D HILL1KUS, BARAGUAY, MARSHAL. 



DIBDIN, THOMAS. 



g 



in tba (Treat Italian campaign* of 1796-97 under Bonaparte, was made 

 general of clivi.ion March 10, 1797, and accompanied Bonaparte to 

 E#rypt On the Mtli uf June 1804, he reocied the rank of grand 

 officer of the Legion of Honour. During the campaign of 1805, 

 General Banguay d'Hillien greatly distinguished himself, especially 

 at the battlu of Elchingen. He defeated, with hit single divuiou, a 

 strong bo>ty of Austrian* at Waldmiinchen ; and at Bolsen all the 

 military store* fell into his band*. In 1806 he held a command in 

 Friuli, and two years after was named govtruor of Venice. He like- 

 wise took part in the Peninsular war in 1810 and 1811; but here 

 i-nilv d the lung series of his successes. Dunne; the disastrous cum- 

 paign in Uunia, he fell with nearly all hi* division into the enemy's 

 hands, was bitterly censured by Napoleon, and this reproof broke his 

 heart. He died a few months after this disgrace, in IS 12, at Berlin. 

 (Xoureltc Iliuyraj'hit Giniralt.) 



D'HILUKRS, BARAOUAY, MARSHAL, the son of the republi- 

 can general noticed above, was born on the 6th of September 1795. 

 He studied for some time at a military college, entered the army as 

 tub-lieutenant in 1812, and served during the arduous Russian cam- 

 paign. The following year he became one of the aides-de-camp of 

 Marshal Marmont, and was present in several of the fierce battles of 

 1813 in Germany, being badly wounded in the head at Kulinsee, and 

 having bis fore-arm shattered by a cannon-hall at the battle of Leipsig, 

 October 18, 1813. Soon after he went to Spain, and on the 8th of 

 June 1816 was rais<d to the rank of captain. In 1S23 he accompanied 

 the Duke of AngoulAme into Spain, and was made major of the 

 2nd regiment of foot-guards, October 4, 1826. In 1830 he joined the 

 expedition of General Bounnont against Algiers, aad after the capture 

 of that city was created colonel Shortly after the revolution of July 

 (1S30) he was rained to the important office of governor of the 

 military school of Saint-Cyr, and in 1832 suppressed a republican plot 

 withiu the walls of the institution ; two of the ringleaders, Trevenenc 

 and Guimard, afterwards became his colleagues in the National 

 Assembly. On the 29th of September 1836 he was made major- 

 general, and lieutenant-general in 1843. The following year he was 

 sent to Algeria, and had the command of Constantino. 



After the fall of Louis Philippe in 1848, General Baraeuay d'Hilliers 

 received the command of Besancon, and in 1849 was appointed com- 

 mander-in-cbief of the principal corpi-d'armde of the Mediterranean. 

 The same year he was despatched to Rome, on a mission to the pope. 

 After his reiurn from Italy he was promoted to the command of the 

 3rd Military Division, May 4, 1850. In November 1853 he was sent 

 as ambassador to Constantinople ; but in consequence of a difference 

 of opinion among the diplomatic agents, M. Baraguay d'Hillicrs 

 requented to be recalled, and he was appointed by the emperor to 

 the command of the French military force sent to the Baltic. There 

 his principal achievement was the capture, in concert with the English 

 force, of Bomarsuud, August 1854. For this service ho was created 

 a marshal of France, lie is now one of the vice-presidents of the 

 senate, and has received the grand cross of the Legion of Honour. 

 The marshal is in his sixty-first year, and has been forty-four yean in 

 the service, undec six different governments. 



(Xourtllr Biographic Glntralc ; Diction, de Coavenation.) 



DIADUMENIA'NUS, MARCUS OPE'LIUS ANTONI'NUS, was 

 the son of Macrinus, who was proclaimed emperor by the soldiers 

 after the murder of Caracalla, A.D. 217. After his father'* elevation, 

 Diadun enianua, who wu then at Autioch, was proclaimed Ciesar by 

 the soldiers, and confirmed by the senate at Home. He was not 

 quite ten years of age, but is laid to have been very handsome and 

 graceful in hi* person. The reign of Macrinu* lasted only fourteen 

 months ; a military insurrection, rxcited >>y Ma-sa, the aunt of Cara- 

 calla, who wihed to put on the throne her grandson llassianus, also 

 called Heliogabalua, led to the overthrow of Macrinui, who WHS 

 d< feated near Antioch, and afterward* made prisoner, but killed him- 

 self. DisduuieuUiiLs, who had escaped from Antioch, was also seized 

 and put to death, A.D. 218. He has been numbered among the 

 emperors, became bis father in the latter day* of hi* reign is said to 

 have proclaimed him Augustus and his colleague in the empire. 

 DiadaineniaDUS is celebrated for hi* marvellous beauty ; Lampriilinn 

 is especially eloquent on this theme. (Lampridius hi Jlulvriit 

 Dion, f iiome, B. 78.) 



MM* y. 



Coin of Diidumenlantu. 

 Actual SUM. Copiw. Weight Mil grain*. 



DIA'QORAS OF MELOS, known alto by the name of the Atheist, 

 flourished, according to Suidasio, th 78th Olympiad, B.CL 468-65. 

