in which 

 he describes his two journeys into Turkey, his residence at the court 

 of Solytuan, &c., which are in Latin, and were published under tli<> 

 title of 'Augerii Oislenii Busbequii Lrgationis Turcirao ICpistolio 

 (juatuor,' are admirably written, and abound in information which 

 will always be interesting, and which was of great political utility 

 at the time he wrote, when the cabinets of Europe knew not what to 

 make of the Ottoman Porte. He thoroughly understood tho state of 

 the Ottoman empire, which was then the terror of Europe, and he 

 laid down a judicious system for resisting and attacking it, in a 

 treatise entitled, ' De Re Militari contra Turcain institueuda con- 

 siliuui.' The orations which he delivered in France to the different 

 French kings have been very much praised, but we cannot speak of 

 these of our own knowledge. Besides contributing to various scientific 

 and literary work*, Busbequius was the author of some interesting 

 letters on the state of France under the reign of Henri III., and on 

 the expedition of the Duke d'Alencon to the Low Countries. These 

 letters, addressed to the Emperor Rodolph, were first published 

 in 1632. 



Notwithstanding the constant labours of correspondence and 

 diplomacy, he found time, while in Turkey, to collect inscriptions, 

 ooiim, manuscripts, rare plants, and other specimens of natural 

 history. On his second embassy he engaged and* took with him an 

 artist to make drawings of curious botanical and zoological specimens 

 at that time little known in the west of Europe. The fruits of his 

 Uste, judgment, and liberality frequently appear in the works of 

 Grute.ru*, Mathioli, and other contemporary writers. 



Busbequius spoke seven languages Latin, Italian, French, Spanish, 

 German, Flemish, and Slavonian in perfection. He always wrote in 

 Latin; and the Latinity of his Turkish travels has been much 

 admired by scholars. This book, which has appeared in all the 

 modern languages of civilised Europe, was translated into English, 

 and went through several editions in the course of the last century. 

 A very good edition, with index, was published at Glasgow by Hobcrt 

 l.'rie in 1761. The title is 'Travels into Turkey. Translated from 

 the original Latin of the learned A. O. liusbequiu*.' 



(Buabequiu*> works, as named above ; Bayle, Itittunmaire Ilutoriqw 

 tt Oritigtu ; Uuicdardini, Italian Hut) 



BUSl'.Y. UK HARD, second son of Richard Busby, of tho city of 

 Westminster, wa* born at Lutton in Northamptonshire, September 22, 

 1608. Having passed through Westminster School ho was elected 

 student of Christchuroh, Oxford. So low were his finances that his 

 fees for the degrees of bachelor and master of art* were defrayed by 

 donation from the parish of St. Margaret, Westminster, 52. having 

 been given him for the former, and 6/. 13. 4d. for the latter. This 

 favour he gratefully acknowledged in his will by leaving SO/, to the 

 pour housekeepers in that pariah, having already bequeathed to the 

 pariih fur charitable purposes an estate of 52M. per annum, and 

 very nearly (0002. in personal property. In 1639 he was admitted to 



the prebend and rectory of Cudworth in the church of Wells, and on 

 the 13th of December in the following year he was appointed head 

 master of Westminster School, in which occupation he laboured 

 during more than half a century, and by his diligence, learning, and 

 assiduity has become the proverbial representative of his class. In 

 July 1660, he was installed as prebendary of Westminster, and in tho 

 following August he became cauou reajdentlary and treasurer of Wells. 

 At the coronation of Charles II. in 1661 he had the honour of carrying 

 the ampulla. His benefactions were numerous and most liberal. !! 

 died April 6th 1695, full of yean and reputation, and was buried in 

 Westminster Abbey. Hii works were principally for the use of hU 

 school, and consist for the mot part either of expurgated editions of 

 certain classics which ho wished his boys to read in a harmless form, 

 or grammatical treatises, chiefly in a metrical form. The severity of 

 his discipline in traditional, but it does not appear to rest upon any 

 sound authority; and strange as it may appear, no records are 

 preserved of him in the school over which he so long presided. 



