II* 



( HAULKS IX. 



( HAULES X. 



1M 



uld 



himself with shoeing a hone, or working at* 



to tie, he w 



Ion*." Hut tits v/e* not tbe temperament of a deep dUaembler. 

 AduMi"! I'ei'ir* Maseon's character of him ai th true one. that he wan 

 iniMtirat, ssssilir-| false. and (sllhUa*, is it powibU that he .l.ould 

 k*v* pUrrti UM part of simulator awl diwtaulator to such perfection, 

 that a scnitmiaiiM, and MMpiotou* observer like Walsiughaiu, luting 

 three years that b* wai ambassador at th* French court, in almost 

 daily panooal intereoura* with him, nevar for a moment doubted bin 

 asBoentf > Then, a* we bar* sera, U>* admiral to Uie last moment 

 iliiil UM meet undoubting confidence in tbe king's profeaMiona of 

 flMXJek-ln FacU however are ttubborn things, and we have no 

 favourite hypothesis to support. When the marriage of tbe king's 

 skier with the Prince of Navarre was under discussion, Pop* Pius V. 

 sat bis nephew, UM Cardinal Alexandrine, to the court of France to 

 prevent it. Cbarlea took the cardinal by the band, and said (we 

 quote from UM ' Lettres d'Oasat,' referred to by Mr. Allen in his con- 

 troversy with Dr. Lingard), "1 entirrlj agn* with what you aay, snd 

 am thankful to you and tbe pop* for your advio* : if I bad any other 

 niTSM than this marriage of taking vengeance on my enemies, 1 would 

 not persist in it ; but 1 nave not.* Cardinal Alexandrine was hardly 

 goM from court, when the Queen of Nararre, tbe mother of Henri, 

 arrived at Blois to conclude tbe marriage. Charles received her with 

 every demonstration of affection and cordiality ; boasted to her that 

 be had treated the monk who came to break off tbe marriage as bis 

 impudence deserved ; adding that lie " would give bis sister, not to 

 th* Prince of Navarre, but to the Huguenots, in order to remoTe all 

 doubt* on their mind* a* to th* peace." " And sgnin, my Aunt," 

 said he, " 1 honour you more than the pope, and I love my sitter more 

 than I fear him. I am no Huguenot, neither am I a fool ; and if 

 Mr. Pop* does not mend bis manners, 1 will myself give away 

 Margrry in full conventicle." (Malhieu ; ' Memoires de 1'Etat') 



It wa* on this occasion, according to De Thou, Sully, and other 

 authorities, that Charle* is said to bar* ezultingly asked bis mother 

 " Hate I not played my part w*U ? " " Yes/ said she ; " but to 

 milisuns is nothing, uulen you go through." " Leave it to mo," be 

 replied with an oath. " I will net them for you, every one," Others 

 tb* vaunting of bis dissiinulstion till after the musacre ; 



and a manuscript in the ' liibliotheque du Hoi,' quoted by Mr. Allen, 

 adds, 'That be complained of the hardship of being obliged to dis- 

 simulate so long." There is one other trait of perfidy, among many 

 told of him, which we shall quote, and leave to speak for itself. 



On the evening of St. Bartholomew, and after he bad given his 

 orders tor th* msssacre, he icdoubled hi* kindness to tbe King of 

 Navarre, and desired him to introduce some of bis best officers into 

 UM Louvre, that they might be at hand in case of any disturbances 

 bom tb* Guise*. Tbe*c officers were butchered next morning in his 



That th* peace of 1670 was, so far as Catherine de' Medici and her 

 party was concerned, a piece of treachery, got up for the sol* purpose 

 of luring th* Huguenot chief* to their destruction, is tb* .almost 

 universal opinion of historians, and is admitted by those who deny 

 that CharUs had any guilty share in tb* transaction ; De Thou alone 

 beaitsUs to admit that long-meditated treachery. Opinion* are more 

 divided with respect to tbe closeness of tbe connection between the 

 i and th* general design to cut off the leader (the "tot* de 

 ' of Alva) of UM Protestant party. On* great difficulty 

 i iteelt The attempt upon th* life of th* admiral was made 

 instigation of Catherine and her son Anjou, the great 

 d*rU*n of th* maasacr*. If they really designed from tb* first 

 general msseanra, why did they run th* very great risk of 

 defeating their purpose by cutting off th* admiral alone without 

 UM other leaders I If the admiral had fall, n at the instant by 

 th* hand of the assassin, i* it not highly probable that bis friend* 

 would bav* fled from Paris to a place of safety I at all event*, they 

 would not have been bntcb*r*d unresistingly and in oold blood. 

