CARTER, ELIZABETH. 



MARCUS AURELIU* 



100 



Ued pearly twrlve yet* 

 waa arrested nder a : 



Again in 1744 



of favouring the expected 

 He died 'near Abingdon in 1754. 

 80 far as great labour and indefatigable reaearcb constitute an 

 bito*i*^ Caret may lay claim to that character. Hi. work, cooaist of 

 ""tm of ThuatMa,' in 7 vola. fol ; a Life of James, Duke of 

 ,,' in J vola. foL, and 4 vola. fol , of the ' HUtorv of England,' 

 it down to UM yew 1654. Beaides pamphlet* and some 

 r work*, be likewise publitbed at Paris a Catalogue, in French, of 

 , Norman, and French Rolls, preterv.d in tho Tower of 

 His manuacripu are prewired in the Bodleian Library at 

 Oxford. 



CARTKi:. ELIZABETH, wa* UM daughter of Dr. Nichols. Carter, 

 an eminent Latin, Greek, and Hebrew scholar, on* of the six preacher. 

 In CeaArrbury cathedral, and perpetual curate of Deal in Kent, where 

 U* lUe^ter BteoeUt wa. born December 18, 1717. Her mother, a 

 of UM name of Swayne, waa supposed to have 

 I her life by repining over the lot* of her fortune, which had 

 beaoinvreted in the South Sea Stock. Elisabeth was educated by her 

 (tber. who made no dieUnotioo bet ween her and her brothers. Though 

 alow at Ant, ahe afterward, mad* rapid progrea* in the learned 

 Unguajcem. to which ah* added Italian, German, Spanish, and French : 

 ah* acquired the btt in the botue of a Protestant refugee minister, 

 and UM three former by her own exertions. Her proficiency in theae 

 (todi** did not lead Ur to neglect needlework, mu.ic, or the other 

 aooompliahmente common to her eex. Miss Carter's earliest produc- 

 i appeared in the ' Gentleman'. Magaiine ' under the signature of 

 to. In 1738 ah* pnbliabed tome poem* in a very thin quarto 

 volume, which won succeeded in the year following by a translation 

 of eome atrietauvc by Crotues on Pope's ' Kasay on Man.' In the asm* 

 year at* translated from the Italian of Algarotti ' An Explanation of 

 Newton's Philosophy, for the U** of Ledie*, in Six Dialogue* on Sight 

 and Colours.' Then publications appearing before their author waa 

 twenty-two gave her immediate celebrity, and brought her into 

 eonesyomltiiK with most of the learned of that'day. Among others 

 may be mentioned Bishop Butler, tlie author of the ' Analogy ;' Dr. 

 Tleiicn, bishop of Qloueeater, and Archbishop Seeker; Dr. Johnson, 

 Sir Joshua Reynolds, and Burke, In the midst of her literary occu- 

 pations ah* undertook the teak of entirely educating her youngest 

 brother for the university, and performed it to a* to merit the 

 nnmahim of hi* examiner, upon his admission. During her intervals 

 of leirare the translated Epictetus for the amusement of her friend 

 HUB Talbot, to whom the sheets were sent aa they were finished, and 

 shown to Archbishop Seeker, who took an interest in tbe progress of 

 the work. In oomplianci with the wishes of her friends she sent her 

 n to UM press, and on its publication the library journal. 

 and abroad wer* full of her praise. Dr. Johnson availed 

 himself of her pen for a paper (No 44) for the ' Rambler.' Of her 

 learning he thought so highly a* to say, when speaking of an eminent 

 scholar, that "he understood Greek better than any one whom 

 he had ever known rxcept Elisabeth Carter." This learned lady was 

 never married. She lirrd to the age of eighty-nine, having died in 

 1606, leavin: behind her a character adorned by finer qualities than even 

 the** of a I. iictily -culti rated understanding. ( Pennington, Mrmoin.) 



CARTERKT, PHILIP, a naval officer, who commanded the 

 'Swallow,' which sailed on the 22ud of August 1706 on a voyage of 

 discovery to UM South Sea*, under tbe orders of Captain Wallis, who 

 ailed In the ' Dolphin." The Swallow ' being a bad sailer, the two 

 ships were unable to keep company, and were at last parted in a gale 

 of wind. Captain Carteref* vo\ age may therefore be considered as a 

 (pirate expedition, and several interesting geographical discoveries 

 were the result Be arrived in England on the 20th of February, 

 1709, after an absence of two yean and a half. An account of his 

 voyage I* given by Dr. Hawkaworth in the introduction to his ' Nnrra- 

 Uve of Captain Cook . First Voyage,' 

 :TK8. DB& jDw C*TsO 



TWHIOHT, EDMUND, was born on the 24th of April 1748, 



at Marnham, in UM county of Nottingham. Hi. family was ancient 



d highly rwpectsUa, and had raftered in it* fortune on account of 



it. attecbaMnt to the cau*e of Charles I. Edmund Cartwright received 



the early part of hi* education at Wak*fild, and being intended for 



AojtaBtb, h* afterward* went to Univenity College Oxford, and waa 



elected a Fellow of Magdalen Coll*... H. afterwaras held the living 



Bramptoo. near Cheeterneld, and subsequently be removed to the 



Ooedbjy Marwood in LeioMtenhire. H. wrote some poetical 



, . ^*L. P "?i?Sl. . & own ***** ^"dary poem, entitled 

 1 ArasinU and Krira,' which waa received with much favour, and soon 

 p****d through tereral edition*. He wrote alto the' Prino* of Peace' 



