471 



DACIKR, AKDRE. 



DAGCERRE, LOUIS JACQUES MANDfi. 



tan treated, nd wliioh a largo party in Hungary regarded as pene- 

 eutioD. Ha waa permitted to rcvwit Pesth, and tbre bia reputation 

 stood to high that in 1844, when the Academy decided that the great 

 work of compiling a national dictionary which it resolved to under- 

 take should be conducted under the superintendence of one individual, 

 the choice unanimously fell on Cxuczor. He was allowed to accept 

 the illustrious tak, and the advance he made was ao rapid that in 

 1648 he had already reached the letter I. la the revolution of that 

 year Ciucior joined the party of Kouutli, and in December gave 

 utterance to hii political feelings in an article in Kossuth's newspaper, 

 entitled ' Riado,' (' The Tocain.') The consequences to bimaelf were 

 raoat disastrous. On the 18th of January 1846 when the Anitriaiu 

 entered Pesth, he waa seised and taken before a military tribunal, which 

 condemns! him to aix yean' imprisonment in iron*. The president 

 of the Academy, Count Teleki, himself the historian of Hunyadi, of 

 whom Csucsor waa the poet, interceded with Prince Windischgratz for 

 a mitigation of punishment, chiefly on account of the national import- 

 ance of the lexicographical duties in which Czuczor was engaged, and 



on the 14th of February he waa, as a favour, released from his fetter*. 



On the 21st of May the Hungarian* took Buda by atorm, and among 



the prisoners whom they found in the castle w.ii Czuczor, who, by lii* 



intercession, aaved the lives of an Austrian regiment from tbe rage 



of tbe victors. Hi* health had so suffered by his imprisonment that 



be loft the capital for Tibany to try tbe effect of country air. The 



I final succeas of the Imperialists, aided by the Russians, left him no 



' choice except between imprisonment and exile, and be surrendered 



to General Kempen. Ho resumed hia labours on the dictionary at 



the Franciscan monastery at Peath, at which he waa fint confined, and 



at Kufstein to which be waa afterwards removed, he was allowed a 



I separate cell for that purpose. The amnesty of 1850 set him again 



; at liberty, and by the reports of the proceedings of the academy in 



the ' Uj Magyar Muieum,' we perceive that he is steadily advancing in 



| hia lexicographical labours. Our notice of hi* biography i< chiefly 



! taken from an article apparently by Schedel in the ' (Tjabb kori 



lameretek Tare,' published in 1850. 



T\ ACIER, ANDRE, waa bom at Castrw in 1651, and studied at S.iumnr 

 *' under Tanegny Lefevre, whose daughter Anne (born in 1654) he 

 married in 168S. Both husband and wife became eminent among the 

 classical scholars of the 17th century. They were employed with 

 othen to comment upon and edit a aeries of the luirient authors for 

 tbe dauphin, which form tbe collection ' Ad usum Delphini.' Madame 

 Dacier's commentaries are considered as superior to those of her 

 husband. She edited Calimachua, Floras, Aurelius Victor, Eutropius, 

 and tbe history which goes by the name of Dictys Cretensia, all of 

 which have been repeatedly reprinted, with her notes. She published 

 French translations of the Amphitryon, Kudenn, and Lepidicna of 

 Plautus, with a good preface; of the comedies of Terence, of the 

 Plntus and the Clouds of Aristophanes, and of Anacreon and Sappho. 

 She also translated tbe ' Iliad ' and the ' Odyssey,' with a preface and 

 note*. This led to a controversy between her and La Motte, who had 

 spoken slightingly of Homer. Madame Dacier wrote in 1714 ' Con- 

 side'rations sur lea Causes de la Corruption du Gout,' in which she 

 defended the cause of Homer with great vivacity, as she did also 

 against Father Hardouin, who bad written an ' Apology of Homer,' 

 which was more a censure than an apology. The warmth however 

 with which both the Dacier* resented anything that was said against 

 tbe ancient writers was carried to the extreme, and had at times some- 

 thing ludicrous in it ; but Madame Dacier's enthusiasm was real, and 

 unaccompanied by pedantry or conceit Neither did her learned 

 lucubrations make her neglect her domestic duties as a wife and a 

 mother ; and she waa generous and charitable towards the poor. She 

 died in 1720, and her husband in 1722. The latter, besides his editions 

 of the classics, translated also into French the works of Hippocrates, 

 the ' CEdipus ' and ' Electru ' of Sophocles, the ' Poetica ' of Aristotle, 

 and the lives of Plutarch, which last translation is inferior to Amyot's ; 

 he also translated Horace, but neither the translation nor tho notes 

 ore much esteemed. The ' Bibliotheque dea Anciens Philosophes,' 9 

 vols. 12mo, was published under Dacier's name, but he only furnished 

 some of Plato's dialogues and the Manual of Kpicti -tus. Dacier was a 

 member of the Academy of Inscriptions, secretary to the French 

 Academy, and keeper of the Cabinet of the Louvre, and he bad a 

 pension of 2000 francs from Louis XIV. 



jyAOIKCOURT, JEAN-BAPTISTE-LOUIS-VEROUX, was born 

 at Beauvais, April 7, 1730. He received a superior education, on 

 completing which he served for a abort time in a cavalry regiment, 

 but quitted it while yet young, and was named fermier-gdnc'ral by 

 Louis XIV. Having devoted himself to the study of archajulogy, he 

 in 1 777-7 v viaited England, Holland, and Germany, and spent the three 

 following yean in the chief cities of Italy, hi* object being to examine 

 the treasures of art and antiquities. He then returned to France, but 

 soon after went to reside in Rome, in order to prepare a work he had 

 long been meditating on the history of the fine arts. This very 

 ttensive and valuable production appeared in parts, and was only 

 completed in 1823, long after M. D'Agincourt's death. It was entitled 

 M.ll.itoire de 1'Art par les Monuments, depnis sa Decadence au 

 Quatricme Sicclc jusqu' h son Renouvellement au Seizieme,' and is in 

 vols. large folio, with 825 plates. The ' Hiatoire de 1'Art par les 

 Monuments,' though displaying no great grasp of mind, U a monument 

 to tho untiring industry of its author, and a work of great value to 

 the student by bringing together so great a variety of examples in all 



torre cinte,' 4to, Paris, 1814. He died at Rome, September 24, 1814. 

