. 



DOSSI, DOSSO and GI01UTTISTA. 



DOUGLAS FAMILY. 



title of ' The School of lUflaelle, or tin Studmt's Guide to Kxpreetion 

 in Historic*! Painting.' Dorigny waa elected a member of UM French 

 Academy of Painting in 1725, and died at Pru in 1746. He engraved 

 altogether 163 plate*, according to Vertue. 



HU elder brother Louis wa* a good fresco-painter ; he lived chiefly 

 in luly, aud died at Verona in 1743, aged eighty -eight 



I Vertue, Catalogm o/ Sugnnert, <tc. ; Watelet, IHctionnairt dct 

 Artt. <tr. ; Huber. ilamufl da Amatnrt, Ac.) 



DOSSI, DOSSO and OIOBATT1STA, two celebrated Femreee 

 painter* of tlia early half of the ICtli century. They were born 

 about 1480-1490, in Doeto, near Ferrara, and first entered the school 

 of Loreoio Cceta, afUr leaving whom thy studied together aix yean 

 in Home, and fire yean in Venice. Though they always worked 

 together, they were constantly disputing : Uiobattitta, the younger, 

 was deformed, and his disposition was the type of his body. He bad 

 great skill in landscape aud in decoration, but no skill in the human 

 figure. Doeao, on the other baud, was a master in the figure. They 

 were together employed by Alfonzo I. and Ercole II., dukes of Ferrara; 

 and Giobattuta somewhat against his inclination was forced to execute 

 the accessory part* of his brother's picture*. 



There are still several of their joint works in or about Ferrara; 

 they made the cartoons of the tapestries in the cathedral of Ferrara, 

 and of those in the palace and in San Francesco at Modena, repre- 

 senting the deed* of the family of Este, which, according to Vasari, 

 Pordenone was commissioned by Ercole to execute, but he died in 

 151", by poison it is alleged, shortly after hi* arrival at Ferrara for 

 the purpoee; Vasari mentions the two Doesi with unjust depreciation. 

 They are praised and enumerated by Ariosto among the other great 

 painu-n of Italy and the immortal artists of Greece ('Or. Fur.' 

 xxxiil 2.) Doeso painted the portrait of Ariosto, and made illustra- 

 tions to the Orlando Furioso ; he painted also the head of Ariosto 

 in a picture of Paradise on the ceiling of the vestibule-of the refectory 

 of the convent of San Benedetto at Ferrara : the portrait is in the 

 poawseioa of the Academy of Sciences of Ferrara, formerly the 

 Academy Degli Intrepidi. 



Then is a good collection of DOMO'S oil paintings in the gallery of 

 Dresden, where there are several of his works, the best of which is 

 the four fathers, Saints Gregory, Ambrose, Augustus, and Jerome, 

 disputing on the miraculous conception of the Virgin ; the figures are 

 of the site of life, but the style has much of the hardness of the 

 early Italian schools. Dotso survived his brother some yean: he 

 died about 1500. 



(Friari, Quida di Ferrara ; Lonri, Sloria Piitorico, <tc. ; Valery, 

 Voyigtt n /taiit.\ 

 DOUAREN. [DCAREX.] 

