COXDE, JOSE ANTONIO. 



CONDft, PRINCE DE. 



the bnuh. and for fin years exerted himself aauduously and exclu- 

 sively with tb portcrayon, copying the be*t ancient and mo trrn 

 work* in ROHM, with a view to improving hi* style of design, in which 

 wu not very snooaaafuL 



Conca wu on* of the imitator. 



of Pietro da Curtona. and po*s**sed to a great degree the facilities of 

 that master: h wu ready, rapid, and superficial His works are 

 numerous in Rom* and in the Roman States. One at Siena is con- 

 aid*r*d hi* in*<sr|i4n. the ' Probatica, or the Sacred Pool of Siloam,' 

 in the hospital of Santa Maria dell. Seal*. Several of Genoa's works 

 have been engraved by Frey and others, and be etched a few plates 

 himwlt Sebutkao Conca died at Naples in 1764. Giovanni Conca 

 acted chMy a* hi* brother's assistant 



CONDE, JOSfi ANTONIO, on* of the few Spanish orientalists 

 who have attained a European reputation, wu born at Paraleja, a 

 unall town of the province of Cuenca, about 1765. He wu educated 

 at the university of Alealrt, where ho studied not only Greek, which in 

 the day* of Mart) wu sufficiently rare in Spain, but Hebrew and 

 Arabic, the latter a language which ought to have peculiar attractions 

 for Spanish scholars, but which hsd fallen into such neglect in the 

 Peninsula that Casiri, a Syrian, had been engaged to catalogue the 

 Arab o manuscript* in the Escurial He wu intended for the law, but 

 having obtained in early life an appointment at the royal library of 

 Madrid, devoted himself entirely to literature. His first separate 

 publication appears to have been a translation of the Greek minor 

 poet*, Anacreon, Theoeritun, Biou, and Moschus, in 1796, which wu 

 followed in 1799 by a rendering into Spaninh of the Nubian geographer 

 Al Edrii's ' Description of Spain,' accompanied by the original Arabic, 

 very dry performance, in which the translation is not free from 

 inaccuracies. It appear* however to have acquired for Conde a high 

 reputation, and when he soon after began collecting materials for a 

 history of the Moors in Spain, he obtained the king's permission to 

 have an Arabic manuscript bearing on his purpose transcribed for 

 him at the public expense from the royal library of Paris. He was 

 at the same time a member of the Spanish Academy, a member and 

 librarian of the Academy of History, and one of a commission of 

 three, consisting of Cienfuegos, Navarrete, and himself, to superintend 

 a continuation of Sanchez's famous collection of early Cutilian poetry. 

 The French invasion, which had so blighting an influence on the 

 career of almost every man in Spain, wu peculiarly fatal to Conde, 

 for he had the culpable weakness to become an ' Afrancesado,' or 

 partisan of the invaders. He was appointed by Joseph Bonaparte to 

 the office of chief librarian of the Madrid library, which he retained 

 u long u the French held possession of the capital, and when they 

 were driven from the Peninsula he followed. He parsed some years 

 at Paris in arranging the materials he bad collected for his history, 

 and wu finally permitted to return to Madrid. Gayangos assigns his 

 return to 1819, but Ticknor, the American historian of Spanish 

 literature, who vuited Spain in 1818, mentions that "among the men 

 of letters" whom he earliest knew at Madrid, " wu Conde, a retired, 

 gentle, modest scholar," who, "in the honest poverty to which he 

 had been reduced," not unwillingly consented " to assist him iu his 

 Spanish studies, and in the collection of his library." " Every possible 

 obstacle," says Gayangos, " was thrown in his way by the members of 

 the government, and these marks of indifference to his pursuits and 

 animosity towards his person on the part of hi* countrymen, and the 

 extreme poverty to which ho wu reduced by the refusal of govern- 

 ment to grant him any portion of the emoluments of his former office, 

 snoosly affected the health of Conde, who died in 1820, just u hi* 

 friend, were about to print his work by subscript ion." The first 

 volume only wu printed with the advantage of the author's superiu 

 tandence, the remaining two of the hiitory were put together from his 

 manuscript*. Conde'a library wu sold after his death in London, 

 and much hu been said of late years respecting one of the volumes, 

 the Tancionrrij de Baena.' This unique manuscript, a collection ol 

 ancient Cutilian poetry, formed by a Jew named Baena, wu one ol 

 the most highly valued treuures of the Eocmial library, and ia 

 described u such in Rodriguez de Castro's 'Biblioteca Espahola.' 

