CARLTLE. THOMAa 



CARLYLE, THOMAS. 



II* dd a f.w day* later, and hi* death wu th* aignal for 

 t of th* adMTOBt. of Don Carlos in opposition to Qoorn 



jad i.pe*.aH to UM throne of h*r f.th*r. 



ForfnnT.yM8.MjwMa..oUtod by a civil war. in it. Mrly 

 period at MM* oa* of UM most atrociously orael which ha* *ver 

 MBBBSM* B dlMMd naBBtry. Oario* WM *upportod by th* gnat body 

 f UM pftoM*. by lane portion of th. oountiy party, and by nearly 

 UM whoj. of tb* tBbshTl.B of th. B~.,ue provlncth. brave* and 



- li lillill DUl n of UM Spanish people. Hid be been a man of 



r aW abUity, UM gnat probability i* that be would have 

 Bat b* Fiiim.il In full th* b*ndltary bigotry, weakno**, 

 i toUy of hi* net, and b* more often marred, than followed 

 _JMM which hi* graorak achieved. Y,t th. energy and 

 i of Us jMsrali. Oabnra and Zomalacarregui, maintained th* 

 lulilliflj IB hi. favour, till th* valuable aid of the British 

 MMT OtMral Sir d* Laey Evan*, and th* death of Zumala- 

 Mrr.rtti. toroed tb* Male. Th* defection of Maroio, and the surrender 

 of kis my to Brpartoro in Angos* 18M, left Carlo, no alternative but 

 0.M sitd b* *t ooo* took nfag* in Frane*. 



LoBt* PhiUpp* ISB%III< him a rwidenoe In the city of BoorgM, 

 IBM 





by hi* family, and when for com* yean b* main 

 i. In which WM obMrved all the elaborate etiquette 

 of UM %*nlah mooarahy. At length lick of bop* deferred, he in 

 14 J farBMlly nUaquUMd hi* claim to the Spanish crown in favour 

 of Us eidt *oa DOB Carlo* Louis Maria Fernando, Count de Monte- 

 The hde*<Mn of Don Carlo* wu strongly opposed by his 

 (daughter of John IV. of Portugal), 



.rf by s^ Udia.; wpportrn, including 0ienl Cihrent [CABRERA.] 

 IB Spain U probably *trragth*n*d tho b.nds of the Queen ; and the 



I iMag In favour of th* Count de Montemolin was easily 

 I)oa Carlo* WM permitted in 1847 to remove to Trieste, 

 naintd in itriet retirement to his death, March 10th, 1855. 

 CAKLYLB, THOMAS, a thinker and writer oonfenedly among 

 Ik* no* original and influential that Britain ha. .produced, wa* born 

 IB UM pariah of Middlebie, near th* village of Ecclefechan, in Dura- 

 fllmhlii. Scotland, on th* 4th of December 1795. His father, a man 

 of remark. hi* fore, of character, WM a .mall farmer in comfortable 

 <B**OBMUM** ; hi* mother wa* ahn no ordinary person. The eldest 

 OB of oooia>rable family, he received an education the beet in it* 

 kind that flintMBil Mold then afford the education of a piou* and 



nilinlll borne, mpplonmited by that of *chool and college. 



(Aaotber aoo of the family, Dr. John A. Carlyle, a younger brother 

 of TtionMa, WM edBcated in a aimilar manner, and, after practising 

 far many yean a* a physician in Germany and Rome, has recently 

 LIIOSHI known fa British literature a* the author of the best prose 

 i of Dante.) After a few yean .pent at the ordinary parish 

 WM sent, in hi* thirteenth or fourteenth year, to the 

 I of UM neighbouring town of Annan ; and here it wa* 

 I bo In* BliMBI aoqnainUd with a man de.tined, like him*elf, to 

 a oar**r of great otlobrtty. " Th* flnt time I *aw Edward Irving," 

