

AUKY, ARTHUR. 



CECIL, WILLIAM. 



1M 



rkM by aad most BOOM prynens* Margaret ntoder unt* our wuerayn 

 ler* * Kjaf (Henry Vil.) by ihdr moat bumble subget and 

 svoaoat Wil&am Caxton." Then i* no date in the book, bat it u 

 Mad ia UM MuMoa eatelogue that UM type reecmbUs that of 

 Chiton's Virgil' of 1490, This uniqoe volume was purchased by the 

 Mo*rom ia IBM of Mr. Pickering UM bookwller. 



U UM 'Archaologia,' voL 31 for 1844. U a paper by J. Winter 

 Jonea. bo* UM pmeat Keeper of UM Printed Book* at the British 

 Mama, on two volaawa in the Museum collection, one called 

 MedtealoM aor le* Bept Paeaulmes Peoitenciaulx,' the other, a French 

 version of UM 'Cordial* siv* d* quatuor Noviasimw,' which Mr. Jon.-* 

 shows to be ia Oaxtoo's types, and to have is*ud in all probability 

 from the preat of Caxton. Neither of the** volume, appear to have 

 MM known to any previous bibliographer. 



Dr. Dibdia h** Included, among the printed work* of Caxton, 

 OUTIM hi. Book* of MeUmorphaee, translated and fynysshed by me 

 William Caxton at Wectmeetre the xxij. day of Apryll, the yen of 

 oar lard M-iiij.C.iiij". And the xx yen of the regne of Kyng 

 Rdward the fourth? bat it remain* in manuscript only, aa far as ia 

 know*, in UM Pepyaian collection now deposited in Magdalen College, 

 Cambridge, and ootMste of the but five books of the ' Metamorphoses ' 



the two largeat Mwmblsge* of the productions from Caxton's press 

 now known are thoee in the British Museum, and in Earl Spencer's 

 library at Althorp. The title* given in the present article have been 

 rrrllslH with the book* in the former of these collections. 



(Lewis, Lift of Canton, 8vo, London, 1737 ; Uldyt's account of him 

 in UM Buyrtfltia Brilmnita ; Warton, Hal. Kngl. Poetry ; the first 

 M of Dibdil 



Dibdm'i edit of Ames'* Typogr. Atittriuitir* ; Chalmers, 

 Biff. Diet. ; Knight, William Casio* : a Biography.) 



CATLKV, ARTHUR, mathematician, was born on the 16th of 

 August 1821, at Richmond, Surrey. He became a student in Trinity 

 College, Cambridge, where be took hi* B.A. degree, and was Senior 

 Wrangler and First Smith's Prizeman, in 1842. In the same year he 

 wa* cwcted a Fellow of the college. He afterwards studied for the 

 law. and was called to the bar in 1849. 



Mr. Cayley ha* devoted himself to researches in the higher branches 

 of mathematica. Hi* papers on various subjects of pure mathematics 

 an printed in the ' Cambridge,' the ' Cambridge and Dublin,' and 

 'Quarterly' Mathematical Journal*. He is one of the four editors of 

 the Utter. In 1852 Mr. Cayley communicated a paper to the Royal 

 Society, ' Analytical Researches connected with Steiner's Extension of 

 Malfatti's Problem,' which was published in the 'Philosophical Trans- 

 action*,' and in the same year he was elected a Fellow of the society. 

 Tb* general notion of a byperdeterminant wa* first established by his 

 paper* 'On the Theory of Linear Transformations.' ('Camb. Math. 

 Jcmrn.,' voL iv. ; and ' Camb. and Dub. Math. Joum.,' voL i.) This 

 theory form* part of the subject ' Quantics,' defined by him as the 

 tin abject of rational and integral functions, and of the equations 

 and led to which the** give run, and now being developed by him in 

 a arric* of hixbly important paper* in the ' Philosophical Transactions 

 of UM Royal !-ocirty.' Mr. Cayley is also the author of papers in the 

 4 Cambridge Philosophical Transactions,' the ' Philosophical Magazine,' 

 aad in the two well-known foreign periodicals, Liouviile's 'Journal de 

 Uathenatiqnee,' and 'Crelle's 'Journal fiir die reine und angewandte 

 Malbctnatik.' H* is at present a member of the Council of the Royal 



t'A YLUW, COUNT, was born at Paris in 1692. He entered the 

 army in hi* youth, and made *ome campaigns in Catalonia and in 

 Germany. After the peace of Rastedt, he turned his attention entirely 

 to the one art*, and went to Italy for the purpose of studying them. 

