301 



COCKERELL, CHARLES ROBERT, R.A. 



COEHORN, BARON DE. 



302 



questions only. This was the secret of its extensive circulation. 

 There is no need of describing it ; for so closely have nine out of ten 

 of the subsequent school treatises been modelled upon it, that a 

 large proportion of our readers would be able immediately to turn 

 to any rule in Cocker, and to guess pretty nearly what they would 

 find there. Every method since his time has been "according to 

 Cocker." 



There are two other works which bear the name of Cocker, and both 

 published by the same John Hawkins. (1). 'Decimal Arithmetic, 

 accompanied by Artificial Arithmetic (logarithms) and Algebraical 

 Arithmetic:' London, 1684 and 1685. (2). 'Cocker's English Dic- 

 tionary,' the second edition of which bears date London 1715. Now, 

 since in 1677 Cocker had been dead some time, as appears by 

 Hawkins's preface to the Arithmetic, and since Kersey's Algebra, on 

 which Cocker's is professedly founded, wag published in 1673, it will 

 appear only just possible that Cocker could have lived to have written 

 this work. Again, the Arithmetic was written by a person who under- 

 stood Latin, as proved by apt quotations from Oughtred and Gemma 

 Frisius : the Decimal Arithmetic is entirely without quotations, 

 though abounding in subjects on which the author of the Arithmetic 

 might be expected to quote. Lastly, to the preface of the Decimal 

 Arithmetic is annexed a very clumsy attempt at a cipher, which 

 seems utterly unmeaning, unless it be considered as wrapping up a 

 confession of authorship. Deciphered, it is as follows : " Amico suo 

 amautissimo Johanni Perkes, Ptochotrophii Fohliensis in Comitatu 

 Wigorniensi linlimagistro. Sir, if you pleas to bestow some of your 

 spare hours in perusing the following treatise, you will then be the 

 better ab!e to j mlg ho w I have spent mine, and if my paines therein 

 may b profitable to the publick I have my wish, but if not, it ia not 

 a good thing now indeed I do say so. Sir, I am your humble servant 

 John Hawkins." From all that precedes we are inclined to suspect 

 that Hawkins, being in possession of Cocker's papers, and finding the 

 Arithmetic a successful work, published others of his own in Cocker's 

 name, perhaps with some assistance from the manuscripts of the 

 latter. 



* COCKERELL, CHARLES ROBERT, R.A., architect, and pro- 

 fessor of Architecture in the Royal Academy, was born in London in 

 1788. Having passed through the usual initiatory course of 

 instruction, Mr. Cockerel!, like most architects, before commencing 

 the practice of his profession, visited the classic fields of art. But his 

 professional tour was far more prolonged and systematic than the 

 customary one. In Asia Minor, as well as in Italy, he made a laborious 

 investigation of the grander architectural remains, and at yEgina, Phy- 

 galia, &c., he undertook gome extensive excavations. Many of the 

 antiquarian fragments obtained in the course of these researches now 

 adorn the British Museum, and the opinions he arrived at respecting 

 several of the more important works which he thus examined have in 

 various ways been given to the public. 



Mr. Cockerell early obtained a high place as an architect, and many 

 considerable buildings have been entrusted to him. Among the prin- 

 cipal of these are, the New Library at Cambridge (1840), a large and 

 noble pile, the plan of which however has only in part been carried 

 out; the University Galleries at Oxford (1845), also a very extensive 

 and splendid structure, with many peculiarities of design which have 

 not failed to call forth abundant comment from both the classicists 

 and medievalists of that ancient seat of learning; the College at 

 Lampeter, a spacious and very striking gothic edifice; the chapel and 

 speech-room at Harrow ; and the Philosophical Institution at Bristol. 

 As architect to the Bank of England, Mr. Cockerell has directed the 

 extensive and successful alterations which during the last twenty 

 yean have been made in that masterpiece of Soane's; and he con- 

 structe'l the branch banks at Liverpool, Manchester, &c. He likewise 

 crected'the Sun Fire Office, Bartholomew-lane (one of his happiest 

 designs), and the Westminster Fire Office in the Strand ; and, in con- 

 junction with Mr. Tite, the London and Westminster Bank. Mr. 

 Cockerell also carried out to completion, witli considerable variations 

 however from the original design, especially in the approaches and in 

 the interior, St. George's Hall and Assize Courts at Liverpool. As 

 might be expected from his early pursuits, Mr. Cockerell has always 

 displayed a marked predilection for the classic style of architecture, 

 though in practice he has never servilely adhered to a Greek or Roman 

 type. Indeed he has always introduced BO many modification?, what- 

 ever might be the order he adopted or the model to whicb he in the main 

 conformed, as fully to establish his claim to originality and inventive 

 power. His study of Wren perhaps gave him a bold free way of 

 looking at classic forms. In his gothic buildings, such as Lampeter 

 College and the chapel at Harrow, Mr. Cockerell has hardly seemed 

 so much at home. Yet he has in his late years paid great attention to 

 gothic architecture, as shown by his most careful illustrations of the 

 west front of Wells Cathedral, aud of the sculptures, &c., of Lincoln 

 Cathedral, of which he has published very valuable monographs, and 

 his ' Architectural Life of William of Wykeham.' 



