OAMUCCIM. YICRNKX 



CAKCELLIERI. FRAFCKSOO. 



II. wacduwtnroftiM 



OB* Of IB* few OMlkl llBMIli 



flf i ilrt atadooay at blotory, 

 T Spew. and wa* aUo a 

 of Paria. wl by U neMB- 



1 by op* aot-. 4V>, Madrid, 1754. 



d. U lndu*tna Popular,' Svo. Madrid, 1774 



Popular d. to* 



Haono,' 

 obreel 

 Uiacuno 

 Svo. 



of tb. 



ia tlMir attar* low aad abjaot 

 aad saanhUd by th* 



Lot to. mechanical 

 of education od 



. kao.Ude ; Ut U. arfeaa* raie. tiMtnetlv*. by tboir .kill, 

 .aaaooaduOl.aBd th. prvjadieo agaiaot to. moobanioal pro- 



fin u will (ifo way." Tba. proposition* of Campomanee appear 

 BOW Mlf-evideBl, bat ia ki* lime, and eipeoiaUy in Spain, they aounded 

 U. a paradox, and it raoaired a considerable dogro* of moral courage 



siiseilini a U Kdueaoioa Popnlar,' 4 Tola. STO, Madrid, 1776-77 ; 

 a work sVna-^-fl with important information and valuable idea* on 

 th* obiBl of popular progroa*. It also troat* of the law* affecting 

 BMBafaetana aad th* n*hninil art*, and the beat mean* of extending 

 aad IsaiimiBt thorn. Campomaae* wrote also an hUtorical disurta- 

 UM oa the order of the Templar*, and a treatise on the mortmain 



propntj 

 waioh be 



by oontronia and other eooloaUatioal bodies, in j 

 piniona wbich drew upon him the hostility of 



aoveral powerful difnitarie* of the church, and probably contributed 

 to fratt rvjcuoT*! ffotn ^flje*>. 



CAML'CCISI. V1CEXZO. cue of the most distinguished modern 

 Bnioia painter*, was bora at Rome about 1775. Left an orphan at an 

 tly ago. b* wa* instruct*! in design und.r the care of a brother, 

 Piatro, who followed th* calling of a restorer of old pictures. For 

 Btaay years Viasoao earned hi* living by oopyidg the works of the 

 great master*. Th* first original work* by which b* attracted notice 

 wre subj-eU from rariy Roman history. His ' Infancy of Romulus 

 aad RMBU*,' Uoratiu* Cool**.' and other*, gained him great applause; 

 aad bis) ' Usath of Cassar ' and ' Death of Virginia ' were purchased 

 far th* private eoUeotkw of th. King of Naples. Having once gained 

 th. approbation of th* Boman oonnowour* Camuocini never lost it 

 Ho always painted in that claasic' style which the modern Italians 

 Bat* *o long looked upon a* the highest excellence. Even in hia 

 raMgioaa piion. which are v*ry numerous, th* academic model is 

 ao*r lot* light of. To an eye accustomed to th* licence of English 

 , ^Vnf^i"' appear* intolerably constrained and formal ; but 

 i ho i* porhap* (till regarded a* one of the greatest of modern 

 lo hi* lifetime bo received an ample share of wealth and 

 Th* pop* appointed him inspector-general of the papal 

 i aad of th* mosaic works, and keeper of the collections of 

 can. For many yean he wa* director of the Academy of 

 S*. Lake, aad dinetor o( tb* Neapolitan Academy at Rome. Pius VII. 

 siil him a baron : th* emperor Francis L of Austria conferred on 

 him la* Order of tb* Iron Crown ; and he wa* elected a member of 

 the laxtfeate of Franc*. A* th* b*ad of th* Academy of St Luke, 

 aad poMoua*; an xo*IUnt collection of painting* by the old masters, 



, ho dining many year* wa* regarded 



i great arbiter of test* in Homo ; and hi* practice, precept, and 

 v* a strong bias to the course of the young painter* of that 

 -* hi* namting* from olaasical and sacred history, Camuo- 

 -ameroa* portrait., including that of Pop* Pius VII. He 

 atawd aiBHloBilly ia freooo as well a* in oil, aad several of hi* 

 iv* beam oiooated or copied in mosaic. Many of hi* more 

 at work* have been igTmv*d by Botollini and others ; and a 

 of lithograph* by 8ead*lUri from hi* picture* and designs was 

 hod at Homo ia IBZ*. with th* text in Italian and French, under 

 ih* title I Fasti priacjpali della Vita di Oe.u-Cri.to/ 2 vol*. folio. 