 He afterwards went to Couatantinoplo and Asia Minor, and visited the 

 ruin* of Kpbecus and Colophon. On hi* return to France, he applied 

 hinillf to engrave aad illustrate the cameo* and other stones of the 

 king's cabinet, and to superintend the publication of the fine work, 



Pbrra* grarce* du Cabinet du Hoi,' in 2 vols. folio, descriptive of 

 that collection. He also published engravings of the medals of the 

 KOBMB Emperor, belonging to the tame collection : ' Numismata 

 anna Imperatoram Rotnanurnm e Cimelio Regis Christtanissimi.' In 

 1731 he was nude a member of the Academy of Sculpture and 

 PatnUafc upon which be wrote tb* live* of tb* most celebrated painters 

 aad scvlpton who had belonged to that wcicty. He caused the 



rawing* of Santo llartoli, of Rome, which are representations of 

 teat painting* and mosaic*, and form a very valuable collection of 

 acfaat wt, to be engraved and coloured. 'Recueil de peintures 

 atioM* tail*** AdoleoMBt pour lei couleura et pour le trait d'aprts 

 ! Inntoi eofcrios bit* par P. Han to Bart oil,' fol., Paris, 1767. The 

 engraving, an beautifully executed, lie celebrated mosaic pavement 

 of PaUetriaa I* among them. In 1742 ho was made a member of the 

 tion*, for which he wrote numerous memoirs on 

 , on ancient painting*, on the Egyptian obelisks, 

 '* P*W H ** " collected numerous antique*, and 

 pMMisij I UM i rwuit of hi. InvertigaUon* in hi. great work. ' Recueil 

 .1 AirUquiM. KgypUennra, FAnuqoea, Onoquen, Romainw.et Gaulowe*,' 

 7 vob. 4to. The UH vohlBM wa* published in 1767, after hi* death ; 

 K contain* a biographical notice of the author, by Le Beau. Caylus 

 wroto al*o Konvraax Htijete de Prinlure et Sculpture,' 1'Jmo, 1765 ; 



Memoir. MT U Peiatan k 1'Encaustiqur,' 8vo, 1705, which is n 



revival of the method of encaustic painting; of the ancient*. He found 



out the means of incorporating the colour with stone, Caylus wroto 



aeveral novels, which have no very great merit He died at Paris in 



1766. He was a warm, and, a* far as it was in hi* power, a liberal 



promoter of the art* ; extremely disinterested himself, he sought out 



tnd aaaistod indigent talent He left his rich collection of antiquities 



to the King's Museum. In 1805 a compilation of memoranda wa* 



lublished, under the title of 'Souvenirs du Comte de Caylus,' 



vola, 12mo. 



CKAN-HKRMUDKZ, JUAN AUQUSTIN, one of the few writers on 

 art which Spain has produced, wss bora at Gijon in the Asturias, in 

 1749, and was the son of poor parents. He was educated in the 

 Jesuits' College at Oviedo, where it was his good fortune to find not 

 only a companion but a friend and protector in Jovellanoa, with whom 

 lie resided two years at Alcala and Seville, and then went with him 

 bo Madrid, in 1778. During Jovelisnos' retirement shortly afterwards 

 from office, he returned with him to Seville, where his admiration of 

 the monument* of that city led him to apply himself to a systematic 

 course of study in architecture and drawing. Encourage.! l.y 

 Jovellanos, he proceeded to Madrid in order to place himself under 

 Mengs, but as that artist shortly after returned to Rome, he had not 

 much time to profit by his instruction. When Jovellanos was recalled 

 to office he procured an appointment for bis friend. Some years after- 

 wards Bcrmudez obtained a small pension, which enabled him to devote 

 himself entirely to his literary pursuits as the historian of Spauish 

 art His first publication was the ' Diccionnrio Historico de los mas 

 illustres Profrasores de las bcllas Artes en Espafia,' 6 vols. 8vo, IMM> ; 

 and his others are : ' Descripcion Artistica de la Catedral de Scvilla,' 