 wnU. Mr. CariyU In 1836, " was six-aud-twenty yean ago, in hi* 

 Baliv* tows. Annan. H* wa* frwh from Edinburgh, with college 

 priMs, high character, and promise ; be had come to *ee our school- 

 BMtor. who bad abo beon hi*. W* heard of famed profenon- 

 of hi** matter*. CBHslaal. mathematioal-a whole Wonderland of 

 kBOwUf* ; nothing hat Joy. health, hopefulnea. without end, looked 

 Ml ftwn UM biooBriBf jrooBg man.' Irving wa. then .ixteen yean of 

 *C-Cv<yU fMtt*M; and from that time till Irving', uul and pre- 

 Mtar* O*B|B UM two wtr* intimate and oonatant friend*. It was not 

 loBf Won 0*rlylo followJ Irving to that "Wonderland of know- 

 Mrs* the UarmaHy of Edinborgh, of which, and It* "famed pro 

 fcsM*V bo had nerfved moh tldtaf*. If the d*wription of the 

 B*BM*M Oonaaa BalvenHy howonr hi 'Sartor Roiartus' i* to be 

 upp*M< M allwive ak to Mr. Carlyl*'* own rammiMraoM of bin 

 ' Bdiabarfb, I* wem* afterwards to have held the more 

 part of that training In no very high respect 

 of eontrovonial CMtaphytie, etymology, and 

 itfeo, faltly named *dnio*, WM current there," 

 i J - 1 ludewl loamod bettor pvrhan* than most' ' 

 . , th. profeworof "oootrovenUl m.Uphyiric" In Car- 

 lyU . day WM Dr. Tboma* Brown, Dogald Stewart having then just 

 tir. ; phy*l aoWue. sd tnths.n*57wr reprstrotod by Play- 

 Mr mi Hr Job. MM. and nl.s^eal *todi M by men I*M known to 

 WMh a! ottBM, CartyU'. ifteU boot, *o far a* the work of 

 i* to bar* been to mathematics *nd 

 rather by hi* voluntary studies tnd 

 clM*M. that Mr. Carlyl* In his 

 and varied knowledge. The 

 _ ntnxb OT*T about half the yrar from 



KsMMr to Aprfl ; and doriog toon month, th. ooH>f* library, and 

 MMT *Mk Uhrario* M won *oe-mbU, wsjn laid under contribution 

 by USB to an ctMrt till ' 

 <lBJs.it Worn OB 



VM COOOmMQf *V9mi4 %O I 



fJBUtnl phflisiyhy. Bat K WM rathe 



B^BiMM- BtiU4 fmm Ah SB B>p4t / V. 

 sTV^H**^^ fMBT* irWH MfV WWK Of UM 



.BAk UnVI tKa* iVftBlBM^sBtldMa / II 

 y*^. tV^m lw **wiBV<TABTA|BB WBJ BIB TW* 



BtilMSMSMBfa BdtwbBMh Strnd. 



btstOtiMOf all.,JM,Md 



IMB hardly panll*Ud by any Scottish 

 and mathematios, works on philooophy, 

 tUgnMClsBiioiof BritUh literature, wen 

 ly or in orderly (oooswion; and it wa* at 

 thi. ptfiod abo. if w. an not mUtaken, b* commenced his atudle.- 



SZ7 l tm t iE l " 8 * oU * l><I ~ ta "** <brri n kn n " * modm 



were the summer vaoatiuu. employed, during which he gonerally 

 returned to hi* father'* home in Dumfriesshire, or rambled among 

 the hiJU and moor, of that neighbourhood. 



Mr. Carlyle had begun hi. studir. with a view to entering th* 

 Scottish Church. About tho time however when the** .tudie* were 

 nearly ended, and when, according to the ordinary routine, he might 

 hare become a preacher, a change of view* induced him to abandon 

 the intended profession. ThU appear* to have been about the year 

 1819 or 1820, when he wa* twenty-four yean of ago, Kor some tune, 

 he Mem* to hare been uncertain a* to his future course. Along with 

 Irving, he employed himself for a year or two as a teacher in Fifeahire; 

 but, gradually it became clear to him that his true vocation wa* that 

 of literature. Accordingly, parting from Irving about the year 1822, 

 the younger Scot of Aunandale deliberately embraced the alternative 

 open to him, and became a general man of letter*. Probably few have 

 ever embraced that profession with qualification* ao wide, or with 

 aim* *o high and severe. Apart altogether from hi* diligence in 

 learning, and from the extraordinary amount of acquired knowledge of 

 all kind, which wa* the fruit of it, there had been remarked in him 

 from the fint a itrong originality of character, a noble earu<-tne*s and 

 fervour in all that ho aaid or did, and a vein of inherent constitutional 

 contempt for the mean and the frivolous, inclining him, in >ome 

 degree, to a life of isolation and solitude. Add to thin, that his 

 acquaintance with German literature in particular had familiarised him 

 with idea., modes of thinking, and types of literary character, not then 

 generally known in this country, and yet, in hi* opinion, more deserving 

 of being known than much of a corresponding kind that was occupying 

 and ruling British thought 



The fint period of Sir. Carlyle'a literary life may be laid to extend 

 from 1822 to 1827, or from hi* twenty-sixth to his thirty-second year. 

