D'HILLIERS, BARAOUAY. MARSHAL. 



DIBDIN, THOMAS. 



in the prrt Italian campaigns of 1796-97 under Bonaparte, wms nude 

 general of diviaion March 10, 1797, and accompanied Bonaparte t. 

 Epypt. On t'ne 14th of June 1804, be received the rank of grand 

 officer of the Legion of Honour. During (he campaign of 1805, 

 General Baraguay d'Hilliers greatly distinguished Mum If, especially 

 at the battle of Elchingeu. He defeated, with hit single division, a 

 strong body of Austriana at Waldmiinchen ; and at Bolsen all the 

 military store* fell into his hands. In 1800 he held a command in 

 Kriuli, and two years after was named governor of Venice, He like- 

 wise took part in the Peninsular war in 1810 and 1811; but here 

 ended the long series of his successes. During the disastrous cam- 

 paign in Russia, he fell with nearly all his division into the enemy's 

 hands, was bitterly censured by Napoleon, and this reproof broke his 

 heart. He died a few months after this disgrace, in 1S12, at Berlin. 

 (Xourtllc Biographic GtairaU.) 



D'HILLIKKS. HAKAOUAY, MARSHAL, the son of the republi- 

 can general noticed above, was born on the 6th of September 1795. 

 He studied for some time at a military college, entered the army as 

 sub-lieutenant in 1S12, and served during the arduous Russian cam- 

 paign. The following year he became one of the aides-de-camp of 

 Marshal Marmont, and was present in several of the fierce battles of 

 1S13 in Germany, being badly wounded in the head at Kulmsee, and 

 having his fore-arm shattered by a cannon-ball at the battle of Leipaig, 

 October 18, 1813. Soon after he went to Spain, and on the 8th of 

 June 1316 was raised to the rank of captain. In 1823 he accompanied 

 the Duke of Angoultme into Spain, and was made major of the 

 2nd regiment of foot-guards, October 4, 1826. In 1830 he joined the 

 expedition of General Bourmont against Algiers, and after the capture 

 of that city was created colonel Shortly after the revolution of July 

 (1830) he was raided to the important office of governor of the 

 military school of Suint-Cyr, and in 1832 suppressed a republican plot 

 within the walls of the institution ; two of the ringleaders, Trevenenc 

 and Guimard, afterwards became his colleagues in the National 

 Assembly. On the 29th of September 1833 be was made major- 

 general, and lieutenant-general in 1843. The following year he was 

 sent to Algeria, and bod the command of Consbintina. 



After the fall of Louis Philippe in 1848, General Baraguay d'Hilliera 

 received the command of Besuncon, and in 1849 was appointed Com- 

 mander-in-chief of the principal corps-d'armce of the Mediterranean. 

 The same j tar be was despatched to Rome, on a mission to the pope. 

 After his return from Italy he was promoted to the command of the 

 3rd Military Division, May 4, 1850. In November 1853 he was sent 

 as ambassador to Constantinople ; but in consequence of a difference 

 of opinion among the diplomatic agents, M. Baraguay d'Hillicrs 

 requested to be recalled, and he was appointed by the emperor to 

 the command of the French military force sent to the Baltic. There 

 his principal achievement was the capture, in concert with the English 

 force, of Bomarsuud, August 1854. For this service he was created 

 a marshal of France, lie is now one of the vice-presidents of the 

 senate, and has received the grand cross of the Legion of Honour. 

 The marshal is in bis sixty-first year, and has been forty-four yean in 

 the service, undec six different governments. 



(Nuvrtllr JiioynifJiic (icnfrale ; Diction, de Canveriation.) 



DUDDMKKIA'NUB, MARCUS OPE'LIUS ANTONI'NUS, was 

 the son of Maorinua, who was proclaimed emperor by the soldiers 

 after the murder of Carar alia, A.D. 217. After his father's elevation, 

 Diadun euianua, who wu then at Autiocb, was proclaimed Ciesar by 

 the soldiers, and confirmed by the senate at Home. He was not 

 quite ten years of age, but is said to have been very handsome and 

 graceful in bis person. The reign of Mocrinus lasted only fourteen 

 months ; a military insurrection, ixcited t>y Msjsa, the aunt of Care- 

 talla, who withed to put on the throne her grandson Baasianus, also 

 called Heliogabalus, led to the overthrow of Macrinus, who WHS 

 defeated near Antioch, and afterwards made prisoner, but killed him- 

 self. Diaduuieiiiauus, who bad escaped from Antioch, was also seized 

 and put to death, A.D. 218. He has been numbered among the 

 emperors, became bis father in the latter days of his reign is said to 

 bave proclaimed him Augustus and bis colleague in the empire. 

 Diaduiuenianus is celebrated for hi* marvellous beauty ; Lampriilius 

 is especially eloquent on this theme. (Lampridius in Jiutvriit 

 ; Dion, fyilomi, B. 73.) 



Coin of l)i(lumenlaan<. 

 BriUsk Mutual. Actual SUN. Copiw. Weight S4ij grsias. 



DIA'OORAS OF MELOS. known also by the name of the Atheist, 

 flourished, accord: i.uiu, the 7Sth olympiad, R.O. ; 



Mr. Clinton has adopted this dnte; but Scalier (in Euseb. 'Cbrun.' 

 p. 101) placed him oousidtrtibly later, fixing his flight from Athen- in 

 the year B.C. 415; and he has been generally followed. The date 

 which Mr. Clinton has taken is the more probable. Diaeoras is clm-tly 

 known for his asserted open denial of the existence of gods ; but it may 

 be doubted whether this was more than a popular prejudice : what 

 is known of his writings gives no support to the charge of atheism, 

 but the common opinion of the ancients fixes the charge upon him. 