 At the time that Conde wu one of the commission to continue 

 the collection of Sanchez, this volume with others of value wu 

 authorised to be delivered to them for the purpose of editing; when 

 th French invuion broke up tbo project iu 1808, it was still iu 

 Coode'a hand., and after his death in lsi!u it wu sold in London by 

 bis heim, purchased by Richard Heber, and at Heber's sale again 

 purcbued by a French bookseller, who told it to the royal library at 

 Paris, whose property it still remains. It wu lent from Paris to the 

 SpanUh government, for the purposes of an edition which wu pub- 

 lished at Madrid by Ochoa iu 1851, an 1 it is from the preface to that 

 edition that these facts are taken. They furnish a striking argument 

 in favour of the views of those who maintain the inexpediency ol 

 landing valuable book* from public libraries. 



The reputation of Conde now rest* entirely on bis ' HUtory of the 

 Dominion of the Arab* in Spain,' of which tran.latiou* have been 

 published in several language*, and one in EnglUh by Mr. Jonathan 

 roster, ismied in 1854, occupies three volume* of Bonn's ' Standard 

 Library.' Previou* to the appearance of this work the only writer on 

 the subject who supplied inform.tion from Arabic sources wu Cuiri 

 whose materials were made u*e of bv Maadcu in his elaborate ' 1 

 de Kspalta,' and by the lUv. T. H. Home in his sketch of the career of 



the Mohammedans inserted in Murphy's 'Arabian Antiquities of 

 Spain.' Conde in hi* preface is very severe on Cuiri, whom he censure* 

 or a " confusion respecting persona, place*, and times, which can only 

 >e rectified by those who read the originals which Cuiri hu i 

 fectly rendered." Precisely the same accusation hu been Brought 

 against Conde himself by Gayango* and Dozy, and too cone! 

 irovrd to be for a moment doubted. Yet even after the appearance 

 >f Gayangos's valuable translation from the Arabic of Al-Makhari's 

 History of the Mohammedan Dynasties of Spain' (London, 1840-43, 

 2 vols. 4to), with its still more valuable notes, the work of Conde U 

 one to which the student may often recur with profit, especially now 

 hat he is put on bis guard against iU mistakes and shortcomings. 

 With a great deficiency of critical power, Conde cannot be looked on 

 u an historian, but he is a useful chronicler ; and it should never be 

 forgotten that he carried light into a portion of history where little 

 indeed had been done before him. 



CONDfi, LOUIS II. DE BOURBON, PRINCE DK, born at Paris 

 in 1621, was the son of Henri de Bourbon, and grandson of Henri I. 

 of the same name, who with his cousin Henri of Navarre (afterwards 

 Henri IV.), figured in the civil and religious wars of France under the 

 reigns of Charles IX. and Henri III. [HENRI 1V.1 The House of 

 Cond<5 was a branch of the house of Bourbon. The town of Con 

 Hainaut, from which it took its title, came to the house of Bourbon in 

 1487 by the marriage of Francis of Bourbon, count of Vend6me, with 

 Mary of Luxembourg, heiress of St. Paul, Soiason*, Enghien, and < 

 Charles de Bourbon, the eon of Franci', had many children ; the eldest, 

 Antoine, became king of Navarre by marrying Jeanne d'Albret, by 

 whom he had Henri IV. : Louis de Bourbon, another son of Charles, 

 and the first who assumed the title of prince of Condi', was killed at 

 the battle of Jarnac, 1 569. [ COLICKY.] He had married Eleonore de 

 Roye, dame de Conty or Conti, by whom he had Henri I. of Bourbon, 

 prince of Condi above mentioned, and Francois, who took the title of 

 prince of Conti. 



