CAHKX, SAMUEL. 



CAIU8, DR. JOHN. 



vfwte wise* aatooawtnkal tr*ati*** and papers, mo*Uy in th* mamoin 

 of Ik* luhaa feeiety. which should b* eoMoltod from the befmniac 



tbam. Tb.dtUoTMMMMMlnii'lf 



SooMa Italian*. Mod***,' quarto, 

 MotMortboMtevahial 



Ca*ali's tricowMMtrj it M of iboM uvaluahb work* which bring 

 p UM *ta* of a Miaw eompi*ly to th* time at which it i. written, 

 *< fombb UMW who want UM mean* of application with varied 

 of stbod*. Elementary writer* on th* practical part* of 

 are amoaf UM last to adapt th*ir rule, to UM aetnal 

 - rf trim?-. -11! *- J j-. -*- b well T*r**d in UM theory, 



'!' taM 



r rfens UM arrrlc* which CagnoU did for trfcooometry. 

 e>q*)r* ha* basa, that work* oo that subject have aaium 

 fan*, and UM eosistaat rrferewe* which ha* been mad* to Cagnoli s 

 ttaath* U UM tort of UM finqoaoey with which it baa b*en used. 

 Tb. Ut Prnhsior Woodbowa, who** tr**ti*e on trigonometry hu 

 powerfully contributed to fo*t*r taste for *n*l sii in thin country, 

 MOM. on trailer ml* to bar* taken Cagnoli for hi* model Tb* 

 peak of i* a quarto of 500 paf* (in the FVrnch translation, 

 I edition of which U anjrmanted by the author's oonimuni- 

 V, and treat* T*ry largely of th* application of trigonometry to 



CAH&N. SAMUEL, WM bom on th* 4th of August, 1796, at 

 X*U. UM capital of UM French department of Mowlle. HU parent* 

 I Jew*, and b* wa* destined by them for the rabbinate, or learned 

 At tb* ago of fourteen he wm* tent to Maine, in order to 

 Mi stadia ender th* chief rabbi of that city. A fter punning 



la O*maui aa a private teacher, b* returned to France, 

 ud in 1SJS ix*d bis residence in Paria, where, from 1823 to 1836 he 

 wa* UM conductor of the Jewish conaistorial *chool of that city. In 

 1 S4 k* pabli*h*d at Park a ' Conn d* Lecture Hdbraique, ou Mithodc 

 Facile poor apprendr* senl *t en pra <le Temp* a lire IHlbreu ' (2nd 

 edition, 1S42) ; and in 1886 a 'Manuel d'Histoire Univemlle depuii le 

 t du Monde juaqu'rn 1836.' In 1840 be commenced the 



monthly periodical called ' Archive* Israelite* de France ; ' and in 1842 



C'Udwd at Meti ' Exarcne* fclctnenUire* ur la Laogne Hdbraique ; ' 

 hi* great work i* the translation of the Old Testament into French, 

 La lUble, Trtdnccion Nourelle, area 1'Htfbran en repnrd ' (with the 

 Hebrew oo UM oppoaito page*), 20 vols. Svo, which occupied him from 

 1SJI to 1851. 



CAILLKT. OCILLAUME, a French peasant, wa* the leader of the 

 Isswmidon oalle.1 the Jacquerie, which broke oat in France in 1358. 

