II r: .x. BUK , 



CASS, GENERAL LEWIS. 



101 



He Ml in manuscript Ili.toria General de las India*,' in 3 parts or 

 wlaswas in which he treats of the discovery, conquest, and subsequent 

 ia the New World, as far as the year 1520. This work 

 _ been published. The first two volumes, in hie own hand- 

 . are preserved in the library of the Royal Academy of History, 

 aod the third ia the royal library at Madrid. - In this work," says 

 Navarre**. " Las Casaa has displayed a vast erudition, mixed however 

 with a disregard for temperance and discrimination. He bad access 

 to many criminal documents, which be has carefully copied or ex- 

 tracted, and far this he it entitled to the highest confidence. He was 

 also irisart at several of tha early expeditions aad conquests, and for 

 then his authority has been followed by Herrera and others. He 

 dose not however dsssrn the same credit when he speaks from hear- 

 say, as ha (iniifsssii that be wrote both what he bad seen and what he 

 had not aren but heard during sixty yean of his life, which he passed 

 chiefly in the New World, and it ia no wonder that his memory should 

 fail him at tines, to as to confound events and dates." 



CASAUBON, ISAAC, one of the moat learned men of his age, was 

 born at Genera, on the 6th of February 1559. His father aod mother, 

 Arnold Casanbon and Jeanne Roaaeau, were native* of the Dauphine, 

 aod retired to Geneva to avoid a religious persecution. They returned 

 however after th* persecution ceased to Crest, a small town of Dau- 

 rhlni. of which Arnold was appointed minister, and here young 

 Caaaaboo studied under hit father until his nineteenth year, when he 

 went to Switzerland to hear the lectures of Francis Portus, a Cretan, 

 who was then professor of Greek at Lausanne, and whom he succeeded 

 on his death in IMS. In 1586 he married Florence, daughter of Henry 

 Btepbsiis, the celebrated scholar and printer. About 1591 he waa 

 involved in serious pecuniary difficulties from having been surety in a 

 large sum of money for an Englishman named Wotton (probably the 

 well-known Sir Henry, who afterwards brought Caaaubon to England), 

 and though Joseph Soaliger and some other friends assisted him, he 

 waa much straitened in his circumstances by this loss, and either this 

 or the morose Bias of his father-in-law induced h.im to accept an oiler 

 of the Greek |nfesaorihi[i at Montpellier. He removed to Montpellier 

 in the Utter end of 1590, and commenced his duties in the February 

 of the following year. In 1699 Henri IV. sent for him to Paris, and 

 in tha following year appointed him one of the Protestant judges in 

 the controversy between Du Perron, bishop of Evreux, and Dn 

 Plesnie Momsy. In 1603 be succeeded Qosaelin as bead librarian to 

 the kins;. The Catholics made many attempts to gain so distinguished 

 a convert ; but then does not seem to be any reason for concluding 

 that they had even partial succeaa, although it was given out that be 

 had wavered in a conference with I >u Perron. The death of Henri IV., 

 fat 1610, rendered his stay in France neither safe nor profitable; and, 



having obis 



i from the Queen of France, he gladly went 



over to England with Sir Henry Wottou, the English ambassador. 

 James I. received him with great distinction, and employed him in 

 writing a confutation of Baroniua. Casanbon was appointed pre- 

 bendary of Canterbury and Westminster, and had also a pension of 

 MOt He died on the 1st of July 1614, and was interred in West- 

 minster Abbey, where a monument was erected to his memory. His 

 chief works are the following : 1. ' Strabo,' with Commentaries, 

 Ueoeva, 1687 ; reprinted with additions, Paris, 1620, fol. 2. ' Aristo- 

 UU* Opera,' with marginal notes, Geneva, 1605, foL 8. 'Theophrasti 

 Cbaraoteros.' Lugd. 1592, 12mo ; the beat edition is the third, printed 

 at I .yon in 1012. 4. 'Suetonii Opera,' with an excellent commentary, 

 Ueoeva, 15M, 4to; best edition Lutet, 1610, fol. 5. ' Athenwus.' 