 1804; 'Descripcion del Hospital del Sangre,' 1804; ' Carta sobre cl 

 Estilo, etc. de la Escuela Sevillano,' 1806, in which he traces the 



1829, &c., a work founded upon materials collected by Eugenio 

 Llaguno, who shortly before his death gave them to Bermudez, insist- 

 ing upon bis making use of them. Beruiudez accordingly afterwards 

 not only arranged and shaped them for publication, but made 

 extensive additions and enlargements, and carried on the history to 

 the close of the 18th century. Valuable aa this work is for the mass 

 of information and copious document* which it contains, it is rather 

 one for mere reference than perusal, it being not so much a critical 

 history of Spanish architecture as an industriously compiled register 

 of facts, names, and dates. 



Besides the preceding there is one other publication of his to bo 

 mentioned the ' Memorias para la Vida de Jovellanos,' Madrid, 1814, 

 in which he has left an affectionate portraiture of that excellent friend. 

 Cean-Bermudez died in 1834, and left several manuscript works, one 

 of which, on the Roman antiquities of Spain, was afterwards edited at 

 the expense of the Royal Spauish Academy of History. 



CEBES, a Theban philosopher, and a disciple of Socrates.' he- 

 was the writer of three dialogues, called 'ntVo{' (table or tablet), 

 ''E/WcVj.' and ' *fivix a ^' (Suidas v. K43l. Diog. Laort ii. li.").) Hu 

 is represented by Plato as attending Socrates in his last moments, 

 and is one of the interlocutors in the ' Phicdon.' The first mentioned 

 of bis dialogues has been very frequently edited, and is often one of 

 the first books placed before the Greek student It is a description 

 of an allegorical picture, supposed to be affixed to the walls of a temple 

 of Saturn, and representing the life and trials of mankind. Scholars 

 have doubted whether it is rightly attributed to the Theban Cubes, 

 but the Greek authorities ore conclusive of its genuineness (see Luciun, 

 torn. i. p. 702, and torn. iii. p. 5, Hemsterhuis) ; and the Attic dialogue 

 in which it is written is no proof tliat its author was not a Theban, 

 for moral dialogues were always written in Attic, just as the luniu 

 dialect was appropriated to the epos, and the Doric to lyric poetry. 

 We know nothing of Cebes beyond the mention of his name by Plato, 

 who makes Socrates call him a diligent inquirer after truth, and by 

 Xenophon, from whom we learn that his moral character was most 

 unexceptionable. The first complete edition of the ' rhVaf' is that by 

 J. Qronovius, Amst 1680; the best are, perhaps, that by Schweig- 

 hiiuser, Lips. 1798, which also contains the 'Manual' of Epictetus, or 

 bis last edition of 1806, and that by Coroee, Par. 1826, in his edition 

 of Epictetus. 



There was a Cebe* of Cyzicus, a Stoic philosopher contemporary 

 with the emperor Marcus Aurelius, to whom some critics, apparently 

 without much reason, would attribute the ' Table.' 



There is a dissertation on the genuineness of the ' Table,' by F. G. 

 Klopfer, Zwickau, 1818, 4to. 



CECIL, WILLIAM, BARON BURLEIGH, wa born at Bourn.: in 

 Lincolnshire, on the 13th of September, 1620. liis father was master 

 of the robes to Henry VIII. He was placed successively at the 

 grammar schools of Qraiilhum and Stamford, and at the ago of fifteen 

 he was removed to St John's College, Cambridge, where ho was dis- 

 tinguished for the regularity of his conduct and the intensity of his 

 application. At the age of sixteen be delivered a lecture on the logic 

 of the schools, and three years afterwards another on the Greek 

 language. At twenty-one he entered at Gray's-inn, and applied him- 

 self to the study of the law, the history of bin own country, and 

 especially the genealogy of its principal families. In August 1541 



