CALVIN. . 



. IMBTBia 



4t 



f^vijSJllBBjL MT i*S BVMVtjSfSj UM MSajSj of Calvtaieta, **M t*>* OOO,f*rttC* 



| ,4! **- MjLtflMM^* ^ A BkJ kl^^^ftlF ^^^Mt Aft OkAA 



Jl YiBjBSSr SB I**l. I SM IWJSWWJeT W*B WW BUBSaW BS^^H ! 



MtUjT Was* B*B*>| (rod atteadia*: bj hia f~~i duties im4 th* 

 iB >sv* *V hkle.tli ,^ist w an fro* *unyoad' with Ba. 



MM! taa* aaUu>j was doae oa UM pert of UM tefccmers without Kis 

 Ia UM debate which took place OB UM 



* were drtwa oat; aad they were such as that from 

 UM Utter Yimmi kaewn at a distinct aw* under that 



UM doctrine, of UM Trinity, pre- 

 Jan aad reprobation, original sin, 

 or irresistible grao* m regeneration, 

 severance of saints; together also 

 i of UM church, the nature of the 

 dtUqwaHfc-tWof those .ntiUed to partake of it The 

 creal IsadaaJ priMtptM ofth* systeai howerer are the absolut* d*oreea 

 of Ood. the lyhhail Briisnei of Chriat ia UM enchariat, and the 



falvtoin wa*, perhaps, lik* U 

 Suaabourg; when, ia the year 161 



seen m all rU'ifoor; and from 



B!MB h wae carried by Kaoi 

 ef Calvia ; and a* within 



Luthranism, exemplified fint at 

 1S, Calvin established . French 

 t Uo*va Out the system was 

 H annad into France, Germany, 



and SootUnd. To tl.U hit 



i and intimaU 



sp 



dent 



littlo territory of Geneva there waa 

 for the parochial asaaicna, presbyteries, pro- 

 BMMnbly, into which the pmbvterial 

 it**lf ia a large community, w* ahall briefly 

 edvert to to leadinc features in Scotland, as it appeared therein the 

 Mtfawef KaosTwe ahall Uios indeed seethe Church of Scotland 

 ia Its tafaocy ; but at the same time, and it is that we have chiefly 

 la view, w* shall thus perhaps have th* beat idea of the matured 

 i t lal m of the great reformer. 



Th* Confession of Faith, ratified by UM Soota parliament in I. r 60, 

 deetares thai by th* aia of oar Bret parent*, " commonly called original 

 a, UM imac* of Ood wa* utterly defaced in man, and he and his 

 posterity of nator* beoame anemia* of Ood, slave* to Satan, and 

 aariaafci onto ate ; iaaoouch that death everlasting has had, and shall 

 have, power and doatinion over all that have not been, are not, or 

 ahall aot b, lefsuaussd from above, which regeneration is wrought 

 by UM power of UM Holy Ghost working in the heart* of the elect of 

 Ood aa aarared faith in the pronto* of Ood revealed in his word ;" 

 tat* front th* eternal aad immutable decree of Ood all our salvation 

 nriafB aad depends;" " Ood of mere frees electing us in Christ Jesus 

 Jit m before UM foundaU-n of the world was laid;" and that " our 

 faith aad UM aesonaos of the same proceeds not from flesh and blood, 

 that i* to say, from oar natural powers within us, but is the inspira- 

 tion of th* Holy Ghost;' "who sanctifies us and brings us in all 

 ferity by hi* own operation, without whom we should remain for ever 

 eaoSBMs to Ood and ignorant of his son Christ Jesus; for of nature we 

 are so dead, so blind, aad so peneiae, that neither can we feel when 

 we are pocked, are UM light when it shines, nor assent to the will of 

 Ood when it is nveaUd, unless UM spirit of UM Lord Jesus quicken 

 the* which la dead, f move the darknras from our minds, and bow 

 nretahbons heart* to the ohedieno* of his blessed will;" "so that 

 of food work* we confeaa to be not our free will, but the 



heart* by true faith, 

 us to walk in ;" and 

 their own works, or put 



1 ia work* of sapersro atioo, boast themselves in that which 



It further admits 



M earn* o po wor* wo ooness o e no o 

 a*mt of UM Lord Jama, who dwelling in oar h 

 bfton faith eooh works M Ood has prepared for 

 " boan boast UMmaalves of Uie mante of thei 



their tract ia worka of euperero. aUon, boast tiwi 

 i* Dot. sad pot their tract in damnable idolatry 

 that* we now, mthetisMof the evangel, have 



as- 1 



ha 



w of the eranrel, have two chief sacrament* 

 to wit, Baptism aad UM Lords Sapper; by the former of 

 we are atpmfted in Christ Jeans to be made partakers of his 

 17 which oar aiaa are covered aad remitted ;" and in the latter 

 tad there U a real Utou(h only spiritual presence of Christ, 

 la the sapper rsjbUy aeod, Cbriet Jem U joined with us, that 



and food of our aoula." Th* marks of a 

 are said to be UM true ncesnliliit of the word of Qod, the 



ofth. 



a* the word of Ood prescribes. The polity or 

 of Jhe eborah however is not detailed ; this waa done in 



, is the Oeneral Aaeambly, composed o* 

 UM others, which are provincial synodsTpreaby 



otstn and laity bar* equal voloas. Th* minister and UM elder lnd*ed 

 ar* both prMbytan-UM one a 



oUi pnabytara- 

 prasbitev; aad 



it-asoaJyi 

 by Calvin and th. 