 Mr. Cliuton has adopted this data; but ScaliRer (in Euseb. '(.'linn.' 

 p. 101) placed him oun*id> rnbljr later, fixing his flight from Athens in 

 the year B.C. 416; and he has been generally followed. The data 

 which Mr. Clinton has taken is the more probable. Diaeoras is chiefly 

 known for his asserted open denial of the existence of gods ; but it may 

 be doubted whether this was more than a popular prejudice : what 

 is known of his writings gives no support to the charge of atheism, 

 but the common opinion of the ancient* fixes the charge upon him. 

 Diagora* is caid to have broached atheism on seeing a man who had 

 stolen one of his writings and published it a* his own go unpunished 

 for the crime. (Sext. Einpir. ' adv. Math.' p. 318.) On account of 

 this atheism it is generally said that the Athenians put a price upon 

 his head, oflvring a talent to any who should kill him, and two to 

 any ono who should bring him alive ; though Suidos, Athenagoras, 

 and Tatian attribute the indignation of tho Athenians, and the sub- 

 sequent flight of Diagora*, to hia having divulged the nature of lorne 

 of their mysteries. It is not impossible however that this was one of 

 the overt acts by which his character for atheism was established ; in 

 which case the two accounts, which seem to dili'er, would really 

 coincide. He is said to have been bought as a slnve by Democritus, 

 and also to have met his d-ath by shipwreck. (Athen. xiii. p. 611, B.) 

 Aristophanes in his play of the ' Clouds,' one object of which was to 

 raise a religious outcry against Socrates, has maliciously fastened on 

 him the odious name of the Mrlian. (' Clouds,' 830.) 



.Kliau (' Var. Hist.' ii. 23) says that Diagona assisted Nicodorus in 

 drawing up the laws of the Mantineans. Diagoras was also a lyric 

 poet, though some, apparently without sufficient grounds, havo 

 attempted to separate the lyric poet from the atheist. 



(Bayle, Dictionary ; Pabricius, jBibliolhtca Gneca, ed. Harles, vol. ii. 

 pp. 119 and 655; Meier in Gruber's Allgem. Enc. xxiv. pp. 439-48.) 



DIBDIN, CHARLES, in whose person the British bard may be 

 said to have been revived, was born in 1745 at Southampton, near 

 which place his grandfather, a considerable merchant, founded a 

 village that bears his name. When Charles Dibdin was born, his 

 mother had reached her fiftieth year, and he was her eighteenth child. 

 He had a brother, Thomas, twenty-nine years older than himself, on 

 whose death he wrote the beautiful ballad ' Poor Tom Bowline;.' This 

 gentleman was captain of an Kost-Iudiaman, and father of Thomas 

 Frognall Dibdin, D.D. 



The subject of the present notice was educated at Winchester, and 

 originally designed for the clerical profession. But his love for music 

 predominated, and after receiving some instruction from the cele- 

 brate,! Kent, organist of Winchester Cathedral, he was sent to London, 

 and commenced his career, as poet and musician, at the early age of 

 sixteen, when he produced an opera at Covent Garden Theatre, written 

 and composed by himself, called ' The Shepherd's Artifice.' A few 

 years after he appeared as an actor, and was, in 1768, the original 

 Muugo in his own ' Padlock.' In 1778 he became musical manager of 

 Covent Garden theatre, at a salary of ten pounds a week. About 1782 

 he built the Circus theatre (afterwards opened under the name of tho 

 Surrey), which continued under his management some three or four 

 years. In 1788 he published his ' Musical Tour,' in one vol. 4to; and 

 in 1789 presented to the public, at Hutchiua's auction rooms, King 

 Street, Covent Garden, the first of those entertainments whereby he so 

 (Miiin intly distinguished himself, and of which he was sole author, 

 composer, and performer, under the title of 'The Whim of tho 

 Moment.' In this, among sixteen other songs, was the ballad 'Poor 

 Jack,' an eflusion of genius that immediately established his impu- 

 tation, both as a lyric poet and melodist Tho year 1791 saw Dibdin 

 in his Sans Souci, an exhibition- room in the Strand, fitted up by 

 him; and in 1796 be erected a small theatre in Leicester Fields, 

 giving it the above-named title. This he sold in 1805, and retired 

 from public life ; but not having been provident while the means of 

 making some provision for the future were in his power, hia < 

 was not accompanied by independence. This having been prop' rly 

 repn sented, government granted him a pension of '2001. per annum, 

 an act evincing both a sense of justice ami a right furling. Of this he 

 was for a time deprived by Lord Orenville, but a more liberal ministry 

 restored it Towards the close of th year 1813 he was attacked by 

 paralysi*, and died in the July following. Mr. Dibdin published one 

 or two novels, and some smaller work*, but his fame is built on his 

 songs, of which so prolific was his muse, and so great his facility in 

 composition ho produced the au.aziug number of nine hundred ! 

 Out of this large number we may readily acknowledge a considerable 

 portion to be comparatively worthies*. His sea songs however have 

 become permanent favourites, and it is raid that, during the war, their 

 influence was most strongly felt io snpplj ing the navy wilh volunteers. 

 And it is not too much to say that no English song wiiter ever pro- 

 duced DO many ballads ro thoroughly adapted to the popular taste, and 

 which, a* has been truly said, ate so generally "on the sideol virtue;" 

 humanity, constancy, love of country, and courage being aluiont always 

 the sul jicts of his song and the themes of his praise. 



DIBDIN, THOMAS, one of the son* of Charles Dibdin, was born 

 in 1771. After having spent some time at a school in the north of 

 England, he was apprenticed at the age of sixteen to an upholsterer in 

 London, whom he served for four years, llu then joined a company 



