DOPPELMAYER, JOHANN GABRIEL. 



DORIGNY, SIR NICOLAS. 



634 



Society of Arts, Amsterdam, and of the Pennsylvania!! Academy of 

 the Fine arts, and a corresponding member of the Academy of the 

 Fine Arts, Parma. Mr. Doo waa elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, 

 June 5, 1851. 



DOPPELMAYER, JOHANN GABRIEL, a German mathematician, 

 born at Nurnberg in 1671, was the son of a trader in that city, who 

 had distinguished himself by his taste for physics, and is said to have 

 made some improvements in the air-pump. Johann was sent for 

 instruction to Altorf, and he completed his education at the University 

 of Halle, where he applied himself to the study of the law ; but, 

 abandoning this pursuit, he cultivated with diligence the different 

 branches of natural philosophy. In 1700 he made a journey to Basel, 

 whence he proceeded to Holland, and he subsequently visited England. 

 After an absence of two years he returned to Nurnberg, where in 1704 

 he was appointed professor of mathematics and astronomy, which post 

 he held during the remainder of his life. In December 1733 he was 

 admitted a fellow of the Royal Society of London, and in 1740 a 

 member of the academies of Sciences at St. Petersburg and Berlin. 

 He died December 1, 1750. 



Doppelmayer was acquainted with the French, Italian, and English 

 languages, besides Latin and his native tongue. He had acquired 

 considerable skill in grinding lenses for object-glasses, and in polishing 

 specula for reflecting telescopes ; and in the latter part of bis life he 

 distinguished himself by the performance of electrical experiments. 

 Me published in German (1714), and also in Latin (1731), an 'Intro- 

 duction to Geography,' as an accompaniment to the 'Atlas' of Homann ; 

 at of the Mathematicians and Artists of Nurnberg, 1 in German 

 (1730); and a ' Celestial Atlas,' engraved on thirty plates, with descrip- 

 tions in Latin (1742); a translation, in Latin, of Street's ' Astronomical 

 Tables ;' also translations, in German, of Wilkins's ' Defence of Coper- 

 nicus,' and of Bion's ' Traitd de la Construction, etc , des Instruments 

 d' Astronomic ;' but hU principal work is one entitled ' Neu-entdeckte 

 Phenomena von Bewunderns-wiirdigen Wiirokungen der Natur, welche 

 bey der fast alien Corpora zukommendeu electrischen Kraft in eineni 

 Syatemati vorstellig gemacht,' 4to, Nurnberg, 1774. 



DORAT, CLAUDE JOSEPH, was born at Paris, December 31, 1734. 

 He was educated for the bar, but having a considerable fortune, ho 

 devoted himself entirely to poetry, and produced a number of tragedies, 

 which, though some were successful, drew on him torrents of ridicule 

 from contemporary wits. He seema however to have attained some 

 reputation as a writer of the lighter class of poems. He had a great 

 passion for bringing out splendid editions of his own works, the cost 

 of which consumed bis fortune. He died on the 29th of April 1780. 

 The works of Dorat fill twenty volumes, but they are not highly 

 estimated. La Harpe will scarcely allow him mediocrity. ' La 

 Declamation Thdatrale,' a work on the proper department of actors, 

 is considered his chef-d'ceuvre ; but, though it is replete with whole- 

 some advice to performers, it is deficient in everything that can be 

 called poetry. His lighter tales in verse are told with naivete' and 

 humour : of these ' Alphonse ' enjoys the best reputation, but they are 

 terribly indecent. HU dramas are entirely forgotten. The edition of 

 the works of Dorat in twenty volumes is adorned with engravings 

 superior to most works of the time ; and though we may blame the 

 author for his prodigality, we must not refuse the praise which is due 

 to his taste, considering that these choice engravings were made at his 

 own suggestion. 



DO'RIA, ANDRE' A, was born iu 1460 at Oneglia, in the western 

 Riviera of Genoa, of an ancient noble family, to which Oneglia 

 belonged as an imperial fief. Having lost his parents at an early age, 

 Doria embraced the profession of arms, served under several princes 

 in various parts of Italy, and lastly entered the service of Francis I., 

 who made him commander of his fleet in the Mediterranean. Genoa 

 had been for a long time distracted by factions, which had brought it 

 under the dominion or protection, as it was styled, of the Visconti 

 and Sforza, dukes of Milan. The French having conquered the duchy 

 of Milan, placed a garrison in Genoa, upon condition of respecting the 

 liberties of the citizens, a promise which they kept with the usual 

 faith of conquerors. The citizens were oppressed in various ways, and 

 Doria having remonstrated with the agents of Francis in behalf of his 

 countrymen, a secret order came for his arrest, just after his nephew 

 and lieutenant, Filippiuo Doria, had gained an important victory for 

 the French over the imperial fleet near the coast of Naples in 1528. 

 The French were then besieging Naples by laud. Barbezieux, a French 

 naval officer, was sent to Genoa with twelve galleys to seize on the 

 person of Andrea Uoria, who, having had intimation of this design, 

 retired into the Gulf of La Spezia, sent for his nephew to join him 

 with the galleys which he had fitted out at his own expense, and 

 offered his services to Charles V., who received him with open arms. 

 Uoria stipulated with Charles that Genoa, an soon as it was freed from 

 the French, should be restored to its independence under the imperial 

 protection, but no foreign garrison or government should be admitted 

 into it. At the same time he engaged to serve the emperor with 

 twelve galleys, fitted out by himself, which number was afterwards 

 raised to fifteen, for which Charles agreed to pay him 90,000 ducats 

 a year. 