 DOUBLEDAY, EDWARD, a naturalist of eminence, was born in 

 1810, and died in London in 1849. The family .of Doubleday are 

 honourably distinguished for their devotion to natural history pursuit*, 

 and the subject of this notice early distinguished himself by hi* con- 

 tributions to the literature of Ornithology and Entomology. His 

 first paprn were devoted to the subject of entomology, f which 

 many were published in the volumes of the ' Entomological Maga- 

 zine.' In the early part of his life he made a tour through the United 

 Skate* of America, and made many important observations on the 

 animal* of that country. Then be published in a paper ' On the 

 Natural History of America,' in the fifth volume of the 'Entomological 

 Magazine.' Un his return from America be was appointed one of the 

 canton of the British Museum. The large collections in this insti- 

 tution afforded him abundant materials for increasing bis knowledge 

 and developing bis views of the structure of insect*. The result* he 

 mad* known in a variety of papers, but more especially in bis work 

 On the genera of Diurn.l Lepidoptera,' This work which was pub- 

 lished in part* and left unfinished at the author'* death, consisted of 

 descriptions, with coloured illustrations of great beauty and accuracy 

 by Mr. HewiUon, of all the genera of butterflies. This family ol 

 inseeti was studied by Mr. Doubleday with the greatest industry, and 

 hi* contributions to our knowledge of their form* are the most 

 valuable of bis labours. He devoted also considerable attention to 

 ornithology, tad assisted his brother Henry in publishing a work on 

 this mbjrct He also contributed a paper ' On the Occurrence of 

 Alligaton in East Florida,' to the 'Zoologist.' A list of hi* papen 

 will be found in the second volume of Agvsiit's ' Bibliognphia 

 Zoolofia,' published by the Kay Society. 



DOUCE. FRANCIS, was born in 1782. He was the youncwt son 

 of Thou a* Done*, who was one of the Six Clerks of the Court of 

 Cbanosry. Frauds was sent to school at Richmond In Surrey, where 

 be bant Latin and some Greek. He afterwards held a situation in 

 the Bis Clerks' office. Hi. father died in 179, having previously 

 wiped to him his lucrative office as one of the MX Clerks. The 

 balk of hi* father's property, which as very considerable, was 

 rtbed to hi* elder brother, and the rest was left to himself and 

 *"* A TT '"Ht* addition was made to hi* property in 1823, 

 ly ItoUeken*. the sculptor, who made him one of bis executor,, and 

 left bin nearly ore-half of the fortune which he bad accumulated 

 [NoLLUKta.) DOM* waa a Fellow of the Antiquarian Society, and 

 was in habit, of coiwtant Intercom-,*, both per-onal and by corre- 

 .poodeoc., with almost all the leading antiquarians of his time. He 

 ws t great collector of agaro* books, print*, coins, medals, and all 



kind* of curious antiquities. He died at hi* residence in dower- 

 street, London, March 30, 1884. 



Douce published in 1807 ' Illustration* of 8hak*peare ami An 

 Manners,' 2 vols. 8vo, London. The book was roughly treated by 

 aome of the reviews, and the author was greatly ofiVnded. He also 

 published, about the beginning of 1834, 'The Danoe of Death, 

 exhibited in elegant Engravings on Wood, with a Dissertation on the 

 several Representations of that Subject, but more particularly of those 

 ascribed to Macaber and Huns Holbein, by Francis Douoe, F.A.S., 

 Esq.,' 8vo, London. The substance of the dissertation had appeared 

 about forty yean before, in illustration of Hollar's etchings, published 

 by Edwards, of Pall Mall, London. The engravings, of which there 

 were forty-nine, were executed by Bonner and Byfield, two of the best 

 engravers on wood then living. The*e are the only works which 

 Douce published separately. He has some essays in the ' Archroologia, ' 

 and there are many communications by him to the ' Gentleman's 

 Magazine.' 



Douce was a mere antiquarian without any largeness of view even 

 in antiquarian matters. As a critic on Shak spore, hi* remarks are of 

 little value when true, aud they are frequently erroneous, though 

 sufficiently arrogant. As an illustrator of ancient manners, he ha* 

 been somewhat more successful. 