 DAOOBE'RT I., son of Clotarius II., succeed,- 1 him in M* in the 

 Frankwh monarchy. He gave his brother Caribert a part of Aquitania, 

 with the city of Toulouse ; but Caribert. dying in 630, Dagobert reunited 

 the whole monarchy under his sceptre, and caused Cliilperic, Coribert's 

 eldest son, to be put to death. Boggia, another son of Caribert, was 



the head of tho line of tho dukes of Aqnitaine and of the counts of 

 Armagnac. Dagobert sustained wars against the Saxons from England, 

 the Votcones of the Pyrenees, tho Slavonians, and tbo Breton*, and he 

 obliged Judicael, the prince of Brittany, to give him satisfaction for 

 tho incursion* which he bad made into his territories. When the 

 Bulgarians were flying from before tho Huns, they took refuge in 

 Austrasia, where Dagobert granted them au asylum ; but Boon after, 

 fearing that these guest* might become too powerful for him, be gave 

 order* to have them all massacred in one night, when lO.OOH families 

 were put to the sword. Dagobert was cruel and debauched, like all 

 the rest of the Merovingian kings ; and yet in tho old ballads and 

 chronicles he is called ' le bon Hoi Dagobert.' He published the law* 

 of the Frank* ; he encouraged commerce, and opened negociations for 

 that purpose with the Byzantine emperors ; and he made Paris bis 

 permanent residence. The wealth and splendour of his court are 

 extolled by the chroniclers. Eligius, or Eloi, n skilful goldsmith of 

 the time, became hi* treasurer and confidential minister, and w:> 

 in life made bishop of Noyon. Dagobert died in OSS in his thirty-sixth 

 year, and left two eons, Siegbert II., who succeeded him in Australia, 

 and Clovis II., who became king of Burgundy and NVustria, 



DAQOBE'RT II., son of Siegbert II., king of Austrasia, was shut up 

 in a convent after bis father's death in 656 by Grimoald, moire of the 

 palace, who gave the crown to his own son. Dagobert was sent to 

 Scotland, and the report of his death was spread in France. In 

 Scotland he married Mathilda, a Scotch princess, and after many years 

 returned, and was acknowledged king of Austrasia. He was murdered 

 in 679 by Ebroiu, maire of the palace of Thierri III., king of Burgundy 

 and Neustria. Pcpin d'Heristel succeeded Dagobert in Austrasia, not 

 as king, but with the title of duke. 



DAGOBE'RT III. succeeded his father Childebert III. as king of 

 tbe Frank* in 711. Pepin d'Heristel continued to enjoy the whole 

 authority, a* he had done under tho preceding reigns, owing to which 

 circumstance the nominal kings have been styled in hi.itory ' !.' 

 Fainoans.' Pepin died in 714, and Kainfroy succeeded as maire of tho 

 palace. In 715 Dagobert died, leaving a child called Thierri, who waa 

 afterwards called Thierri IV., and was set up as a nominal king by 

 Charles Martel, the natural son of Pepin d'Heristel. (Henacuenius, 

 Historical Dissertation on the Three Dogobertt, 4to, 1C53 ; Siimondi, 

 Hut. de> Frmcau ; Michelet, Ilitt. de Prance.) 



DAQUERRK, LOUIS JACQUES MANDK, was born in 1789 at 

 lie in the department of Seine-et-Oiae, France. At the outset 

 of life he obtained a situation in a government office, but he early 

 quilt' d that employment, and became a pupil of M. Degoti, scene- 

 painter at tho opera. As a scene-painter, Doguerre in a few years 

 surpassed his instructor, and placed himself on a level with the first 

 professors of that art in Paris, while he quickly extended tli. 

 bilities of the arrtiy various ingenious contrivances, which he invented 

 for producing increased pictorial effect He also assisted M. i 

 in the preparation of his panoramic views of the great cities of tho 

 world. The experience he thus acquired suggested to M. Dagiierro 

 tho idea of producing a kind of scenic exhibition, in which tbe illu- 

 sion should be more perfect than in the panorama, and he invented, in 

 conjunction with Bouton, a method of so throwing coloured lights 

 and shadows upon the view, as to produce the appearance of change 

 of season, day and night, storm and sunshine, &c. This they t 

 a diorama, and when exhibited, July 1822, in a circular structure 

 erected for tho purpose in Par!*, tho success wan complete. Tl> 

 diorama in fact, made what the Parisians term a sensation, and no 

 long time elapsed before Messrs. Bouton and Dagucrre erected a similar 

 building in London, to which each picture was removed, when it had 

 been exhibited for its season in Paris. For some seventeen 

 picture followed picture, each rivalling its predecessor, but in 1839 a 

 tire destroyed the building, and tbe view thon exhibiting in it. 

 Daguerre's loss was very great, and the building was not re-erected, as 