Doria Boon after appeared before Genoa with his little squadron, 

 nnd, being favoured by the inhabitants, he obtained possession of the 

 city, and drove the French away. It is said that Charles offered him 



MOO. HIV. VOL, II. 



the sovereignty of Genoa ; but Doria preferred a nobler course. He 

 re-organised the government of the republic, and, in order to extin- 

 guish the factions, he named a certain number of families of nobles 

 I and citizens, out of which the legislative council was to be chosen 

 : annually. New families might be added to the number from time to 

 I time. A 'aignoria,' or council of sixteen, with a doge, renewed every 

 i two years, composed the executive, and five censors were appointed 

 for five years as guardians of the laws. Doria waa appointed censor 

 for life, with the title of ' Father and Liberator of his Country.' He 

 j now resumed his naval career as admiral of Charles V., and distin- 

 1 guished himself against the Turks and the Barbary pirates. He 

 escorted Charles V. to the expedition of Tunis in 1535, and con- 

 tributed greatly to the taking of the place. In 1538 he joined the 

 Venetian fleet off Corfu, when he lost the opportunity of attacking, 

 with every chance of success, the Turkish armament commanded by 

 the famous Barbarossa. [BARBAROSSA.] Hia conduct on the occasion 

 waa attributed to secret instructions from the emperor. In 1541 

 Doria commanded the fleet in the expedition of Charlea V. against 

 Algiers, from which he is said to have tried in vain to dissuade the 

 emperor. It turned out as he had foreseen, and he could only save 

 the emperor with a small part of the army. In his old age Doria 

 retired to Genoa, where he lived in great splendour and reputation, 

 the first among his fellow-citizens, respected by all, and consulted 

 upon all matters of importance. Charles V. created him Prince of 

 Melfi and Tarsi in the kingdom of Naples. At the beginning of 1547 

 his life was threatened by the conspiracy of Ficschi; his nephew 

 Giannettino was murdered, but Andrea escaped, and Fieschi perished 

 in the attempt. A few months after a fresh conspiracy was formed 

 against him by Giulio Cibo, a Genoese emigrant, who however was 

 discovered and executed. In 1548 some of the ministers of the 

 emperor proposed to build a fortress and introduce a Spanish garrison 

 in Genoa, under the pretence of preventing any new conspiracies, but 

 the Genoese appealed to Doria, who interposed and prevented the 

 execution of the project. In 1552, Doria, then eighty-five years old, 

 went to sea again, to attack his old enemies the Turks, who, under 

 Dragut Reis, were ravaging the coast of Naples. Doria lost some of 

 his galleys, which were surprised by the Turks, but Dragut sailed 

 away for the Levant. In 1556 he resigned his command to his 

 nephew, Gian Andrea Doria, who waa confirmed aa admiral by 

 Philip II. Andrea Doria died in his palace at Genoa, in November 

 1560, being then ninety-four yeara of age. He left no issue, and no 

 very large fortune, owing to his splendid way of living and generous 

 disposition. The Genoese paid great honours to his memory, and 

 lamented his death as a public calamity. 



Doria was one of the greatest characters that Italy produced during 

 the middle ages, and one of the few that were fortunate to the last. 

 Several individual* of his family have distinguished themselves at 

 various times in the service of the republic of Genoa. A branch of 

 the Doria family are settled at Rome, with the title of princes. 



(Casoni, Annali di Genova; Botta, Sloria <f Italia.) 



DORIQ*JY, SIR NICOLAS, a distinguished French designer and 

 engraver, was born at Paris iu 1657. He was the sou of Michel 

 Dorigny, a painter and engraver of some celebrity in his day, who 

 married Vouet's daughter; but his father died when ho was very young, 

 and Nicolas was educated as an advocate. His taste however led him to 

 follow the arts as a profession, and he accordingly went to his brother 

 Louis at Rome, who was, like his father, a painter and engraver, and 

 put himself under his tuition. He lived twenty-eight year 1 : iu Italy, 

 devoting his time chiefly to etching and engraving, and he became one 

 of the first of the French historical engravers in his style, being 

 inferior to Girard Audran alone. His works are however very hard, 

 though they are drawn with great vigour and abound in expression, 

 and his bold heavy lines appear to have been executed with extreme 

 ease ; but there is no delicacy of light and shade or tone in any of Ids 

 worka. 



Dorigny engraved many celebrated Italian paintings during his long 

 stay in Italy, including three of the best pictures in Rome : the 

 'Transfiguration,' by Raffaelle, in 1705, on the whole his finest work ; 

 the 'Taking Down from the Cross,' by Daniele da Volterra, in 1710 ; 

 and the 'Lame Man Healed by St. Peter,' by Cigoli. He engraved also 

 the 'Martyrdom of St. Sebastian,' after Doraenichiuo, and other 

 celebrated pictures. 



He became acquainted at Rome with some English gentlemen, who 

 persuaded him to visit England for the purpose of engraving the 

 cartoons of Raffaelle. He arrived in England iu 1711, and commenced 

 his task in the spring of the following year. Queen Anne had given 

 him a room in Hampton Court, with the necessary perquisites. The 

 expense was defrayed by subscription at four guineas the set. The 

 prints were, with the assistance of Charles Dupuis and Claude Dubose, 

 finished April 1, 1719, when he presented two complete sets to 

 George I., 'who gave him a purse of 100 guineas, and knighted him 

 in the following year. As hia sight at length failed him, he deter- 

 mined to desist from further practice, and iu 1723 he made a sale of 

 his drawings, and in 1724 returned to Paris. His drawings were sold 

 for 320/., at the sale of which tho drawings of the cartoons brought 52 

 guineas, and a lot of 104 heads and other studies from them, 74i 



These heads were afterwards engraved by various French artists, 

 and published with some other studies by John Boydell. under the 



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