 Caflktwas a native of M*llo, a nnall place in the Beauvoiain, a diitrict 

 ao Darned from the city of Reanvais, in the old province of Iale-de- 

 Praaoa, adjoining Pleardie. At thi* time the French king Jean II. was 

 a priaotMr la England, having been taken at the battle of Poictiera in 

 ISM. Th* uvnrrectjonute coniuted almost entirely of peaaantry, and 

 tbair leader Caillrt rrceivod or aiumed the name of Jaoque* Bon- 

 bocnm* (Jan** Good- Man), which was applied in contempt to the lower 

 Hams, and henc* th* perron* encaged in thia outbreak were called 

 Jacqoea, and th* insurrection iUelf La Jacquerie, Th ruing of the 

 peaamat* onmmenred. according to the ' Chroniqnea de France, on the 

 -Ut of May ISi.H, and wai of a very ferocious character. It is stated 

 by UM wnun of th* Urn*, Froisaart and other*, to have been caused 

 by UM OL|ir*tuiis of UM feodal lords and landed gentry, which, always 

 wr*. bad InociaiiJ during UM disturbed period of the king's captivity 

 till thrv bad broom* intolerable. Th* lawless bands were at first few 



armed only with knives and with sticks shod with 

 Iron, bat they rapidly iaenaead, and ultimately extended throughout 

 rtoardw and into UM neighbouring province*, and are paid to have 

 amounted to 100.000. Their object was, as they openly professed, to 

 darttw* UM wbol* race of the feudal nobility and gentry a* beings who 

 oofht to b* DO Uxjnr auBand to exist Tb* peasants forced their way 

 k*4o UM axils* and boo***, plundered and then burnt them, and not 

 awl* miamnril UM inhabitant* of both sexe* and every age, but 

 brtMtad croWO*. not fit to be dracritttd. At length, about thTend of 

 UM sam* year 1IM, UM in*nrr*ctioni*te were opposed and overcome 

 by UM oombssMd tuna* of UM lord, of Pioardie. Brabant, and Flanden., 

 UM Daaphin of France, aftarwards CharU* V.. at their head. 

 f the king of 



CAlI.LIAt I. PRRDKRIC, wa* bora in 1787 at Nantei, in the 

 Fr*a*b department of Loirc-Inferwur*. In 1809 b* removed to Paris 

 fcr UM pstfpoa. of pmsieutln*, bit atodiat in geology and mineralogy. 

 'Hand. Italy, Sidly, Greece, and Turkey. 



- r ., re b* wa* Well received by the pasha, 



- 1 * 7 "o ** wm "P*7> yat* of exploration 

 pUMKU*. B* spaot torn* Urn* in Nubia, and diaoov*r*d on Mount 

 eabarahUMameraldmfaM. which bad formerly baan celebrated, and 

 *b*db*wro^tuiKl w thg<^riim*ntofth.Ptolnl..; H* 

 xcavation* which bad batn mad* in working th* 

 1 other article* which 

 H* bimatlf conducted 

 th* pasha 

 communication* with tho 



route from th* Nil* to the 



am Egypt and India was formerly 



4**! fomd Ian* qoatttti** of tool, sod otbar arUdi*~which 

 ** ^TV*^^ workm.0, and Ml tbara. 



R*iH**Tbwhi*hUM 



a. M coanrc. ewam gypt and ndk was I onn*rly 

 arrtodoav H vMud UM ruin* of Tb*b*s evr.l Urn**, and obtained 

 awy MtMHll H iml^iUsa, and oopfod a large number of hworipUon*. 



M. Cailliand rehirned to Paria in 1819, but went back to Egypt before 

 UM cad of the aam* year for the purpose of extending his travel*. He 

 left bis journal*, portfolio*, and other materials, with M. Jomard, who 

 was thus enabled to compile the ' Voyage a l'OaU de Thobw, et dans 

 ba Desert* situe* a 1'Orient et a I'Oocident de la Thcbaidr, fait pendant 

 le* Anne** 1815, 1816, 1817, et 1818/2 vols. folio, one of text and 

 on* of plate*, Paris, lv.il. 



M. Cailliaud, after his return to Egypt, performed a difficult and 

 exhausting journey across the deaert which lies to the w. st of Egypt, 

 as far as the oasis of Siwah, where he visited the remains of the 

 famous tempi* of Ammon. He bad been about four months employed 

 her* and in visiting the other oases of the desert, when he learned 

 that the pasha was preparing an expedition to Upper Nubia, which 

 wa* to be placed under the conduct of his son IsinaiL M. Cailliaud 

 immediately proceeded to Cairo, where he obtained the pasha's per- 

 mission to join the expedition. He went with it a* far as 1 X. lat.. 

 which waa the farthest point south to which it advanced. M. Cailliaud 

 is considered to have discovered at Ataour. above tho confluence of 

 the TaceazzcJ with tho Kile, the ruins of the ancient city of Meroa. 

