497 



DANIEL, SAMUEL. 



DANIELL, JOHN FREDERICK. 



498 



ver.-des, and is very intolerant towards those whom he considers 

 heterodox. His style is feeble aud uninteresting. The best edition 

 of the history is that in 17 vols. 4to, Paris, 1755-60, with considerable 

 additions by Father Griffet. The other works of Pere Daniel are ; 

 1, ' Observations critiques sur 1'Histoire de France (Scrite par Mozerai,' 

 in which he endeavours to throw discredit on the rival historian, who, 

 although often inexact, is upon the whole more liberal-minded than 

 Daniel, for which reason he lost his pension. [COLBERT.] Both their 

 histories however were superseded by the better one of Velly and 

 Villaret, 1759 , 2, ' Histoire de la Milice Franchise,' exhibiting the 

 changes that had taken place in the French military establishment, 

 and system of discipline and tactics from the beginning of the 

 monarchy to the reign of Louis XIV. ; 3, ' Le Voyage au monde de 

 Descartes,' a kind of satire of the system of that philosopher ; and 

 several other minor works, among which the ' Entretiens de Cleandre 

 et d'Eudoxe,' are intended as a refutation of the ' Provinciates' of 

 Pascal Pure Daniel died in June 1728. 



DANIEL, SAMUEL, was born in Somersetshire in 1562, aud 

 educated at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, which however he left without a 

 degree, "his geuy being," according to Anthony a Wood, "more 

 prone to easier and smoother subjects than in pecking and hewing 

 at logic." He became tutor to Lady Anne Clifford, subsequently 

 Countess of Pembroke, and was afterwards groom of the privy 

 chamber to Anne, queen of James I. He is said to have been poet- 

 laurcat on Spender's death ; but it is more likely that he was only one of 

 many employed about the court in writing masques and birth-day odes, 

 and in thi capacity he seems to have stirred the wrath of Ben Jouson, 

 who probably held him in the light of a rival. Towards the end of 

 his life he retired into Somersetshire, where he died in 1619. 



His poems consist of an Heroic, in six books, on the wars of York 

 and Lancaster; it contains many stanzas in his beat style, uniting 

 much grace of language with sweetness of thought. Daniel partly 

 conformed to the fashion then prevailing, which consisted in a mode 

 of expression termed euphuism, so well known by the specimen given 

 in ' Kenilworth ; ' but a perusal of his works will show that, of the 

 numerous Latinised words which the revival of learning introduced 

 into our tongue, bis good taste prompted him to choose, with very 

 few exceptions, those which are at present in use ; that is, he only 

 admitted those which were really necessary to complete the language. 

 The poem next in length is ' Musophilus,' a dialogue between 

 Musophilus and Philocosmus. It is, we think, bis masterpiece both 

 in thought and execution ; the somewhat irregular terza-rima in 

 which it is written seems well adapted fur a union of sweetness and 

 continuity of thought The other poems contained in the edition of 

 1602 are, 'A Letter from Octavia to Mark Antony, which shows to a 

 striking extent that faculty peculiar to a true poet, which has been 

 called " dramatic power," but which would perhaps be better under- 

 stood by the words "power of identification," by which the poet 

 speaks naturally in any character ; ' The Tragedy of Cleopatra,' in 

 alternate rhymes, with chorusses on the antique model ; and ' The 

 Complaint of Rosamond,' who speaks from the infernal regions, but is 

 little encumbt red by classical imagery after the first few sentences. 

 ' The (J implaint ' is written in a seven-line stanza, of which the first 

 and third, the second, fourth, and fifth, and the two last, rhyme; 

 and contains much beautiful description as well as tender thought, 

 introducing sensuous imagery without the least approach to indelicacy 

 or impurity; indeed the whole character of his poems quite justifies 

 the somewhat quaint assertion of old Fuller that " he carried in his 

 Christian and surname two holy prophets, his monitors, so to qualify 

 his raptures that he abhorred all profaueness." Besides these poems, 

 are fifty-teven sonnets to Delia, neveral masques, odes, and epistles. His 

 prose works are, ' A H istory of England, in two parts, extending to 

 the reign of Edward III.,' and 'An Apology for llhynie,' which last 

 shows a close acquaintance with the rules and niceties of his art, and 

 contains several remarks on rhythm, iuteresting in illustration of the 

 change in pronunciation which had taken place since Chaucer. On 

 the whole, whether as a poet or a pro-e writer, Daniel has been most 

 undeservedly neglected. 



DANIELL. WILLIAM DANIELL, R.A., painter and engraver, was 

 born in 1769, and at the age of fourteen accompanied hi* uncle, 

 Thomas Daniell, to India. They commenced their journey at Cape 

 Comorin, and explored and sketched almost everything th;it was 

 beautiful or interesting in the country between that poiut aud Serina- 

 gur iu the Himalaya Mountains : this arduous undertaking employed 

 them ten years. They took an amazing number of sketches, many of 

 which they afterwards engraved and published in a large form, com- 

 prised in one great work entitled ' Oriental Scenery,' in 6 vols. folio, 

 completed in 1803. Five of these six volumes were engraved by or 

 under the direction of William; the remaining volume, containing 

 tho ' Caves of Ellora,' wag executed by Thomas from drawings by 

 James Wales. Besides the above work, William Daniell engraved 

 and published, between 1801 and 1814, the following works: 'A 

 Picturesque Voyage to India;' 'Zoography,' in coujunction with 

 Mr. W. Wood; 'Animated Nature,' 2 vols. ; a series of views entitled 

 ' The Docks; ' and ' The Hunchback,' afier R. Smirke, R.A. Between 

 1811 and 1825 he was chiefly engaged in a work of extraordinary 

 labour, entitled ' Voyage round Great Britain.' In this arduous under- 

 taking ho spent the summer of every year, collecting drawings and 



making notes. The difficulties he met with iu prosecuting this plan 

 were extreme, and had it not been for the cheering influence of the 

 hospitable reception which he occasionally experienced from persons 

 to whom he had letters of introduction, the accomplishment of his 

 task would have been impossible : " immense fatigue, exposure to 

 weather of all kinds, wretched fare, and still more wretched accommo- 

 dation, were his constant attendants." 