BOSCHING, ANTON FKIEDRICH, was born at Stadthagen, in 

 Westphalia, September 27, 1724. Ho studied at Halle, and afterwards 

 went to St Petersburg as tutor to the children of Count Lynar, tho 

 Danish ambassador to the court of Russia, He was early struck with 

 the want of good geographical works in his time, and he applied himself 

 to supply the deficiency. Having gone to Copenhagen, he pu! 

 in 1752 a description of tho duchies of Holstein and Slrswick, which 

 was much approved of. In 1754 he was appointed professor of philo- 

 sophy at Gottingen, and would have obtained the chair of theology in 

 that university but for a treatise in which he expressed opinions which 

 were considered aa swerving from Lutheran orthodoxy. About 1700 

 he was elected pastor of the German Protestant church at St Petersburg, 

 where he remained four yean, and founded a lyceum, which soon 

 became one of tho best institutions for education in the Russian c 

 In 1766 he was appointed director of the gymnasium of Graueu Klostcr 

 at Berlin. He composed for that institution a number of elementary 

 works, which became very popular in North Germany. Bu 

 however is more generally known for his ' Neue Erdbescreibuug,' or 

 ' Universal Geography,' the first part of which appeared in 1754. In 

 1759 he had completed the description of Europe in eight volumes, 

 which became a standard work. He was one of tho first modern 

 writers who introduced in a work of descriptive geography statistical 

 information on the wealth, industry, commerce, and institutions of thu 

 various countries. His statements were made after careful inquiry, 

 and were generally accurate. Uiisching's description of Europe was 

 translated into English, 'A New System of Geography,' 6 vols. 4 to, 

 London, 1702. His account of the northern countries, Denmark, 

 Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Germany, is the most full and 

 elaborate part of the work. Germany in particular is treated wry 

 minutely, and occupies about one-half of the whole. It was translated 

 into French under the title 'Atlas Historique et Gcographique de 

 1' Km; >iru d'Allemague,' 4 vols. 4 to. Buschiug's whole woi.. 

 through eight editions in his lifetime, and was translated into the 

 principal European languages. In 1763 he published the first volume 

 of ' Asia,' which treated of Asiatic Turkey and Arabia, but went no 

 further with it. He published also ' Magazin fur die neue Historic 

 und Geographic,' 23 th. 4to, Hamburg and Halle, 1767-93 ; ' Nachrichten 

 von dem Zustonde der Wissenschaften und Ktinste in dem Diinischen 

 Reiohen und Laudern,' 3 vols. Svo, Copenhagen, 1754-65; besides 

 numerous other works of geography, biography, education, and likewise 

 on religious subjects. His 'History of the Lutheran Churches in 

 Russia, Poland, and Lithuania,' hag been mentioned with praise. Of 

 his biographies, that of the groat Frederic has been translated into 

 French by D'Arnex, Caractcre de Frederic II.,' Svo, Berne, 

 Hunching was a most indefatigable writer, honest and independent ; 

 and he laboured earnestly for the advancement of educati<> 

 general information. The Prussian government afforded him . 

 ragement and support ; and in his latter years hia correspondence, 

 which was very extensive, was made free of postage charges. He died 

 at Berlin May 28, 1793. 



His sou, JKA GUSTAVUS TiiKornaus BPsciiiNG, born at Berlin in 

 1783, was a diligent and useful writer chiefly on the literature and arts 

 of Germany in the middle ages. He was for some time keeper of the 

 records at Breslau, and in 1823 he was appointed professor of 

 orchicoWy in that city. He died in May, 1829. 



BUSSY D'AMBOISE, LOUIS DE CLERMONT DE, one of tho 

 favourites of the Due d'Anjou, brother of Henri III., king of France. 

 Little is known of this minion but the history of hu desperate 

 bravery and his crimes. During the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 

 having joined the assassins, be murdered with his own hand his 

 , Antoine de Clermont, with whom ho had a law-suit for the 

 marquisate of Rcnel ; but the edict which soon afterwards passed in 

 favour of thu Huguenots deprived him of any profit from this bloody 

 deed. He. afterwards commanded at Augers, where his exactions 

 rendered him most unpopular; and having long interrupted the 

 tranquillity of Paris by private brawls and combat*, in which ho set at 

 nought tho terrors of tho Bastile and the authority of the king, he 

 became so odious to Henri III. by frequent acts of presumption, that 

 he gave information to Charles do Chambea, count of Montaorenu, of 

 an intrigue which Busay carried on with his wife. Jl outsorcau com- 

 pelled the wretched adulteress to write a letter with her own hand, 