* tk "M*"* 11 ^ **" '' ?* *** ' or * OOD " idrt l> l e Unie a 

 ' Iteview. The duti** of his calling were 

 literary oorrespondenoe with several eminent 



In the 



of 1784, 



daring a vUt at Matlock, happening to 

 f""" *-ter. convUatlotiturned 



Dr. Oartwrighf. attention 



direction of iU powera, enabled him by the following April to bring 

 I U flnt power-loom into action, which, though an extremely rude 

 machine, aoon received many valuable improvemauta, Ita flnt intro- 

 duction waa oppoaed both by manufacturer! and their workmen, owing 

 to variout prejudice. ; and a mill containing 500 of hi. loo ma, the tint 

 which had been erected, waa wilfully burnt down. In 1818 there 

 were not more than 2300 power-looma in the United Kingdom. In 

 fact, when firat introduced, and before various improvements were 

 made in it, the machine wat acaroely equivalent in ita reculta to 

 manual labour. It U scarcely ueceaaary to say that the power-loom U 

 now in almost univenal use. In April 1790, Dr. Cartwright took out 

 a ]>atent for combing wool ; altogether he obtained ten different patent, 

 for invention, and improvements of various kinds. In 1807 a number 

 of the principal cotton-.pinucn memorialised the government on 

 behalf of Dr. Cartwright, who had hitherto reaped little advantage 

 from tbe exercise of his inventive talent*. He alao petitioned the 

 legislature himself in support of his claims; and in 1809 parliament 

 granted him 10,000k for " the good eervioe he had rendered the public 

 by his invention of weaving." This waa a smaller sum than he had 

 ex|nded on bis projects, but it enabled him to pass the remainder of 

 his days in ease and comfort. He died on the 30th of October 1823, 

 in the eighty-first year of liis age. 



CARTNVIIIGHT, JOHN, brother of the preceding, was born at 

 Marnham in 1740, and entered the navy at an early age. In 1774 he 

 published 'Letter, oil American Independence; ' aud though at 

 to hi. profession he declined taking part in the struggle which ensued 

 between the mother country and the North American oolonie.'. In 

 1775 he received a major's commission in the Nottinghamshire militia, 

 an appointment which tbe ministry regarded with displeasure. Thu 

 attainment of annual parliaments aud universal suffrage became the 

 object of his exertions ; and to further this end he was active in 

 establishing the ' Society for Constitutional Information,' aud in 

 co-operating with Tooke, Hardy, Thelwall, and other advocates of 

 reform. He was a witness on tbe trial of the above individuals ; and 

 in 1819 wan himself the object of an ex-oftk-io prosecution for having 

 with othen taken steps for procuring a ' legislatorial attorney ' to be 

 returned to parliament for the then unrepresented town of Birming- 

 ham. His name is Ultimately connected with the early history of the 

 question of parliamentary reform. He possessed considerable intelli- 

 gence and ingenuity, and was the author of several useful projects, 

 and a number of pamphlets and occasional addressee. Though i 

 ing bis commission in the navy, he was invariably called Mnjoi 

 wright. He died on the 23rd of September, 1S24, and would have 

 completed his eighty-fourth year on the 28th. A bronce statue haa 

 been erected to his memory in Burton-crcecent, London, by contribu- 

 tions from his admirers and friends. 



(Life and Correipondtnct of Major Cartwriyht, edited by his niece, 

 F. U. Cartwright, 2 vol.. Svo, London, 1826.) 



CAKTWR1GHT, WILLIAM, barn in 1811, was the eon of a person 

 who, after having possessed a good estate, hod sunk to the station of 

 an innkeeper at Cirenci ster. He was educated at Westminster and 

 Oxford; and, taking order*, received in 1042 an appointment in the 

 church of Salisbury. In the same year he was one of the council of 

 war named by the University of Oxford ; and early in 1643 he bocnrue 

 junior proctor and reader in metaphysics. He died in that year of a 

 malignant fever, then epidemic in Oxford. Although Cartwright thus 

 died before having completed his thirty-second year, he had attained 

 high reputation both for learning and for genius. Precocity, rather 

 than strength, must have been tho quality which gained for him Ben 

 Jonton's commendation, " My son Cartwright writes all like a man." 

 A collected edition of his 'Comedies, Tragi-Comedies, and other 

 Poems' sppeared in 1647, and again in 1651. The miscellaneous 

 poems which the volume contains are much inferior in merit to the 

 four play., one of which, ' The Ordinary,' has very justly received a 

 place in the collection firat published by Dodslev. 



CA'RDS, MARCUS AURELIUS, prefect of "the prtotorium under 

 the emperor Probut, succeeded him by the nomination of the soldier?, 

 after they had murdered Probus (A.D. 282) in his camp near Sirmiuin, 

 in the Iliyricum. Cams was a native of Narbo, an old Roman colony, 

 and as such he prided himself in being a Roman citizen by birth. 

 (See his letter to the senate announcing his nomination, in Yupiscus, 

 'Historia Augusta,') He mode war against the Sarmations, and 

 defeated them. He marched next against tho Persian! (A.D. 283), and 



nrltinh Museum. 



Coin of Carui. 

 Actual lUc. Gold. 



Weight 75 grain.. 



took with him his younger son Numerianus, leaving his elder son 

 Carinua to rule over Italy and tho other provinces of the west in hi* 

 absence. Carus overran Mesopotamia, and conquered Seleucia and 

 Ctesiphon, after which, as he wa* encamped beyond the Tigris, a great 