 wbkhboUi 



prebJn presbytor. aad th* other a 

 it will be mnamhervd that when Buoer 

 of UM epiaeopal hMrarcby of Englai , 

 papac*. Another P ruipU,rocfnis*d 

 n o/8Xlaiid,WM thVedooatLn of 

 to have regarded as the rock upon which 



church ahoold be built; and in Scotland, as was fit, 

 thw fooodation was as broad aa the building, it being meant that, 

 baaidea th* universities of the kingdom, there should be in every 

 district a parish church and a parish school 



CAMBACKUKS, JEAN JA< IQTJBB I <K, was born at Montpellier in 

 1758. His father was an advocate, and brought him up to the earn* 

 profession, in which he soon diatinguished himself, and was made 

 Counsellor of the Coor dea Comptea of Montpellier. When the revo- 

 lution broke oat be was elected deputy to the Legislative Assembly, 

 aad afterwards to the Convention, where he voted for the death of 

 Louis XVI., but with a conditions! reprieve. In the subsequent 

 period of terror he endeavoured, though cautiously, to bring back the 

 Assembly to legal measures, and to check arbitrary acts. He after- 

 wards sat in the Council of Five Hundred, and was made Minister of 

 Jostle* under the Directory, in which capacity he greatly sasigted 

 Bonaparte in the revolution of the 18th Brumaire. From that moment 

 he followed the fortunes of Napoleon, and was among his most 

 useful and subservient instruments : he was also one of the few who 

 remained ndthful to him to the last In his capacity of Great 

 Chancellor of the empire, he had to communicate to the senate all 

 Napoleon's measures for peace or war, including his frequent demands 

 for fresh conscriptions of men, which were sanctioned by that docile 

 assembly. Cambaceree was one of the compilers of the civil code, for 

 which his legal knowledge rendered him very well qualified. Ho bad 

 already written, in 1T96, a ' Projet do Code Civil,' which became in a 

 great measure the basis of the new code. After Napoleon's first 

 abdication in 1814, Cambac&res lived in retirement at Paris. When 

 Napoleon returned from Elba, ho appointed Cambaceres Minister of 

 Justice, notwithstanding his excuses. After the king's second return, 

 Carabacores withdrew again to private life, and in February 1816, he 

 went to reside at Brussels, being included in the list of those who 

 were exiled from France for having voted for the death of Louis XVI. 

 However in May 1818, the king reinstated Cambaceres in all IIH civil 

 and political rights, in consequence of which he returned to Paris, 

 where he died in 1824. His manners were courteous and plensing : 

 he was liberal and hospitable, and had the reputation of giving 

 the best dinners of any of the ministers and great officers of the 

 empire. 



CAMBIA'SO, L0CA, sometimes called LUCHETTO DA GEM >VA. 

 a very celebrated Italian painter in fresco and in oil, was born at 

 Monrglia near Genoa, on St. Luke's day, in 1527. He was instructed 

 by his father Giovanni, a painter of considerable merit, and dis- 

 tinguished himself even when a boy, and though he is not known to 

 have visited Rome in his youth, his best works have many of tho 

 qualities of the Roman masters. After a long and honourable career 

 at Genoa, where he was without a rival, he went, in 1683, to -Spain, 

 with his son Orazio, and L. Tavorone, one of his pupils, to assist him 

 in some works which Philip II. had commissioned him to execute in 

 the Escurial. Cainbiaso was invited to Spain by Philip II. to supply 

 the place of his old friend and fellow-labourer G. 13. Castello, of 

 Bergamo, who died in Madrid in 1579. Cambiaso and Castello 

 executed several paintings together in Genoa. 



Cambiaso executed several works in the Escurial, tho largest of 

 which was an immense fresco of Paradise, containing a vast number of 

 figures, arranged as the monks desired on the ceiling of the choir 

 of the church of San Lorenzo. He received 12,000 ducats for this 

 picture, yet it occupied him only fifteen months ; it was however in 

 the opinion of Mengs much inferior to his best works in Genoa : the 

 composition is formal and bod, but for this the monks must be held 

 responsible. The oil painting of ' John the Baptist preaching in the 

 Wilderness,' also in the Escurial, is the best of his Spanish works. H, 

 died at the Escurial in 1585, and Philip greatly regretted his loss. 

 He was called Cangi*so by the Spaniards. He was a painter of sur- 

 prising facility and power ; Armenini compared him with Tintoretto ; 

 be painted however latterly with great negligence. Cambiaso's 

 masterpiece is considered the 'Martyrdom of St. George' in the 

 church of San Giorgio at Genoa. 'The Rape of the Sabines,' in 

 Ternlbk near Oenos, is also a magnificent and celebrated work. His 

 portrait by himself is in the Florentine gallery : several of his works 

 have been engraved. 



(Soprani, Vile de' Pittori, <kc. ; Coan Rermudez, Diccionario Hit- 

 lorico, 



CAMBY'SES (KowSwnjj), the second king of the Medcsand Persians, 

 succeeded his father Cyrus B.C. 529. He led an army against Egypt 

 (B.O. 625), defeated the Egyptian king Psammenitus in a groat battle, 

 and reduced Egypt to the form of a Persian province. The ruin of 

 many of the monuments of Egypt is attributed, and perhaps to a 

 certain extent correctly, to the fury of the barbarian invaders and of 

 their king, who was mad. From Egypt Cambyses marched south- 

 wards against the Macrobian Ethiopians (a people whose geographical 

 position is not certain), but bis army, after suffering the severest 

 privations in the deserts, returned to Thebes with much diminished 

 numbers. A detachment of the Persian army which was sent from 

 Thebes against tho Ammonium (Siwab) was lost in the desert. 

 After committing numberless extravagancies in Kgypt, putting his 

 brother Smerdia to death, marrvinK bis sister, which was contrary 

 to th* Persian custom, and then killing her by a kick during her 

 pregnancy, Cambysm died (B.C. 521) of an accidental wound from liis 



