COCHIN, CHARLES NICOLAS. 



COCKER, EDWARD. 



SJ 



U,. prevantioa of wr by arbitration between the states iutsrsrtsd. 

 When the dcrigM of Rue4a sainel Turkey became known, and war 

 WM imminrnt, be (till advocated noo-intarfcrenoo ; and during the 

 wmr urgl the policy of terminating it by concession to Russia. In 

 1 SiS be published two pamphlet*, ' How Wan an got up in India: 

 the BumMM War,' ST.., London, and ' 1793 and 1853, in three Letters,' 

 isro. London. In 1855 be publUhed another pamphlet entitled ' What 

 Next f ' Some of hit speeches hare also been publUhed. 



COCHIN. CHARLES NICOLAS, called Cochin Fila, a celebrated 

 French designer and etcher, the aon of Charlei Nicola* Cochin 

 UM elder, waa born at Paris in 1715. His father, likewiie an able 

 ngraver, wat hi inilruetor, and Cochin early displayed a peculiar 

 aptnrw for art, and general quickness of ability. In 1749 he made a 

 tour through Italy with the Marquis de Marigny, and in 1750 pub- 

 lished a critical account of the various works of Italian art, at a 

 apecie* of amateur's companion in a journey through Italy ' Voyage 

 Pittoretqoe d'ltalie,' in 3 vols. 8vo. The work became popular 

 BOOK hi* own countrymen : Cochin published a third edition of it 

 in 1773. Some years before the appearance of bis ' Voyage Pitto- 

 rseqoe' Cochin published an account of the antiquities of Hercu- 

 loneum, Obserrations tur les Antiquitea d'Herculaneum, &<x, par 

 MM. Cochin et Bellicard,' which went through two editions : the 

 second wn<*'n* many etchings of ancient works of art and other 

 object* of antiquity. Cochin was knight of the order of St Michel ; 

 keeper of the Royal Collection of Drawings ; and secretary to the Royal 

 Academy of Painting and Sculpture. He died at Paris April 29, 1790. 



Cochin was one of the best and most productive of the French 

 engravers ; his priuti amount to upwards of 1500, comprising almost 

 every variety of subject, from original designs, and from the works of 

 other masters, chiefly French. Among the beet are the fourteen large 

 etchings of the sea-ports of Vernct A ' Catalogue DetailW ' of his 

 works was published by Jombert in 1770, and copied by Heiuckeu 

 into his Dictionary, with the addition of some works executed after 

 177i>. Cochin wss the author of some other literary works besides 

 those already mentioned. He published in 1757, ' Reflexions sur la 

 Critique del Ouvrages Exposes au Louvre,' and ' Recueil de quelques 

 pieces conoernant les Arts, avec une Dissertation sur 1'effet de la 

 Lumicre et dee Ombres relativement a la Peintura;' in 1763, 'Lea 

 Misotechnites auz Enfers;' and in 1765, ' Lettrea sur Ie8 Vies de 

 Slodtz et de Desbayes,' and ' Projet d'uue Salle de Spectacle.' 



COCHRANK, LORD. [DUSDONALD, EARL or.] 