 OB UM olh*r hand, if UM death of UM admiral was the sole or chief 

 obje* of UM machination* of th* court, why did they defer it so long 

 or attempt it in so bungling a way I Th* Italian writer Davila hss 

 furnished a refined and subtle explanation of this difficulty, charac- 

 teristic of th* dark plotting and wily policy of his country. According 

 to thi* hypothesis (which is in some degree adopted by D* Thou), the 

 plan of Catharine and her secret council was, that Coligny should be 

 aissiiistij under such circumstance* a* to fix th* guilt upon the 

 OttiM*, in tb* hop* that UM Huguenot* would immediately rise in 

 arm* and wreak thru- vengeance upon th* Guises; and that object having 

 beta obtained, that they would in turn be themselves overpowered and 

 s*s**.crsd by UM royal forces. By this means Catherine would 

 lUayisA , t op, .t^,. u,. riT|J ha|UM of QuiM ud cutil | OD| both 



equally obnoxious to UM court. But we agree with Mr. Allen that 

 thi* hypothesis i* too refined and uncertain a speculation even for 

 Catherine, and that th* difficulty is not explained by it To our 

 mind* UM difficulty is brat explained by the supposition Uiat Charles 

 wa* not only not nrivT to UM original design of the matssore, but that 

 Its plotters were doubtful of obtaining bis consent His occasional 

 fcfwtty during end after tb massacre, and tb* inconsistencies of his 

 public deal* rations with respect to its origin, are by no mean* ODD- 

 trmdictory to this MppoeiUon, which moreover receives ooniiderable 

 support from what Sully tell* a* of bis subsequent remorse. While 



the maasacr* was going on, Charles seemed Ilk* one possessed. A few 

 days alter, be said to th* celebrated Ambrose Pan 1 , his surgeon and a 

 Huguenot, " I know not how it is, but for th* last few days 1 feel like 

 on* in a fever; my mind and body are both disturbed. Kvery 

 moment, whether I am asleep or awake, visions of murdurad corpse* 

 covered with blood and hideous to the sight, haunt me, Ob, I wish 

 they had spared the innocent and the imbecile I * Cbarli s die.! 

 tlmu two years after the massacre, in agony mental and physical 

 " In this state," says Sully, " th* miserable day of St Bartholomew 

 was, without ceasing, present to hi* mind; and he showed by his 

 transport* of regret, and by bis fears, bow much be repented of it. ' 



CHARLES X., King of Franc* (C1IA1M.K.S I'lllU 1TK, Couite 

 d'Artoin), bom at Versailles, in October 1767, was the youngest son of 

 the Dauphin, grandson of Louis XV., and brother of Louis XVI. 

 His title, as a junior member of the royal family, was Comte d'Artois. 

 Tbe 1 Juke de la Vauguv on, who was appointed tutor to him, as well as 

 to bis brothers, selected for their teachers several bishops and abbas. 