Louis II., prince of Condi', the subject of the present article, hu 

 beeu styled 'tho Great' on account of his military abilities and great 

 success. At the age of twenty-two he won the battle of Hocroi in 

 Flander*, 1643, against a superior Spanish force. He afterwards 

 fought again.- 1 the troops of the emperor, and gained the battles of 

 Fribourg and Nordlingen. In 1647 he wu sent into Catalonia. In 

 the following year he returned into Flanders and defeated the imperial 

 army commanded by the Archduke Leopold, brother to the emperor 

 Ferdinand III., at Lens in the Artoia. Meantime, the civil war of the 

 Fronde broke out at Paris ; Condd wu courted by both particK, and 

 he served both in succession. He was the means of bringing back 

 young I.ouis XIV., the queen mother, and Cardinal Mazatin, into Paris 

 in August 1649. Condi however put a high value ou his services; 

 he was haughty and warm-tempered, and the cardinal was jealous and 

 suspicious. The result was, that after several court intrigues, and 

 plots and counterplots, Conde" wu arrested by order of tt.. 

 the cardinal, and kept in prison for about a year, when the parliament 

 of Paris obtained his deliverance. Being appointed governor of 

 Ciiienne, he treated with Spain, and soon after raised the standard 

 of revolt, ostensibly against the cardinal, who continued to exercise 

 the whole political power of the state in spite of the general dissatis- 

 faction. Comic 1 marched upon Paris, engaged Turenne in the I'.iu- 

 bourg St. Antoine, and entered Paris, where he bod the parliament in 

 his favour. The cardinal having at last consented to quit the court, 

 the king published an amnesty, and re-entered Pari-. 10.V.J; but the 

 Prince of Cond<5 retired to Flanders, where he served for several years 

 in the Spanish armies. He fought, in 1654, at Arras against Turenne, 

 who obliged him to retire, but the retreat wu effected with great skill. 

 In 1656 Condi, with Don Juan of Austria, defeated the Marshal de la 

 Ferte', and obliged Turenne to retire from before Valenciennes. In 

 1668 Condi! was defeated by Turenne near Duukerque, which town 

 wu taken by Louis XIV., and given up to the English, according to 

 an agreement with Cromwell. By the peace of the Biduoa, 1659, 

 Condd wu reinstated in all hi* honours with a full amnesty. In 1668 

 be served under Loui* XIV. in the conquest of Franche Comtd. In 

 1672, Louis having declared war against Holland, Condo coinu 

 one of the corps d'ann<5e which invaded that country; he took ' 

 and wu wounded at the passage of the Rhine, In 1674 he paiued the 

 bloody battle of Senef, in Flanders, against the Prince of Orange 

 (William III. of England), and relieved Oudennrde. In 1G75, after 

 Turenue was killed near S.v d<5 took the command of his 



army, and obliged Marshal Montecuccoli, who commanded the impe- 

 rial troops, to retire. This was Comic's last c:ini|>uu-n. Being 

 tormented by the gout, he left the service nnd retir- d to his estate 

 of Chantilly, where be spent his latter years in the society of i 

 letters. Racine, Boileau, Bossuet, and I'.oindnloiio were ofton hit 

 guests. He died at Fontainebleau iu 1686. His personal character hu 

 been variously represented. Bossuet is too panegyrical. The memoirs 

 of Count Jean de Coligny, who know him intimately, and which were 

 pnlili-hed in 1799, are too unfavourable and probably exugk" 

 j'CEuvres de Lemontey,' tonm v.) Like most of the men :; h in 

 office at the court of Louis XIV., their master included, Conde seem* 

 to have had but imperfect notions of moral principle. Desormeaux 

 hu written the ' Life of CondcV 4 vuR 12mo. The narrative of bis 

 campaigns is interesting in a military point of view. 



