II 



CAPKLLKN, BAUDS VAN DKR. 



CAPO D13TRIA, COUNT OR 



i ia the valuable parts of his matter, than oonfusion, obscurity, 

 in his meaner of expression. " The man," said Johnson, 

 "ans'lll have come to me, and I would have endowed his purpose 

 with word* : as it is, be doth gabble monstrously." The publications 

 written or edited by Capell an the following : 1, ' Prolusions, or 

 Select Piemof Ancient Poetry,' 1760, 8vo: a volume in which the 

 mt + interesting part U th* fin* drama of ' Edward III.,' attributed 

 br to editor to Shakspere on ..rounds quite inconclusive ; 2, Mr. 

 William Shakespeare, bis Comedies, Histories, and Tnundies.' Ac.. 

 17*7. 10 Tola. 8vo ; S, Notes and Various Beading* to Shakespeare,' 

 177J. 4to; 4. 'A Letter to George Harding, Esq.' (on a passage in 

 Otsusnss Preface). 1777, 4to; 5, 'Notes and Various Reading* to 

 Shakwpean; to which ia added, The School of Shakespeare, or 

 Extract* front divers English Books that wen in print in the Author's 

 tsase,' *c, ITS*. 1 vola, 4to. 



CAPELLEN. OODERD ALEXANDER GERARD PHILIP, 

 BARON VAN DER, a distinguished governor-general of the Dutch 

 i born at Utrecht on the 15th of December 1778. He 



lost his father, Alexander Philip van der Caprllen, Heer van lk-rken- 

 , before be was nine yean old. After studying at Giittingen 

 i sad Blumcnbach, with both of whom he oontinuedln 

 > to the end of hi* life, he entered the public service of 

 came in 1809 Minister of Internal Attain under King 

 Ixmi* Bonaparte, whom he strongly advised to defend the entrance of 

 Holland by force against th* armies of Napoleon, and when the French 

 i introduced into the country on the 1st of January 1811, 

 to Us retreat at Oratx in Styria. A ooolnea* however 



on the part of the ex-king when be found that hi* late minuter 

 looked with no unfavourable eye on the ruing in Holland to reatore 

 the house of Orange ; and after the complete emancipation of Holland 

 from the French yoke. Van der Capellen wa* in fact appointed 

 XuusUr of Commerce and the Colonies, and on the lit of August 

 1814 Governor-General of the Dutch Ka*t Indie*. Owing to an im- 

 portant mission to the congress of Vienna, and the return of Napoleon, 

 which gave Van der Cape Jan an admirable opportunity of showing hu 

 constancy and oaonge at Bruaeel* on the day of Waterloo, he did not 

 bar* Europe for hi* poet till October 1S15, and a further delay 

 uuaaanil before be dually receired Java from the hand* of the 

 iT>eJI*h. agreeably to the arrangement* made at the peace. He 

 remained beyond the Bra yean, which had been originally intended, 

 aad ww recalled in disgrace in 1826, when lie wa* universally cen- 

 sured in Holland for having effected a loan of fifteen million* of sioca 

 rupee* at Calcutta, at nine per cent., on the aoeority of the revenue* 

 of toe Dutch Eaat Indie*. It wa* said that of all meuuna that could 

 be adopted tl.e moat uuadviasble wa* that of pledging the Dutch po- 

 SBSOM to the Kogluh. Van der Capellen bad however ahown no 

 partiality to our nation ; he had, on the contrary, strongly urged the 

 Date* government not to content to the English establishment of 

 Sagaporv. He had however followed up the arrangement* made by 

 Sir 8tamfurd RaflU* during the English poaaeuion of Java, and by 

 that means aa immense improvement was effected in the position and 

 piosoeou of the country. He had also aboluhed the monopolies 

 wUsh under the old Dutch systom pressed heavily upon the natives 

 of Celebes and the Moluccas, made alteration* and improvement* 

 ocb required in the coinage, and taken measures for the abolition of 

 the aUve trade and slavery. The most unfortunate circumstance con- 

