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C.B8AR, CAHJ8 JULIUS. 



1 



4 by Caw*. Ariori*tu* arrested 

 war s friend and confidential 



to cUssX which UgraphM 



a*d r* chau. Vtwut. 



to*.iiB>r. and MMSJM, who ted COM * * OVMB camp to renew 

 Ik* V*iiisi. CMBW nfeBBfiil for battle, but Artoviata* remained 

 to kit eap for ewml djx bicaoes. M CsMar WM informed by UM 

 i T. the Tinman PMtroni had declared that their countrymen 

 b* IBM** tf UM* fonght Wor the new MM*. Accordingly 

 Xermsned to make UM attack, TbeOermani 

 far betUe to phl*niea by order of nations, the 

 UM TriboeoL UM Vangionea. UM Kims! n. UM 

 ; and tbev placed their waggon*, baggage, nd 

 ia ft iBMlnircili behind them so as to prevent eeoape. The 

 fin*, both armlet rushed to UM encounter with tuefa 

 ** had not time to throw their javelin*, and tt 

 to their eworda. Cawr. perceiving that UM l.ft of the 

 UM ***< onrnmanoad U>. attack on that point; many 

 WhsoldMr*w*.t up. and, greening UM anemia* 1 ahiefds. tried to 

 T1-1-*- UWB away. M.auUoM UM German right was pressing hard 

 pan UM Roasaat. who were much inferior in number*, whan young 

 MO of Uotoiot). who noMmanded UM cavalry, mored UM 



I or rear Una oboaoely to the support of the left, and thus recovered 

 UM advantage. Tbe German* ga my. Mid fled toward* the Rhine, 

 ml, being pursued by Caver* cavalry. Many 

 tbe river, other*, and Anoristu* among the 

 Ariovbtuss two wive* and one daughter wera 

 daughter was taken. Valerius Prooillu* 

 id, to the great ajiisfaetion of CBJBBT. 



having thus terminated tbe campaign, put his troop* in 

 BMln ^Barters among tbe Seqnani, and himself crossed the Alps to 

 CUtior or Calpu* Oaul. to bold the nsual court* for the adminis- 

 tration of jnatfe* and the civil btuinea* of the province. 



Tbe campaign of nc. 47 wa* against tbe ilelgic QuU. a powerful 

 of Oerman origin, who bad been long Bottled in Uie country 

 sB the BbUe and the Saquana (Seine). Alarmed by the ad ranee 

 of UM Roman* through Celtk Oaul, the Beige) had, during the winter, 

 farmed a confederacy, and prepared Iheniselins for resistance. Cajaar, 

 with tbe aawal logio of eonqaerora, found ia tbece preparation* a prrtezt 

 far attack, lie raMd two DMteUgMiM in CiaalpineQauL and proceeded 

 at tbe brgianing of BHIBBMT to his camp in the Sequani. He then 

 d.uwxd w.th eight lagioaa, and in fifteen dan reached the country 

 of UM Baal. UM fir* Belgio people on that aide. The Kemi made 

 lhair .Un IMOO. and gave him erery informaUon concerning the extent 

 and UM etrengUi of UM confederacy, which amounted, they aud, to 

 M0,000 ftgbting man. After crowing the rirer Azona ( AUne), Cnsear 

 tzed hi* camp on UM right or fartbeet bank, and fortified it with a 

 rampart 12 / ei high and a ditch 18 feet deep. Tbe Belgian* made 

 ami dioinejelratioeji againet him, but Caiiar kept quiet in hi* entrench- 

 aaeala, aad the Mgai broke np for want of proriaion*, and rewired to 

 gbt eaeb to hi* own tHtitory. After rabjecting the Sneeuone*, the 

 IWioTTO, and the Ambiani. 



Ambum., CBMBT marched against the Nervii, the 

 most powerful of UM Belgk nations. A desperate battle was fought 

 on the bank* of the Sabs* (Sambrct), in which the Nerrii actually 

 earprsMd the Roman soldier* while in the act of tracing and entrenching 

 their camp, and before they bad lime to form or to put on their helmets. 

 Cssaar's cavalry, suxillarWa, servants, driven, and followers of the 

 amp all ran away, spreading the report of the defeat of tbe Roman*. 