 Lugd, 1600, fol; Lugd., 1612, fol. 6. Persii Satyr*,' Lutet., 1605, 

 Svo. 7. ' De Sstyrica Onvoorum Poesi,' Lutet, 1605, Svo. 8. 'Polybii 

 opera,' LuUt. 100V, foL ; the dedication to Henri IV. is much admired. 

 9. ExordtaUones contra Baroninm,' London, 1614, fol. 



CASAUBON, MI.IUC, son of Isaac, was born at Geneva on the 

 lltb August 1599. He was educated first at Sedan; then under a 

 private tutor in England, whither he came along with his father, and 

 la 1614 or 1616 he was seat to Christ Church College, Oxford, and 

 elected student of that foundation. He took bis degree of M.A. on 

 toe 14th June 1621, and in the same year published a defence of his 

 father aad the Protestant faith against the Catholics, entitled ' Pietas 

 contra Maledicoe Patrii Nominis et Religioni* Hostes;' and three 

 Tears afterwards be published another vindication of his father in 

 Latin, written by the command of King James. Bishop Andrews 

 presented him to the living of Bledon, in Somersetshire, in 1624. In 

 16SS Archbishop Land made him prebendary of Canterbury and rector 

 oflckbam; and in 1636 be was created D.D. by the University of 

 Oxford at the command of Charles I., who was then residing at that 

 univanity. The civil war deprived him of all his preferments, and he 

 lived la retirement till the Restoration, notwithstanding many advan- 

 afsoua offer* from Cromwell, who endeavoured in 1649 to induce 

 Caesuban to write a history of the war, which he declined doing : and 

 from Qaeen CbrUUna of Sweden, who offered him the government of 

 one, or the superintendence of all the universities in her kingdom. 

 At the Restoration he was restored to all his ecclesiastical preferments, 

 and continued to employ himself in writing till hia death, 14th July 

 1671. He was buried in Canterbury Cathedral. He bad several 

 children by bis wife, whom be married in 1651, and who brought him 

 a Rwd fortune. Hi* son John was a surgeon at Canterbury. His 

 worts, though numerous, are no 1 , of great value. In his book on 



' Credulity and Incredulity ' (London, 166S, Svo ; second part, London, 

 1670, Svo), he maintained the existence of witches and familiar 

 spirits. 



CASES, LAa [LAS CASK.] 



CAS1MIU I., son of MiccUlaus II., king of Poland, was a minor at 

 his father's death in 1034. Hia mother Kikscha, neice of the Eni| > ror 

 Otbo III., assumed the regency, but the Poles being dissatisfied with 

 her government, she waa obliged to fly with her son into Germany, 

 from whence Casimir proceeded to France, where he entered the 

 Beuedictiue order of ClunL In 1041 he was recalled by his subjects, 

 who prevailed on the Pope Benedict IX. to absolve him from hiu 

 vows, upon which he married Maria, sister of Jaroslaw, grand duke 

 of Russia. Casimir defeated the Bohemians, and took Silesia from 

 them. He founded a bishopric at Breelau. Ho did much to civilise 

 the Poles, and be introduced among them his former brethren tin' 

 Benedictines of ClunL After a reign of eighteen yean, he died in 

 1058, and was succeeded by his son Boleslas II., styled 'the Bold.' 



Mill II., younger son of Boleslas III., succeeded his 1.. 

 Miccislaus III., who waa deposed by the nobles for his tyrannical 

 conduct in 1177. He defeated the Prussians, who were then heathens, 

 and were very troublesome neighbours to the Poles, and he obliged 

 them to adopt the Christian faith. He died in 1194, and was succeeded 

 by his son Lesko V. 



CASIMIK III., called < the Great,' succeeded his father Wladislas in 

 1333. He conquered the Russians and annexed the greater part of 

 their country to the crown of Polaud : he also defeated the Bohemians. 