 sstid with hi* administration wai the outbreak of the great revolt of 

 Mam Negoro, a Javaoee chief, which lasted many years, and which 

 on his return to Korope be left still unsubdued. On the whole how- 

 ever, when hi* administration came to be reviewed, the unpopularity 

 whMh had eolleced around him gradually cleared off, and his merit* 

 an now universally acknowledged. He waa nominated to several high 

 post* among others to.that of ambassador to England on the occasion 

 of the coronation of Queen Victoria, President of the Commission of 

 Education, aad President of the University of Utrecht In February 

 IMS be wa* unfortunately on a visit to Paris, on an invitation from 

 King Look Philippe, who waa a personal friend, when in the outbreak 

 of lh revolution he was (truck on the bead by a stone thrown by one 

 f he mob. No outward injury appeared, but on hi* nturn to his 

 eat a* VolUnboven be rank into a deep melancholy, produced partly 

 I? h><s^stth* events he lad witieKH], and thU was succeeded 

 bv in MiMitlua of the brain, attributed to the blow, which carried 

 hUof en the 10th of April 1848. 



CAPET. HfOUES. the founder of the third, or, a* it hat been 

 , the ' Capetian- dynasty of French princes, of whom 

 information i. preserved. Hi* own great fief, a* 

 T i " im taaMmKU pndomlnance; and on the 



, * &******, *.. 87. Louis V. the Slothful 



< U Fato>l\h. sMossafully u.urped the throne, and wa* confirmed 

 eetonre by tbs confederacy of turbulent barons, who yielding 



"* " ll>dta ' M ll ~ lUd ** 



' the name of the family ha* been 

 > he* been considered as given in ridicule ; 

 a) affirm that be wa* a knight of at,, ; .-,,t 

 imputation of pUbrian birth which has 



i* manifestly founded upon a misoon- 



i in the ' Purgatory ' 



" I wa* the son of a butcher of Paris." The commentators explain 

 this liue by adding, that Hugues the Great, count of Paris, tbn father 

 of Huguea Capet, waa a rigid executioner of the sentences which he 

 had paaned. M. de Sismondi, ' Hist, des Fran^in,' iv. 38, ha* ihown 

 that Velly i* not to be trusted in his account of the family of Capet; 

 but the reader may be asfely referred to M. de Sismondi himself, to 

 the Preface to the third volume of the gnat collection, generally 

 known under the name of Bouquet, or to the 'PnuveadelaQcudalogie 

 de Hugues Capet' in ' L'Art de verifier les Dates,' i. 600. 



A single anecdote may suffice to show the little authority which 

 Huguea possessed over hi* vassal*. " Who has made you count I " 

 was the inquiry which he directed a herald to put to Aldebert de 

 Perigueux, who had assumed the title of Count of Poictien and oi 

 Tour*. " And who has made you king ? " waa the only reply which 

 Aldebert vouchsafed to return by the same messenger. A* a supposed 

 atonement for the illegitimacy of his accession, Hugues himself never 

 wore the crown. Both the dates of his usurpation and of his death 

 are uncertain, but the former ia usually fixed in A.D. 967 ; the latter 

 986. Thirteen kings (fourteen if we includo John, who lived but 

 eight days, and waa never crowned) succeeded from his family : and 

 it was not until 132$, that Philip VI. of Yalois transferred the ' 

 to hi* own race. 



The party name Huguenot, which arose during the wars of tin- 

 League, ha* sometimes been attributed to the attachment man; 

 by the reformed to the reigning king, the representative of Hugues 

 Capet, in preference to the Guises, who were derived from Charlemagne. 

 Ou the accession of the line of Bourbon, the name Capet waa either 

 adopted by them or giveu to them ; and all the processes in the tri:tl 

 of the unfortunate Louis XVL were directed against Louis Capet. 