 It wa* during tliis period that he produced (beside* a translation of 

 Legeudre'i 'Geometry,' to which he prefixed an 'Essay on Proportion') 

 hi* numerous well-known translation* from German writers, and al*o 

 hia ' Life of Schiller.' The latter and a considerable proportion of the 

 former were written by him during the leisure afforded him by an 

 engagement ho had formed in 1 823 H* tutor to Charles Duller, who** 

 subsequent brilliant tbough brief career in the politic* of Britain gives 

 interest to this connection. The first part of the ' Life of > 

 appeared originally in the ' London Magazine,' of which John Scott 

 wa* editor, and Ha/Jitt, Charles Lamb, Allan Cunningham, De guincey, 

 and Hood, were the best known supporters; and the second and third 

 part* were published in the same magazine in 1824. In this year 

 appeared also the translation of Qothe's ' Wilhelm Meister,' which 

 wa* published by Measr*. Oliver and Itoyd of K.iiiilnnvh, without the 

 translator's name. This translation, the first real introduction of 

 Uuthe to the reading world of Great Britain, attracted much notice. 

 " The translator," said a critic in Black wood,' " is, we understand, a 

 young gentleman in this city, who now for the first time appears 

 before the public. We congratulate him on his very promising ittbut; 

 and would fain hope to receive a series of really good transitions from 

 hi* hand, lie lias evidently a perfect knowledge of German : he 

 already write* Kugh'sh bettor than i* at all common, even at this time; 

 and we know no exercise more likely to produce effect* of permanent 

 advantage upon a young mind of intellectual ambition." The advice 

 here given to Mr. Carlyle by his critic was followed by him in so for 

 that in 1827 he published in Edinburgh hi* ' Specimen* of German 

 Itomanoe,' in four volume* one of thane containing, ' Wilhelm Meister'* 

 Wanderjahre,' a* a fn-ah specimen of Gothe; the other* containing 

 tale, from Jean Paul, Tieck, MIIMUUH, and lloil'mann. Meanwhile, in 

 1825, Mr. Carlyle had reviled and enlarge.] his ' Life of Schiller,' and 

 given it to the world in a separate form through the prea* of Messrs. 

 Taylor and Heuey, the proprietor, of the ' London Magazine.' In the 

 ,. ,~,r quitting hi. tutorship of Charles Buller, he had married a 



laity fitted in a pre-eminent degree to be the wife of such a man. 

 (H is interesting to know that Mrs. Carljle, originally Miss Welch, i 

 a limal defendant of the Scottish Iteformer Knox.) For some time 

 after the marriage Mr. Carlyla continued to reiide in Edinburgh ; but 

 before 1817 he removed to Craigenputtoch, a small property in the 

 most solitary part of Uumfrieasliirc. 



The eoond period of Mr. Carlyle's literary life, extending from 1827 

 to 1884, or from his thirty-second to his thirty-ninth year, was the 

 period of the fint decided manifestations of his extraordinary originality 

 a. a thinker. Probably the very seclusion in which he lived helped 

 to develop* in stronger proportion* hi* native and peculiar tendencies. 

 The following account of hi* place and mode of life at this time was 

 sent by him in 1823 to Gothe, with whom he was then in correspond- 

 ence, and wa* published by the great German in the preface to a German 

 translation of the ' Life of Schiller' executed under his immediate core : 



" I iiirufrie* i* a pleasant town, containing about fifU-en thousand 

 inhabitant*, and to be conidered the centre of the trade and judicial 

 system of a district which posnenes some importance in the sphere of 

 Scottish activity. Our residence is not in tho town itself, hut i 

 mile* to the north-weit of it, among the granite hills and the black 

 morasses which stretch westward through Galloway almost to the Irish 

 Sea. In this wilderness of hrath and rock our estate stands forth it 

 green oasis, a tract of ploughed, partly inclosed and planted ground, 

 where corn ripens and tree* afford a shade, although surrounded l.y 

 and rougb-wooled sheep. Here, with no small effort, have 