COCHRANE, CA1TAIN JOHN DUNDAS, R.N., born about 1780, 

 distinguished himself by travelling on foot in a very eccentric manner 

 through France, Spain, and Portugal, and afterwards through Russia 

 and Siberia, to the extremity of Kamtchatka. (See ' Narrative of a 

 Pedestrian Journey through Russia and Siberian Tartary, from the 

 Frontiers of China to the Frozen Sea and Kamtchatka,' 2 vols. 8vo, 

 Loud., 1824.) He subsequently engaged in some of the mining 

 companies in the New World, and died in Colombia August 12, 1825, 

 at a time, it U said, when be was contemplating a journey on foot 

 through the whole of South America, He tells us in his book, that in 

 January, 1820, immediately before he began his jountey to Russia, he 

 made an offer of his services to explore the interior of Africa and the 

 course of the Niger, but this offer was declined by Government. His 

 object, when he left London for St Petersburg, was to travel round 

 the globe, as nearly as can be done by land, crossing from Northern 

 Asia to America at I3ehring's Straits. " I also," ho adds, " determined 

 to perform the journey on foot, for the best of all possible reasons, 

 that my finanom allowed of no other." But at the seaport of St. Peter 

 and St Paul's, at the end of the Kamtchatkan peninsula, he became 

 enamoured of a young lady of the country, and his marriage, together 

 with some other circumstances, induced him to return to England, 

 wliitlier he brought bis wife. The eccentricities of this most hardy 

 and indefatigable traveller sometimes approach to insanity, but his 

 book is amusing from its oddness.-and contains a good deal of curious 

 information concerning countries rarely visited by Europeans. 



COCKI1UHN. HENRY THOMAS, LORD, a Lord of Session in 

 Scotland, was the son of Archibald Cockburo, of Cockpen, one of the 

 Barons of the Exchequer in Scotland, by a sister of the wife of the 

 first Viscount Melville, and represented an ancient Scottish family 

 which has produced many distinguished members. He was born in 

 1779, and called to the Scotti-h bar in 1800. His family connections 

 belonged to the Tory school, but although the Scotch patronage of the 

 crown for many years WM dispensed by Lord Melville, Mr. Cockburn 

 in early life adopted liberal opinions. 



It WM not until November 1830 that any high legal portion fell to 

 Mr. Cockburn, when he became solicitor-general for .Scotland, upon 

 the promotion of Jeffrey to the attorney -generalship. He had however 

 fang before this time risen to considerable eminenoo in bis profession, 

 and was particularly distinguished for the ability of his advocacy, and 

 UM influence which he exerted upon the minds of juries. Among 

 other cave* in which he was engaged may be particularly mentioned 

 that of the Quernsberry title, in which considerable property was at 

 stake. He ha 1 also brought himself into notice by gratuitously 

 defending the prisoners charged with treason at Stirling, Gla-gow, and 

 other Scotch towns in UM year 1818. A* a strong proof of his success 

 M aa advocate, we may mention that he WM engaged to defend Mrs. 

 McDongall, who was put upon her trial at Edinburgh M the accom- 



plice of Burke and Hare, and that he obtained her acquittal During 

 the earlier part of his legal career the arguments of counsel were 

 delivered partly in writing, and partly 'vivA voce' (M is the case 

 now in the House of Lords). The drawing up of these arguments 

 frequently involved points of the greatest nicety, and several drawn 

 up by Mr. Cockburn attracted the observation of the bench, and 

 even as a young man, his papers on feudal law had mot with general 

 approval. 



Such a man M Cockburn could not long remain without reaping a 

 more permanent reward than the solicitor-generalship. Accordingly 

 in 1834 he WM promoted to the Scottish bench M one of the lords of 

 session, to which three years later WM add^d the further appointment 

 of a lord commissioner of justiciary. Upon the bench Lord Cockburn 

 WM surpassed by few in his clear enunciation of law, ami in his 

 charges to juries. He was distinguished by a skilful detection of 

 whatever WM false in principle or in evidence, as well M by the breadth 

 and grasp of his legal judgments, which were seldom reversed on 

 appeal. 



Besides the ' Life* of his friend Lord Jeffrey in 2 vols. (1852), Lord 

 Cockburn published only one small pamphlet, which was entitled 

 ' On the best way of spoiling the beauties of Edinburgh.' He was an 

 early contributor however to the pages of the ' Edinburgh Review ;' 

 and it is said that an article from his pen in that review was mainly 

 instrumental in causing a reform in the method by which Scotch juries 

 had been previously chosen. 



As a friend, neighbour, and citizen, no less than as a relative, Lord 

 Cockburn was beloved. His death, which happened April 2G, 1854, 

 while he was on circuit at Ayr, was preceded by an illness of but a few 

 days' duration. He left a large family by bis widow, who U sister of 

 the wives of the late Scotch judges, Lords Fullerton and Duu<lrenuon. 