CAPMANY Y DE MONTPALAU, ANTONIO DE, a Spanish 

 author of high reputation in Spain, was born at Barcelona on th 24th 

 of November 174'J. Ho entered the army and served as an officer 

 during the wan with Portugal in 1762, and afterwards took a share in 

 Olavide'a scheme for colonising and cultivating the Sierra Moreua, to 

 which he conducted a group of Catalan families to co-operate with 

 OlavUe's Germans. When the plan terminated in Olavide's imprison- 

 ment by the Inquisition, Capmany took up his residence in Mu<lr.d, 

 where, with the exception of some time spent in travels in Italy, 

 France, Germany, and England, be resided for the next five and thirty 

 yean, intrusted with various political and literary commission* by the 

 government. On the entrance of the French army into Madrid in 

 1808 he took flight for Seville, and arrived at that city with nothing 

 in hi* possession but the clothes he wore, and those in rags. He 

 became an active member of the Cortes of Cadiz, and was among tho 

 multitude* swept away in that city in 1813 by the yellow fever. 



< '.ipmany's works are numerous, and are noted for the excellence of 

 their CasUlian style, though the author, by birth a Catalan, could never 

 speak the language like a native. His ' Critical Memoirs on the Marine, 

 Commerce and Arts of the city of Barcelona,' in three quarto volumes, 

 are a valuable contribution to the history of the middle ages, full of 

 curious particulars drawn from unpublished documents. Some inge- 

 nious dissertations on the introduction of gunpowder and similar 

 subjects are contained in his 'Questiones criticna.' llin Tcatro 

 historieo critico de la Elocuencia Eapanola ' is n collection of elegant 

 extracts, preceded by an essay on the Spanish language and literature, 

 which is spirited and instructive, though like most of Capmany's 

 writings one-sided and ultra-patriotic. The work on which he set the 

 most value was a small volume or rather pamphlet entitled ' Ml 

 Ceutinela contra Franceses,' or ' The Sentinel against tho French,' an 

 invective against the invaders of Spain, which is dedicated in terms 

 of warm affection to his friend Lord Holland. He was well acquainted 

 with the French language, and the compiler of an excellent r'n i..-!i 

 and Spanish dictionary, but in his latter yean his antipathy to the 

 nation amounted almost to a mania. 



CAPO D'lSTRIA, COUNT OF, born at Corfu in 1780, was the son 

 of a physician, and he himself began to study medicine at Venice, to 

 which republic Corfu and tho other Ionian inlands then belonged. 

 His father wa* chief of the provisional government of tho Ionian 

 Islands in 1799, when the Russians took possession of them. In 1806, 

 when the Seven Islands by tho treaty of Tilsit were placed under the 

 protection of Bonaparte, both Capo d'Istria and his father left Corfu 

 and entered the service of Russia. The count's first post was an 

 humble one ; but he showed a talent for diplomacy, and was speedily 

 advanced and attached to the Russian embassy at Vienna. In 1812, 

 during Bonaparte's expedition to Moscow, Capo d'Istria was charged 

 with certain diplomatic operations connected with the army of the 

 Danube, or, as it is more commonly called, the army of Moldavia, 

 under the command of Admiral Tchitchogof, which hod been engaged 

 against the Turks, and then occupied the two principalities of Walla- 

 chia and Moldavia. In the summer of 1812, peace being concluded 

 between Turkey and Russia, the latter power was enabled to recall the 

 army of Tcbitchagof from the Danube to the Berezina. Capo d'Istria 

 went with it, and after the finishing blow given to the French at tho 

 passage of the Berezina ho remained at the head quarters of tho 

 Emperor Alexander of Russia, who formed a high opinion of his 

 abilities and addrots. In 1813 ho was sent by Alexander as hU 

 minister plenipotentiary to Switzerland, and, licforc the allied armies 

 crossed thu Rhine into that count ry, he drew up a declaration promising 