 Csseir homed from legion to legion, encouraging the men, and finally 

 ncWded to re BstaNianing order. Tbe tenth legion came to turn the 

 BMM. Tbe Kerrii fongbt daaptrately to the last, and their nation and 

 Mm*. **)* CeMar, were nearly extinguished on that day. It was reported 

 UMtoMof M.OOO fighting men only 600 remained. The women and 

 children nod for mercy, and CeMar restored to them their territory 

 Tbe Adnatsoi war* UM deaovndante of a body of Cimbri 



oily 



ai TewtoMB, w|.o bad eelUfd toward* tbe oonfluence of the Sabi* 

 d UM Mom. While on their march to rapport the Nerrii, they 

 beanl of the total defeat of their alliea, upon which they retired to a 

 towef aaural bold, where they Were regularly bariapd by CeMar, 

 who fcrnwd a line of drcnmraUation. When they taw the uorcable 

 lowr and the baUering ram approaching their walla, engine* of wl.ich 

 tbe Gaol* bad no Idea, they eu*d for peace. Cmar required them to 

 Uuvw their ana. ouu>de of their ramiHU^A. They did *o, but oonoealed 

 UUrJ of them ; they then opened their gate* and mixed with the 

 MMB wldtora, Oa UM events* Cmar withdrew hi* men within hi* 

 UMa.*eUataUdn%btUMAdoaUcioameotin arm* and attempted 

 to toale Onxay* eatreachmeoU Betog repuUed with great low, their 

 enured UM next day, and the people were cold a* alare* to 

 er of M.OOO. 



OraaMa, batof detaabed by CeMar aoroa* UM Seqoana into Wattorn 

 Oaal, reeaired tbe raboMaion of the Aulerci. Unelt, and Teneti, and 

 ether MarWnM pooplo on tbe coaeto of UM ooran; and a. the aca. .n 

 wa* growin< Ut*. (be army want into winter quarUr. in the country 

 of UM Carn 



i (abont OrUans). Turone* (Toun), and other part* of 



^J^ufsZulZJZZ?*^^ co ^. for M c " i> i ne 



ioaked from ROOM to congratulate him on his 





OBJMT** third campaign (.c. 



on reoMVing from UM victoriooa general the 

 >red fifteen day* of public thanksgiTing to the 

 "re for any other general. 

 M) WM against the W< 



Cnueu*. while wintering with one 1-cion among the Audea (Anjou), 

 aant tribuue* and other offloen to the Veneti (Vanne* in Brittany) and 

 other people on the Atlantic ooatt to aak for prorUioua. The Veueti, 

 a powerful commercial * firing people, who bad numeruut *hipe in 

 which UMT traded with Britain and other oonntriea, baring reoorered 

 from the alarm of CMar* oooquerta. arreatod the officer* of Crawu*. 

 and rafiued to gir* them up until their own boataga* war* reetored. 

 All the neighbouring maritime tribe* made common oaoae with the 

 Veneti CeMar immediately, ordered galley* to b* oonetructed on the 

 Ugari* (Loire), and aant aim to collect *hip* on the ooaat of the 

 PtetoOM and Santonea (Poitou and Saintonge), who were frieud* with 

 Rome. He directed tbe fleet to attack the Vcneti by aea, while he 

 marched againat them by land. He exclaimed loudly againit tbe 

 breach of treatiea, and tbe arreat of the Roman officer* after the 

 Veneti bad mule tubmiaaion and given boetagea, while he acknow- 

 ledge* in bi* 'Commentarie*' tbat he wa* afraid other nation* would 

 fallow the example, " knowing that it i* the uiture of all men to lore 

 liberty and hate *erritude.'' Thi* wa* a critical time for the Kouian 

 general ; but hi* preeenoe of mind nerer fonook him in difficulties 

 He cent Labirnu* towardi the Rhine to watch the Belgian* and Oar- 

 man*, Craaro* into Aquitania, gare the command of tbe fleet to 

 Decimu* Bruttu, and bimaelf m^^hing againit the Veneti, took 

 ereral of their town* on the ooatt. But be Boon found that by 

 mean* of their ahip* they eerily moved from one point to another, 

 and that the only way to conquer them effectually was by aea. The 

 daaaription of the ahip* of the Veneti, their naval tactic*, their habits 

 and mode* of life, i* one of Caxar'i tuoet interacting aketchen. A great 

 naral battle, which lanted all day, ended with the destruction of the 

 fleet of the Veneti, to the number of above 200 ahipa. Cawar, 

 mining to ntrike terror iuto the neighbouring people, put to death all 

 the wnaton or chief men of the Veneti, and wild the reel a* alarea. 