Charles married, in the year 1773, Maria Theresa of Savoy, sister 

 to th* wife of hi* brother, afterwards Louis XV111. Hit youth was 

 dissipsted and stormy, and he fought a duel with the Duke of Bourbon 

 in consequence of a quarrel between them at the opera. \Vheu the 

 disturbance* which preceded the Revolution began, the Count d'Artois 

 showed himself from the first opposed to concession, and he remained 

 consistent in his opposition throughout tbe whole period of tbe Revo- 

 lution, whilst his brother Louie, count of Provence, afterwards 

 Louis XVIII., seemed to court popularity, and took paius to please 

 the Constitutional party. Charles was one of the first to emigrate : 

 he left Fnince in July 17S9, after the first popular insurrection and 

 the destruction of the Bastille. He repaired to Turin, and from thence 

 went to Vicuna, and lastly to Piluitz, where he attended the first 

 congress of princes assembled to oppose the French revolution. After 

 Louis XVI. bad accepted tbe constitution in 1701, he invited the 

 Count d'Artois to return to France, which he, in concert with hia 

 brother the Count of Provence, who bad now joined him at Coblcnz, 

 refused to do, and they gave their reasons in a kin i c,f manifesto. 

 In consequence of this, the Legislative Assembly stopped bis allow- 

 ance on the civil list, and ordered the seizure of his property, in May 

 1792. The war having broken out, the Count d'Artois assumed the 

 command of a body of emigrants, who acted in concert with the 

 Prussian and Austrian armie* on the lihine. After the execution of 

 Louis XVI.. the Count d'Artois repaired to Russia, where he received 

 fair promises from Catharine, but no efficient assistance. He then 

 made an attempt on the coast of Brittany, but goon after returned to 

 England, and wrnt to reside in Edinburgh, where be remained some 

 year*. In 1809 he rejoined his brother, who had assumed tbo title 

 of Louis XVIII., at Hartwell. In 1814 he went to Germany to wait 

 for events. After Napoleon's abdication, he entered France with 

 tbe title of Lieutenant General of the Kingdom, and issued a pro- 

 clamation to the French, in which he promised liberty and order, 

 the reign of the law, the abolition of the conscription, and of the 

 " droits rt!unis," and an entire forgetfulness of the past He entered 

 Paris on the 12th of April 1814, attended by a body of national 

 guards. The Senate acknowledged his authority, in expectation of 

 the arrival of Louis XVIII. He told the Senate that bis brother was 

 determined to reign as a constitutional king, with two chambers, and 

 to grant individual liberty and the liberty of the press. When 

 Louis XVIII. arrived in Paris, tbe Count d'Artois, whose title was 

 now that of ' Monsieur,' was made Colonel-Qeneral of tbe National 

 Guards. In March 1815 he was obliged to leave France with the king, 

 in consequence of Bonaparte's return from Elba, but be went buck 

 after tbe battle of Waterloo. In February 1820 be lost his second 

 sou, the Due de Berry, by the baud of an ssiwu-siu. His elder son, 

 the Duo d'Angouleme, who bad married his cousin, the daughter of 

 Louis XVI., was childless. The Duo de Berry left only one daughter, 

 but several months after bis death his widow was delivered of a sou, 

 the present Duo de Bordeaux. 



Louis XVIII. died on the 16th of September 1824, and Charles X. 

 was proclaimed king. On tbe 27th be made bis entrance into Paris in 

 the midst of acclamations. One of his first act* was an ordinance 

 abolishing the censorship of the newspapers and other periodicals, 

 which hod been re-established by an ordinance of bis predecessor in 

 the previous month of August This threw over him a momentary 

 gleam of popularity ; but there was a strong party, or rather a com- 

 bination of parties, which disliked and mistrusted him from the first, 

 and by his bigotry and folly he soon justified their mistrust In April 

 1825, project of a law, or bill, was laid by ministers before tbo 

 chamber* against tbe guilt of sacrilege, awarding the penalty of death 

 for the profanation of the consecrated boit, and other severe penalties 

 for the profanation of the sacred utensils of churches, &c. Tbe law 

 was passed ; but it bad a bad effect on public opinion. By another 

 law, an annual sum of thirty millions of francs was charged on the 

 nations! debt, to be distributed as an indemnity among the emigrants 

 whose property had been confiscated. In April 1826, a declaration 

 signed by moat of the archbishops and bishops of France was pre- 

 sented to the king, denouncing all attempts to subject the tempornl 

 authority of kings to the papal power, a principle always reprobated 

 by the Oallican Church. In 1827 a law was passed against tbe slave- 

 trad*, which contained against those engaged in it the penalties of 