 at homo, September S, 1844. (Nsgler, fftuet AUge- 

 "Zaaiaj*! ; Sme. do gnu d Mmde ; jVow*. Bag 



thi* arlldi principally to make th* distinction 

 of thai 



CAMU& 



1. Favavvosi Juaarm on Ciajua, born 1C78, died 1732. author of 

 TriU oa* Foroa* BMMrraataa, 1 1789, aad editor of Varignon's ' Me 

 at*aim.' USA. Bo dM ia Kngkud, whither bo bad come in search 

 of omjiloymoBt. 



1 CaABLn EnoBi Uou CAMOT, born loM, died 1768, WM the 



Maiiaaii* of Clairaat. lojioctnier, aad Maupertuis in the measure. 



oa* of la* m*tid*M la Lapland, author of th* Hydranliqne,' 'Cours 



o Maibtairttooa.' and a bat of work* which may b* found in Hntton' 



rtioaar*: Uo wo. alao oonoonad in MM verification of Pieard* 



L NHOUU u C*o MM Mkiiaan, born 1721, died 1789, antbo 

 of varloojs work* oa ar.4ite.tara, M* pmfaaauu. 



CAJtAL, AJUXXNIO. oallod Ooaaf.Mi. was th. ton of Bernardo 

 Carnal, wta. ^Hfroofa iiiaialii from ooo of too noble families 

 Voalaa. followed tao profos*soa of a eorapainter. Antonio was born 

 rt VJo* about 1W. Ho orlgfawUly foUow*d his father 1 , occupation 

 aadtUrtybof hi* eatly praetioe may b. traoed in th. boldnc- aw 



vigour of kit UUr work*, aad th* reality of the effect. About the 

 year 1710, diaruated with the potty annoyance* of the theatre, he 

 abandoned it altogether, and went to Rome, where he employed him- 

 self for a long time in atudying from the ancient ruin*. Ou his r 

 homo, b* dorotod himself to painting view* In the city, and original 

 compositions. In the latter part of hi* life he vUited London, where 

 ho was in rreat estimation. 



Hi* handling U light, bold, and firm; his colouring generally bright, 

 true, and pleasing; hi* figures well disposed. He ha* displayed no 

 lea* art in hi* choice of subjects and ritea, and dispos.il of all the 

 separate parta, than in the treatment and execution. He was one of 

 the few artist* who have made use of the camera obscura with a view 

 to quickly obtaining perspective effect, and though Lxnzi observes 

 that be was careful to avoid its misapplication, many of hi* picture* 

 appear to us to bear too evident trace* of having been studied by It* 

 mean*. But after every admission is made, there can be little question 

 that Canaletto is the first painter in his particular branch of art In 

 his pictures the palaces of the Adriatic are brought before the eye 

 with much of the vivid beauty of the actual scene; and his original 

 composition*, in which the ancient and the modern are blended, par- 

 take of the reality of his views. His works may be seen in every 

 collection. 



His puj.il Guardi is the most eminent of his followers. He paints 

 in a style which ia brilliant and agreeable, but less solid and less exact 

 than his master's. (Zanetti.) 



CANCELLIE'RI, FRANCESCO, born at Rome in 1751, after 



studying in the Roman college under the Jesuit professors Cunich, 



ordars, and Zaccaria, became secretary to the senator Hezzouico, and 



fterwards librarian to the learned Cardinal Antonelli, Prefect of the 



'ropaganda. In 1773 he edited a newly discovered fragment of the 



1st book of Livy, with a preface. Ou the occasion of the new 



sacristy added by Pius VI. to the Basilica of the Vatican, C*ncellieri 



ndertook a work of historical and litnrgical erudition on the ancient 



ffice of Secretary of that Basilica, ' De Secretariia Basilica Vaticanae,' 