 Tbe Uuelli (in the neighbourhood of Cherbourg) were likewise con- 

 quered by Tituriu* Subinus; and Craaiu* defeated the Aquitaniana, 

 though with considerable difficulty, and received hoetagea from various 

 tribe* of that remote region. Cmar himself marched againtt tlio 

 Morini and Menapii (Boulogne, Calais, Ac , and further to the north 

 and ea*t), but the rainy waaon tatting in the soldier* could no longejr 

 remain under teats, and accordingly, after ravaging the country, be 

 placed hi* troop* for the winter among the Aulerci, Lexorii, ic. ( Nor- 

 mandy). It would appear by the following book (ir. 6) that he went 

 a* usual to pas* the winter in North Italy. (Compare also r. 53.) 



Tbe following year, ac. 65, Pompeiu* and Crassus being consuls, 

 two Oerman tribe*, tbe Usipete* and the Tern-Uteri, being harraued 

 by the Sueri, crosaed the Kbine near it* mouth into the country of the 

 Meuapii, between the Mosa and the Soaldis (Scheldt). Cnsar gives sn 

 interesting account of the Sueri, the principal Oerman nation with 

 which the liomans were then acquainted. Being resolved to check 

 any diipoeition on the part of the Uermau* to cross the Uhine, he let 

 off for the army earlier than usual. He found, as he suspected, that 

 several Gaulish nations had an understanding with the Oermans. Tlu> 

 Usipetr* sent to aak permiasion to settle in Onul. Cajaar answered 

 that there wa* no vacsnt place in Gaul for fresh omigranta, but that if 

 they chose to settle among tbe Ubii on the bank* of the Uhine, who 

 were themselves at war with the Sueri, he would employ bin good 

 office* for the purpose. While negotiations were going forward, 

 CaMar'* Gaulish caralry, 5000 strong, wa* suddenly attacked near the 

 banks of the Mosa by 800 German horsemen, and, as usual, routed. 

 The next day a number of German chief* and elder* came to Cnaar** 

 camp to apologise for the sffray. Cnaar arreatod them all, and imme- 

 diately marched agaiuit their camp, which being thus surprised and 

 unprepared wa* easily entered, when the Romans made a dreadful 

 carnage of the German*. The survivors fled as far a* tbe confluence 

 of the Moss and the Khine, where most of them perished. This was 

 the action about which Cato exclaimed so loudly againit Cnaar in the 

 Kuiiiau senate. 



The Ubii being annoyed by the Sueri appealed to Ctosar, and offered 

 him boat* to cross tbe Rhine. Declining this offer, he constructed a 

 bridge by mean* of pile* driven in the bed of tho river. He gives a 

 minute description of tbe process of building the bridge (ir. 17). It 

 was finished in ten day*, when Cicsar marched aero**, ravaged the 

 country of the Sicambri, and reassured the Ubii by his presence. 

 Hearing that the Sueri had asiemblod all their force* in the interior 

 of their country, and considering " be had done all that tho honour 

 and interact of Rome required," he re-created the Rhine, after spending 

 eighteen dayi on German ground. 



He next made his fint expedition into Britain. [BRITAKNIA, in 

 GEOUHAUIICAL Uivmox.] On bis return he chastised the Morini, 

 who bad attacked some of his detachment*, put hi* troops into winter 

 quarter* in Belgic Gaul, and then repaired to Cisalpine Gaul, as usual. 

 In thi* year Canar'* period of government was extended for fire yean 

 mure by a Senstus Coiuultum. 



Tbe next year, B.C. 64, Cmar, after making an excursion into Illy- 

 ricum, which formed alao part of his government, returned into Gaul, 

 where he had ordered a fleet to assemble at 1'ortiis Itius (between 

 Boulogne and Calais) for a eecond attempt upon Britain. Meant nu- 

 be vuited the Trariri, the meet powerful nation in cavalry of all Gaul. 

 A dispute bad arisen between Induciomarus and Ciogetorix about the 

 supreme authority : Ctesar, knowing Ciugetorix to be well disposed to 