 Diagoras is said to have broached atheism on seeing a man who had 

 stolen one of his writings and published it as his own go unpunished 

 for the crime. (Sext. Kmpir. 'adv. Math.' p. 318.) On account of 

 this atheism it is generally said that the Athenians put a price upon 

 his bead, offering a talent to any who should kill him, and two to 

 any one who should bring him alive ; though Suidos, Athenagoras, 

 and Tatian attribute the indignation of the Athenians, and the sub- 

 sequent flight of Diagoras. to his having divulged the nature of some 

 of their mysteries. It is not impossible however that this was one of 

 the overt acts by which his character for atheism was established ; in 

 which case the two accounts, which seem to differ, would really 

 coincide. He is said to have been bought as a slave by Democritus, 

 and also to have met his d-ath by shipwreck. (Athen. xiii. p. 611, B.) 

 Aristophanes in his play of the ' Clouds,' one object of which wag to 

 raise a religious outcry against Socrates, has maliciously fastened on 

 him the odious name of the M<-lian. (' Clouds,' 830.) 



./Elian (' Var. Hist.' ii. 23) says that Diagoras assisted Nicodorus in 

 drawing up the laws of the Mantineaus. Diagoras was also a lyric 

 poet, though some, apparently without sufficient grounds, have 

 attempted to separate the lyric poet from the atheist. 



(Bayle, Dictionary ; Fabriciua, BibLiothecu Graca, ed. Harles, voL ii. 

 pp. 119 and 655; Meier in Gruber's Allgcm. EHC. xxiv. pp. 439-48.) 



DIBDIN, CHARLES, in whose person the British bard may b* 

 said to have been revived, was born in 1745 at Southampton, near 

 which place bis grandfather, a considerable merchant, founded a 

 village that bears his name. When Charles Dibdin was born, hi* 

 mother had reached her fiftieth year, and he was her eighteenth child. 

 He had a brother, Thomas, twenty-nine years older than himself, on 

 whose death he wrote the beautiful ballad ' Poor Tom lion-lint;.' This 

 gentleman wag captain of an Kast-Iudiaman, and father of Thomas 

 Froguall Dibdin, D.D. 



The subject of the present notice was educated at Winchester, and 

 originally designed for the clerical profession, but hia love for mu.-ic 

 predominated, and after receiving some instruction from the cele- 

 brated Kent, organist <>f Winchester Cathedral, he was sent to London, 

 and commenced his career, as poet and musician, at the early age of 

 sixteen, when he produced an opera at Covent Garden Theatre, v 

 and composed by himself, called 'The Shepherd's Artifice.' A few 

 years after he appeared as an actor, and was, in 1768, the original 

 Mungo in his own ' Padlock.' In 1778 he became musical manager of 

 Covent Garden theatre, at a salary of ten pounds a week. About 1782 

 he built the Circus theatre (afterwards opened under the name of the 

 Surrey), which continued under his management some three or four 

 years. In 1788 he published his ' Musical Tour,' in one vol. 4to; and 

 in 1789 presented to the public, at Hutchina's auction rooms, King 

 Street, Covent Garden, the first of those entertainments whereby he so 

 eminently distinguished himself, and of which he was sole author, 

 composer, and performer, under the title of ' The Whim of the 

 Moment.' In this, among sixteen other songs, was the ballad ' Poor 

 Jack,' an efiuniou of genius that immediately established his irpu- 

 Utiuii, both as a lyric poet and melodist The year 1791 saw Dibdin 

 in bis Sans Souci, an exhibition- room in the Strand, fitted up l>y 

 him; and in 1796 he erected a small thtatre in Leice.-u-r Fields', 

 giving it the above-named title. This he sold in 1805, and , 

 from public life ; but not having been provident while the means of 

 making some provision for the future were iu his power, hia : 

 was not accompanied by ind< This having been prup< rly 



represented, government grunted him a pension of '2001. per annum, 

 an act evincing both a sense of justice ami a right furling. Of this he 

 was for a time deprived by Lord Grenville, but a more liberal miuiatry 

 restored it. Towards the close of th year !M:t he was attacked by 

 paralysiii, and died in the July following. Mr. Dibdin published one 

 or inn novels, and some smaller works, but hia fame is built <>n lii 

 soiign, of which so prolific was bis muse, and so great his far. 

 composition be produced the amazing number of nine hundred I 

 Out of this large number we may readily acknowledge a considerable 

 portion to be comparatively worthless. }1 in ea songs however have 

 become permanent favourite*, and it is raid that, during the war, their 

 influence was most strongly felt in supplying the navy with volunteers. 

 And it is not too much to ssy that no English song wiiter ever pro- 

 duced KO ninny ballads i-o thoroughly adapted to the popular taste, and 

 which, as has been truly said, aie BO generally " on the ude ol virtue;" 

 humanity, constancy, lore of country, and courage being aliuoat always 

 the sul jt-cts of his song and the themen of bis praise. 



DIBDIN, THOMAS, one of the sons of Charles Dibdiu, was born 

 in 1771. After having spent some time at a school in the north of 

 England, he was apprenticed t the age of sixteen to an uuhohii' 

 London, whom he served for four yean, lie then joined a company 