Mr. Cockerell was in 1829 elected A.R.A., in 1836 R.A., and in 1840 

 he succeeded Mr. Wilkins as Professor of Architecture in the Royal 

 Academy. He is one of the eight foreign associates of the Academy 

 of the Institute of France, member of the Academy of St. Luke, 

 Rome, and of the academies of Munich, Berlin, Ac. As professor of 

 architecture, Mr. Cockerell has regularly delivered courses of lectures 



full of valuable information respecting the history aud theory of 

 architecture. Formerly there used to appear occasionally in the 

 architectural room of the Academy exhibition some architectural 

 studies by Mr. Cockerell, which afforded a large amount of interesting 

 information to the general visitor, as well as to the architectural 

 student : we refer to such works as his ' Tribute to the Memory of Sir 

 Christopher Wren,' being a collection of Wren's principal works drawn 

 to the same scale (exhibited in 1838, and siuce engraved), and hia 

 ' Professor's Dream,' a synopsis of the principal architectural monu- 

 ments of ancient and modern times, also drawn on one scale; but for 

 several years no production, of Cockerell's has been seen on the walls 

 of the academy. 



CODRINGTON, SIR EDWARD, ADMIRAL, G.C.B. was born in 

 1770. Ho was a grandson of Sir Edward Codrington, first baronet, 

 of Dodington, Gloucestershire. He entered the navy July 18, 1783, 

 and served in several ships till he became lieutenant, May 28, 1793. 

 He served as lieutenant on board the Queen Charlotte, 100 guns, Lord 

 Howe's flag-ship, in the victory over the French fleet off Brest, June 1, 

 1794, and was appointed to bear to England the duplicate despatches. 

 He was in consequence promoted to the rank of captain, and continued 

 in active service till 1797. He was unemployed from this time till 



1805, when he was appointed to the command of the ' Orion," 74, and 

 was engaged in the battle of Trafalgar. For his services in this victory 

 he was rewarded by a gold medal. He left the ' Orion' in December 



1806, and in November 1808 was appointed to the command of the 

 ' Blake,' 74, in which ship he sailed under Lord Gardner in the expe- 

 dition to Walcheren, and was thanked for his services in forcing the 

 Schelde in August 1809. In 1810, 1811, and 1812, Captain Codrington. 

 was employed on the coasts 'of Spain, in the defence of Cadiz and 

 Tarragona, and in co-operating with the Spanish patriots in Catalonia. 

 In January 1813 he returned to England. 



In 1814 Captain Codrington sailed to North America, and while there 

 was promoted to the rank of rear-admiral, and was appointed captain 

 of the fleet under Sir Alexander Cochrane. He took part in the attack 

 on New Orleans. At the conclusion of the war with the United States 

 he returned to England, and was created a knight commander of the 

 Bath, January 2, 1815. He attained the rank of vice-admiral July 10, 

 1821. 



Sir Edward Codringtou was appointed, November 1, 1826, com- 

 mauder-in-chief of a squadron in the Mediterranean destined to 

 observe the Turco-Egyptian fleet, and hoisted his flag on board the 

 'Asia,' 84. He was joined by a French and a Russian squadron, and 

 the battle of Navarino took place October 20, 1827; when the Turco- 

 Egyptian fleet, consisting of 81 ships of war, was almost entirely 

 destroyed. For this victory Sir Edward Codrington was advanced to 

 the dignity of knight grand cross of the Bath; but as there was much 

 doubt among politicians as to the propriety of destroying this fleet, 

 and the Duke of Wellington admitted that it was an " untoward event," 

 Sir Edward was recalled from the Mediterranean in April 1828. In 

 1832 he was elected M.P. for the borough of Devonport, and was 

 re-elected in 1835, and again in 1837. He was of liberal politics, and 

 very popular. In 1837 he attained the full rank of admiral, and on 

 the 22nd of November 1839 was appointed commander-in-ehief at 

 Portsmouth, when he resigned his seat as a member of parliament. 

 He occupied his station at Portsmouth for the usual term of three 

 years. He had a good-service pension of 3001. a year. He died in 

 London, April 28, 1851. 



* CODK1NGTON, SIR WILLIAM JOHN, K.C.B., was born in 1800. 

 He is the eldest surviving son of Admiral Sir Edward Codrington. 

 He entered the army in 1821, and in 1836 became lieutenant-colonel 

 in the Coldstream Guards. In 1846 he attained the rank of colonel, 

 and in 1854 that of major-general. During the whole of this period 

 he had not been in any actual war-service. 



When the British army was sent out to Turkey in 1854, Sir 

 William Codriugton accompanied it as a spectator. Happening to 

 be at Varna immediately before the sailing of the expedition to 

 the Crimea, Lord Raglan appointed him to the command of the first 

 brigade of the light division, which had just then become vacant by 

 the appointment of General Airey to the situation of adjutant- 

 general of the Army of the East. Sir William led this brigade at tlio 

 battle of the Alma with great steadiness as well as gallantry. When 

 visiting the outlying pickets of his brigade about five o'clock in the 

 morning of the battle of Inkermann, he became aware of the near 

 approach of the Russians, and immediately rode back to turn out his 

 brigade, and to give the first alarm. His bravery during the battle- 

 was noticed by Lord Raglan, and when Sir George Brown in conse- 

 quence of a wound received that day was obliged to retire to Malta, 

 Major-General Codringtou was selected by Lord Raglan to take the 

 command of the light division during his absence. After the final 

 retirement of Sir George Brown from the Crimea, Major-General 

 Codriugton succeeded him in the command of the light division, aud 

 in that situation had the chief direction of the unsuccessful assault oil 

 the Redan at the taking of Stbastopol, September 8, 1855. After the 

 resignation of General Simpson he was appointed comrnuuder-in-chief 

 of the British army in the Crimea, with the local rank of general. For 

 his services in the Crimea he was made a knight commander nf the 

 Bath. 



COEHORN, MENNON, BARON DE, a celebrated Dutch engineer, 