Douco left his valuable collection of printed book*, prints, drawings, 

 illuminated manuscripts, coins, and medals, to the Bodleian Library, 

 Oxford. His miscellaneous antiquities be left to Dr. afterwards Sir 

 Samuel Meyrick, of Goodrich Castl , Wales. The manuscript* of hi* 

 own writing, together with all his correspondence, he directed to be 

 inclosed in a strong box, and sealed up, and given to the liritisli 

 Museum, with this inscription ou the box, " Mr. Douce's Papers, to 

 be opened in the year 1900." If the British Museum refused to 

 accept the box on these terms, it was then to be given to the Bodl iaii 

 Ubnir, 



DOUGLAS FAMILY. This family derives its namo from certain 

 lands on the Douglas or Black Water, in the shire of Lanark, which 

 were granted out about the middle of the 12th century by Arnold, 

 abbot of Kelso, to one Theobald! a Fleming, whoso son was t 

 called William de Douglas. 



William married a sister of Friskin de Kerdal, in the province of 

 Moray, and bad several children, all of whom, except the eldest, 

 settled in the north. Brice, the second son, became bishop of Moray ; 

 Alexander, the third son, became sheriff of Elgin ; and their sister, 

 Margaret, married Hervey de Keith, great maresohal of the kingdom. 



Archenbald, the eldest eon, married one of the daughters and co- 

 heiresses of Sir John de Crawford, of Crawford, and had two ions, 

 William and Andrew, each of whom hod two sons likewise. William's 

 eldest son married a sister of Lord Abernsthy, but dying without 

 issue, was succeeded by his brother, some time governor of the castle 

 of Berwick. Andrew's eldest son married the only daughter of Alex- 

 ander, lord high steward of Scotland, and had two sons, the eldest 

 of whom was Sir James Douglas of London, so called to distinguish 

 him from his cousin, ' the good Sir Jame*,' one of the chief associate* 

 of Bruce in achieving the independence of his country. ' The good 

 Sir .lame*' was made a knight-banneret under the royal standard at 

 Bannookburn, where be commanded the centre division of the S<- 

 van. He died in a contest with the Saracens when, in fulfilment of 

 the trust committed to him, he was on his way to deposit the heart 

 of Bruce in the Holy Land. 



William de Douglas, come time governor of Edinburgh Castle, was 

 s natural son of Sir James of Loudon, whoso eldest lawful son, also 

 William de Douglas, had the earldom of Athol conferred upon him on 

 the death of John Campbell without issue ; but he soon afterwards 

 resigned the title, and gave a charter of the earldom to Robert, lord 

 high Steward of Scotland. This William de Douglas was lord of 

 Liddisdale, and though himself ' the flower of chivalry,' as he was 

 called, is to be particularly distinguished from Sir William Dougla*, 

 the knight of Liddeadale, natural son of the good Sir James. The 

 knight of Liddeedale long merited the eulogy which Fordun give* him, 

 of being "England's scourge and Scotland's bulwark ;" but the praise 

 of patriotism, and even of humanity itself, he outlived ; for bcin ; 

 hurt at Ramsay of Dalwolsey*s appointment to the shcrifTahip of Hox- 

 burgh, he waited his opportunity, and came upon the brave and 

 virtuous Ramsay with an armed band, wounded him, and dragged liim 

 away to Hermitage Castle. There Douglas immured bis unoffending 

 victim, faint with thirst, and with his rankling wounds, till, after a 

 period of seventeen day*' suffering, death at length terminated his 

 existence. The government of the country was in such a state at the 

 time, that the king not only could not avenge the outrage, but was 

 obliged to pardon the relentless murderer, and moreover to put lilm 

 into the vacant sheriflkhip. He at last died by the hand of an assassin 

 of the house of Douglas. 



The good Sir Jame* hod another natural ton, whom wo shall men- 

 tion presently, but having no lawful issue, he was succeeded by his 

 brother,, Hugh and Archibald, the latter of whom married the daughter 

 of John Cumyn, of Badenoch, by Marjory, sinter of John lialiol, kin; 

 of Scotland, and had two sons, the younger of whom, William, in- 

 herited the family estates, and became Karl of Douglas, in vthi'-li 

 character we find him lord justiciar of Lothian the year in whi< 1 

 Hubert II. ascended the throne. He was thrice man i I. 1 1. i 