 He married Anne, daughter of Qedemin, grand duke of Lithuania, 

 and died in 1370, leaving no issue. lu him the mole hue of Piast, 

 which had held the crown of Poland since 820, became extinct. 

 Lewis, king of Hungary, the son of Casimir's sister, succeeded him ou 

 the throne of Poland. 



CASIMIR IV. was the second son of Jagello, grand duke of 

 Lithuania, who married Hedwige, daughter of King Lewis, and thus 

 became king of Poland under the name of Wladislas IV. Casimir 

 succeeded to the crowns of Poland and Lithuania after the death of 

 his brother Wladislas V., who lost his life in the battle of Varna 

 against the Ottomans in 1444. Casimir mode war against tho 

 Teutonic knights, and took from them a great part of Prussia ; upon 

 which the grand master of tho order acknowledged himself a vassal 

 to the crown of Poland. The duke of Wallachia also about the same 

 time made allegiance to the Polish crown. It was under Casimir that 

 the deputies of the provinces first appeared at the Diet of the kingdom 

 of Poland. (Puffandorf.) This was the epoch of the greatest splendour 

 of that country. Wladislas, son of Casimir, was made king of Bohemia 

 and of Hungary. Casimir died in 1492, and was succeeded by hia 

 second son John Albert. It was Casimir who enforced the use of 

 Latin as the official language of Poland. 



CASIMIR V., son of Sigismund III., was elected king of Poland 

 after the death of his brother Wladislas VII. in 1647. Casimir was 

 then at Rome, where he hod entered the church, and had become a 

 cardinal. Having obtained a dispensation from the pope, he married 

 Luisa Maria Gonxaga, his brother's widow. He made war against the 

 Cossacks and against tho Russians, with various success. Casimir 

 waa attacked by Charles Gustavus, king of Sweden, who overran a 

 great part of Poland, and defeated the Poles in a great battle near 

 \Vnrsaw. By the peace of Oliva in 1660 Poland gave up Livonia to 

 the Swedes, and Smolensk and Kiew to the Russians. Casimir, seeing 

 bis subjects dissatisfied, abdicated the crown in 1667. He retired to 

 France, where Louis XIV. gave him the abbacy of St. Germain des 

 Pros, and other benefices. He died at Nevers in 1672. Casimir V. 

 was the hut representative of the house of Jagello. 



CASS, GENERAL LEWIS, was born at Exeter, New Hampshire, 

 United States, in the latter part of the last century. Ho was educated 

 for the law, but quitted that profession for the army, and having 

 obtained a commission, served in 1812 in the expedition against Canada. 

 He had not the fortune to be engaged in any actual encounter, but ho 

 was included in the army surrendered by General Hull to the English. 

 Shortly afterwards he was released on an exchange of prisoners ; rose 

 rapidly to the rank of general of brigade, and had the charge of 

 defending a portion of the frontier. After the cessation of hostilities 

 he was elected governor of Michigan, in which state he had settled. 

 In 1831 General Jackson appointed him secretary of war, an office 

 which ho subsequently exchanged for that of envoy extraordinary and 

 minister plenipotentiary to France. Here he mode himself conspicuous 

 by various letters be published in the newspapers, and the publicity 

 he gave to his somewhat strong opinions. His estimate, n very high 

 one, of Louis Philippe and his policy, he gave to the world in a work 

 entitled ' Prance, ita King, Court, and Government.' Disapproving of 

 the foreign policy of President HarrUon, General Cass resigned his 

 office and returned to America, and immediately took a prominent 

 part in tho political proceedings of the States. lie was understood to 

 aim at the presidential seat, and he was put in nomination for tha 

 election of 1844, but was not returned by tho convention. General 

 Case is now a senator for the state of Michigan ; and takes a foremost 

 place among the speakers ia the senate. Ho belongs to what is termed 

 the democratic party, and is noted rather for the passionate ardour of 

 his partizanship than for the comprehensiveness or soundness of hi< 

 judgment. He is a determined defender of tho institution of slavery, 