Besides those works, Daniell paiuted many large and interesting 

 oil-pictures of remarkable places or scenes in India. In 1832 he 

 painted, in conjunction with Mr. Paris, a panorama of Madras ; aud, 

 more recently, two others by himself ' The City of Luckuow,' and 

 ' The Elephant-Hunt ; ' and he was the chief contributor to the 

 ' Oriental Annual.' His style of colouring was rather hard aud red, 

 which arose perhaps from the climate of India aud the peculiar nature 

 of its scenery. He died in 1837. 



THOMAS DANIELL was likewise a member of the Koyal Academy, 

 and a very able landscape-painter and engraver ; he was originally a 

 heraldry paiuter. He published some works on India besides that 

 already mentioned. Ho was a fellow of the Royal, of the Asiatic, and 

 of the Antiquarian societies. He died iu 1810, aged ninety-one. 

 Another member of this family, SAMUEL DANIELL, also distinguished 

 himself by sume similar works. He spent three years at the Cape of 

 Qood Hope, and published, in 1808, some prints descriptive of the 

 scenery, habitations, costume, and character of the natives, aud au 

 account of the animals of Southern Africa. He published also, in 

 1808, illustrations of the scenery, aniuiuls, aud native inhabitants of 

 the island of Ceylou. 



DANIELL, JOHN FREDERICK, was born in Essex-street, Straud, 

 on the 12th of March 1790, and was the sou of Mr. George Dauiell, of 

 West Humble, Surrey, bencher of the Middle Temple. At an early 

 ago he became a pupil of Pi ofessor Brand*, in whose society he made 

 several tours. Mr. Daniell entered originally into business us a sugar- 

 refiner, but his fondness fur scientific investigations, manifested at a 

 vi ry early age, prevailed, and he soon relinquished business for pur- 

 suits more congenial to his taste. In 1814 he became a Fellow of the 

 Royal Society. In 1816, associated with Professor Brande, he com- 

 menced the ' Quarterly Journal of Science and Art," the first twenty 

 volumes of which were published under their joint superintendence. 

 He married iu the following year Charlotte, youngest daughter of the 

 late Sir W. Kule, surveyor of the navy. From this tiuie to his death 

 hardly a single year elapsed without the appearance of one or more 

 essays on chemical or meteorological subjects from the pen of Mr. 

 Daniell. In 1820 he publiihed the account of his new hydrometer, au 

 instrument which, for the first time, reudered regular aud accurate 

 observations on the dryness and moisture of the air practicable. Iu 

 this instrument he applied the principle of the cryophorus of Wollas- 

 ton to obtain the requisite cold for the production of dew upon a ball 

 of dark-coloured glass containing ether. The temperature of the 

 inclosed ether is measured by a delicate thermometer without the 

 bulb, and corresponds with the dew-point. This instrument has been 

 extensively employed in all climates, and has been of tho greatest 

 service to meteorology. In 1823 appeared his great work, 'Meteoro- 

 logical Essays;' a second edition was published in 1827, and he was 

 engaged in revising proofs of the third edition at the time of his 

 death. This was the first synthetic attempt to explain the geueral 

 principles of meteorology by the known laws which regulate the 

 temperature and constitution of gases and vapours, aud in which the 

 scattered observations and isolated phenomena presented by the 

 earth's atmosphere were considered iu their most extensive and general 

 bearings. One of the most interesting of his theories connected with 

 meteorology was that which he proposed to account for the horary 

 oscillations or periodic daily rise and full of the barometer, by which 

 he predicted the occurrence of a fall near the poles coincident with 

 the rise at the equator. Actual observations soon confirmed the 

 accuracy of his theory, and the existence of this unsuspected 

 phenomenon was established beyond dispute. In the year 1824 he 

 published an ' Essay on Artificial Climate,' for which lie received the 

 silver medal of the Horticultural Society. Dr. Lindley has expressed 

 a strong opinion on the practical value of this paper in completely 

 revolutionising the methods of horticulture till then adopted. 



About this period Mr. Daniell became managing director to the 

 Continental Gas Company, and travelled through most of the principal 

 European cities with Sir W. Congreve and Colouel Landmaun, making 

 the arrangements by which many of them are lighted at the present 

 day. He also invented a new process for obtaining inflammable gas 

 from resin, which was successfully applied to the lighting of some of 

 the large towns in America. 



On tho establishment of King's College in 1831, Mr. Daniell was 

 appointed professor of chemistry, the duties of which ollice ho dis- 

 charged till his death. About this time he published the account of 

 his new pyrometer, an instrument far superior to any that had been 

 invented, for measuring high temperatures, such as those for fusing 

 metals, furnace?, &c. For this simple aud perfect invention, the 

 lloyal Society, in 1832, awarded him the Ruinford modal. From this 

 time his attention seems to have been principally devoted to voltaic 

 electricity. In 1836 he cimmuuicated to the Koyal Society a paper 

 in which he described his valuable improvement in tho voltaic battery . 

 In thU communication ho traced the causo of the rapid decliuo of 