vola. 4 to, Rome, 1788, which contains an ample store of information 



oncerning the Basilica, its early history, its vaults, its library, ita 



ormer monastery, the circuses of Caligula and Nero, with illustrations 



f numerous monuments and document*. This work was received 



with great applau*e by the learned, and the author was placed among 



he first writers on church antiquities. He afterwards published a 



Descrizione del Caroere Tulliano,' a notice on the statues of Pasquino 



and Marforio, as well as various treatises on the origin and meaning 



of the ceremonies which are performed in St Peter's church and in 



the pontifical chapel of the Vatican on great festival days. 'Descri- 



ione dei tre Pontifical! che si celebrano nella Basilica Vaticana per le 



Feate di Natale, di Pasqun, ediS. Pietro ; ' ' Deacrizione delle Funzioni 



che si celebrano nella Cappella PontificU per la Settimana santa ; ' 



Notizio intorno la Novena, Vigilia, Notte, e Festa di Natale^; ' ' De- 



crizione delle Cappelle Pontificie e Cardinalizie di tutto 1'Anno ; ' 



Storia dei solenni Possess! de' somuii Pontefici da Leone III. a Plo 



VII.;' 'Memorie storiche delle nacre Feste dei S3. Apostoli Pietro e 



Paolo, e della loro solenne Ricognizione nella Basilica Lateranense fatta 



da Pio VII.;' ' Doscrizione della doppia Illuminazione della Cupola 



di 8. Pietro a Lanternoni e Fiaccole, e della Qirandola della Mole 



Adriana.' Mot of these treatises have been translated into French. 



When the French revolutionists drove away Pius VI. from Home, 

 n February, 1798, Cancellieri was separated from his patron Cardinal 

 Antonelli, who was arrested and sent to Civitavecchia, Some years 

 after, when Pius VII. took possession of Rome, Cancellieri waa 

 appointed director of the printing press of the Propaganda, In 1804 

 30 accompanied Cardinal Antonelli to Pari- 1 , on the occasion of 

 Napoleon's coronation. He kept a diary of that journey, from which 

 many entertaining extract* are given in Baraldi'n ' Life of Canoellieri.' 

 When the French invaded Rome a second time, in 1808, Car.lin.l 

 Antonelli was banished to Sinigaglia, where he died in 1811. At the 

 restoration of Piu* VII. Cancellieri was reinstated in bis office. He 

 continued to write work* of antiquarian erudition until 1826, when 

 he died at Rome. The year before, he had at bis own expense raised 

 a handsome cenotaph with a biographical inscription to his patron, 

 Cardinal Antouelli, in the Basilica of the Lateran, below which he 

 dnired by will to have himself buried. He published an account of 

 this monument: ' Cenotaphium Leonard! Antonelli,' Pesaro, 1825. 

 Among the printed works of Cancellieri, which exceed 160 in number, 

 the following, beside* those already mentioned, are deserving of notice : 

 'II Mercato, il Logo dell' Acqua Vergine, il Palazzo Panfiliauo nel 

 Circo Agonale,' Ac., 4to., Rome, 1811. This is an erudite description. 

 of a most interesting district of the city of Rome. ' Dissertazione 

 intorno agli Uomini dotati di gran Meinoria, e a quelli divenuti 

 Smemorati,' 1815; Descrizione dull' C*o dl rappresentare la Befana 

 nell' Epifania.' Thia refers to one of the popular customs of Rome. 

 ' Ni.tizie aopra 1'Origine e 1'Uso dell' Anello peseatorio e degli altri 

 Anelli ecclesiastic!,' 1823; ' Lettera aopra TUngine di-lle l';.r<.le 

 Dominu* e Domnus, e del Titolo di Don,' Rome, 1808 ; ' Disfertazioni 

 epistolari aopra Cristoforo Colombo e Giovanni Ocrson,' 1809. Many 

 of hi* minor works have appeared in the ' Kff.-meridi Letterarie,' 

 ' Notizie del Oiorno,' ' Qiornale Arcadioo,' and other journals. There 

 is a list of his inedited works, amounting to eighty. 

 ( Tipaldo, JBioyrafa degli Ilaliani llluilri.) 