COCKBURN, ADMIRAL, THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR 

 GEORGE, G.C.B., who represented a branch of the same family as 

 Lord Cockburn, was born iu 1772, and entered the navy in 17-1. 

 Having served on the East India, Home, and Mediterranean stations, 

 in 1795 he co-operated with the Austrian troops in Piedmont, and 

 took part in the capture and blockade of Leghorn. He subsequently 

 received the thanks of the House of Commons for his operations 

 against Martinique, which resulted iu that island being ceded as a 

 British colony. In 1812 he was sent as commissioner for reconciling 

 Spain and her transatlantic colonies. He was conspicuous in the 

 hostilities with America in 1813 and 1814. On the cessation of 

 hostilities he WM employed to convey Napoleon to St Helena. 

 Having sat in the unreformed parliament from 1818 to 1830 for 

 Portsmouth, Weobley, and Plymouth, he was returned for Kipon in 

 1841. He was a Lord of the Admiralty from 1818 to 182S, and again 

 from 1841 to 1846, when he retired from public life. When far 

 advanced in years he inherited his brother's baronetcy, aud died in 

 August 1853. (Gentleman's Magazine; (f By rn^t Naval Biography.) 



COCKEIi, EDWARD. This writer, whose name is so well known 

 in England, WM born about 1632, M appears from the inscription to 

 one of the portraits cited by Granger in his ' Biographical History of 

 England.' He was au engraver, and a teacher of writing and arith- 

 metic. Pepys has in his ' Diary ' some curious notices of Cocker 

 (Aug. 10 and 11, and October 5 and 7, 1664). He employed Cocker to 

 engrave his "new sliding rule with silver plates, it being so small that 

 Brown that made it, could not get one to do it ; " Cocker however did 

 it, and, though so small, without using a magnifying glass. Pepys 

 speaks of finding Cocker "by his discourse very ingenious; and 

 among other things a great admirer of, and well read iu the English 

 poets, and undertakes to judge them all, and that not impertinently." 

 He is said to have published fourteen books of exercises in penman- 

 ship, some of them on silver plates. One of these is iu the British 

 Museum, namely, ' Daniel's Copy Book, &c. Ac. Ingmven by Edward 

 Cocker, Philomath. London, 1664.' The matter of these exercises 

 in penmanship consists in great part of descriptions of hell-fire, with 

 fiends (or something very like them) in flourishes. We have also 

 ' Cocker's Urania, or the Scholar's Delight,' without date ; and 

 ' Cocker's Morals, or the Muses' Spring Garden,' London, 1694 (either 

 a late edition, or a posthumous work). Soon after his death one of 

 his undoubted works was reprinted by the Hawkins referred to below, 

 under the title of 'The Young Clerk's Tutor Enlarged,' Ac., 8th 

 edition, 1675, 8vo. Cocker died before 1676, aud certainly later 

 than 1671. 



The celebrated work on arithmetic was not published by Cocker 

 himself, but M described in the following title-page : ' Cocker's 

 Arithmetic : being a plain and familiar method, suitable to the 

 meanest capacity for the full understanding of that incomparable art, 

 as it is now taught by the ablest schoolmasters in City and Country. 

 Compos'd by Edward Cocker, late practitioner in the arts of Writing, 

 Arithinetick, aud Engraving. Being that so long since promised to 

 the world. Perused and published by John Hawkins, Writing Master 

 near St. George's Church in Southwark, by the Author's correct 

 copy, and commended to the world by many eminent Mathematicians 

 and Writing Masters in and near London.' The first edition was in 

 1677; the fourth in 1682; the thirty-seventh in 1720, from which we 

 have copied the title-page ; the fifty-fifth in 1758. 



Cocker's Arithmetic was the first which entirely excluded all 

 demonstration and reasoning, and confined itself to commercial 