 The pasha's son Ismail died here. In 1S22 Cailliaud returned to 

 Paria, and from the material* furnished by him M. Jomard compiled 

 the ' Voyage a 1'Oasis de Syonah,' 1 vol. folio, with many plates. The 

 results however of them latter journeys were afterwards published 

 by M. Cailliaud, himself, in the ' Voyage a HeW, au Fleuve Blanc, 

 au dela de Fazoql, dan* le Midi du Royanme de Sennftr, a Syouoh, et 

 dans lea Cinq autres Oases, fait dans les Annees 1819, 1820, 1821, et 

 1822,' Paris, 1826-27, 4 vols. 8vo, with a folio volume of plates. In 

 1831 he pub)ihed a splendid volume in small folio, with plate* beau- 

 tifully coloured, entitled 'Reaerchessur les Arts et Metiers, les Usages, 

 et la Vie Civile et Domestiqne, des Anciens Peuples de 1'Egypte, de U 

 Nubie, et de 1'fitiopie, suivies de Ddtails Mir les Moeurs et Coutumes 

 des Peuples Modernes des momes ContreVs." M. Cailliaud afterwards 

 retired to his native town of Nantes, where, we believe, he is still 

 living. 



(NouveUe Biographit L'nivenelle.) 



CAIN was the eldest son of Adam. His history, with that of his 

 brother Abel, is contained in the fourth chapter of Genesis. Cain, 

 we are told, wa a tiller of the ground, while Abi-1 was a keeper of 

 sheep. The brothers offered f acrificea together. Cain's offering being 

 the fruit of the earth, and that of Abel the firstlings of his flock. The 

 offering of Abel alone was accepted, as being an act of faith [A DEI.], 

 and Cain being very wroth, when they were together in the field, 

 "rose up against Abel his brother and slew him." For this tho first 

 shedding of human blood, Cain was driven forth " a fugitive and a 

 vagabond in the earth." But on his crying out to the Lord that hU 

 punishment wo* greater than he could bear, " the Lord set a mark 

 upon him, lest any finding him should kill him," or, as it is perhaps 

 to be understood, gave him a token or assurance that none who found 

 him should kill him. Cain went and dwelt in the land of Nod on the 

 east of Eden, and had a son, Enoch, after whom he named a city or 

 settlement which he subsequently built. Of the remainder of Cain's 

 life, or of it* length, nothing is told in Scripture : tho Talmudists and 

 some early Christian writers have related many absurd fables and 

 traditions respecting his future career and the manner of his death, 

 which however it would serve no good purpose to repeat here. It 

 will also be enough to mention that in the 2nd century of the Christian 

 era, a sect of heretics, who called themselves, or were called, Cainites, 

 is said by ancient writers to have sprung up and numbered many 

 adherent*. They are stated to have held the person of Cain in great 

 veneration, and to have adopted many very abominable practices as 

 well as opinions : they are regarded as a minor sect of Gnostics. 

 Lardner gives an account of them in his ' History of Heretics,' but at 

 the same time questions the existence of any such sect. 



CA1US. [Giins.] 



CAIU8, DR. JOHN, was born at Norwich, October 6, 1510. His 

 real name was Kaye, or Key, which he Latinised by Gains. After 

 receiving the first rudiment* of learning in his native city, he was sent 

 to Gonvillo Hall, in tho University of Cambridge. He took the degrees 

 of B.A. and M.A. at the usual times, and was chosen fellow of bis 

 college in 1588. His literary labours began at the age of twenty by 

 a translation into English of St. Chrysostom, ' De Modo orandi Deum.' 

 Thi* was followed by a translation (somewhat abridged) of Erasmus, 

 'De vert Theologia.' Hi* third production wo* a translation of 

 Erasmus's paraphrase upon the epistle of St Judo. His excuse for 

 writing in English is curious enough : "These I did in Enpli-Oic the 

 rather because at that tyme men ware not so geuen all to Englisho, but 

 that they dyd fauoure and mayteine good learning contcined in tongues 

 and science*, and did also study and apply diligently the some them- 

 elves. Therfore I thought no hurte done. Sence that time dinerse 

 other thynge* I haue written, but with entente neuer more to write in 

 the Knglishe tongue, partly because the commoditie of tli.it which is so 

 written paisetli not the compose* of Englande, but remaineth enclosed 

 within the teas," Ac. ('A Counseill against the Sweat,' fol. 4.) 



It wa* probably soon after this that be travelled into Italy, where 

 b* remained aereral years. He studied medicine at Padua under 

 llaptinta MonUnus and Vesalim, and took the degree of Doctor at 

 Bologna. In 1542 he gave lecture* at Padua on the Greek text of 

 Arutotlo in conjunction with Kealdus Columbus, the salary being paid 



