DUCARKL, ANDREW COLTKE. 



DUCHESNR, ANDRK. 



II 



1 Empire d ConiUntinople BOUS la* Empereun Fnuiyn'w,' folio, 10.". 7 ; 

 bat he U betUr known for his ' Gloesarium *d Scriptore* mo lito et 

 iuftmjt Latiniutis' 3 vola. folio, afterward* republuilied in 6 Tols. in ' 

 1733. to which were added 4 more vols. by Carpentier, a Benedictine 

 of the order of Clunl It ii a moat tueful work fur the understanding 

 of UM numerous writer* of the dark or middle ages, when for many 

 oaoturie* a corrupt and barbarous Latin was the only literary language 

 of Europe. All the words uaed by these writers, which ore not found 

 in HnTii-il Latiuity, are ranged in alphabetical order, with their 

 Tariou* meaning', their etymology, and references to the authorities. 

 This work is also useful for understanding old charters, and other 

 legal document* of an early date. The labour and research required 

 for the compilation of such a work can be best appreciated by those 

 who hare frequent occasion to consult it Du Cange was oua of the 

 editors of tho ' Corpus Histories Byzantinax' He died in 16S8. 

 Loui* XIV. bestowed a pension of 2000 francs upon his children. 

 (BTZASTINE HisTORiAXS.] He wrote also: 1, 'Historia Byzoutiua 

 Ulustrato,' folio, 1660, being an historical description of Constantinople 

 ud it* monument*, with biographies and genealogies of several dis- 

 tinguished families of that city ; 2, ' Glossarium ad Scriptores loe.iix 

 et iufim.o Gnecitatii,' Paris, 1688, 2 voU. folio, a work that is very 

 necessary for those who are studying the lower Byzantine writers. 

 He left a Tast quantity of manuscripts, especially on historical, 

 archaeological, and genealogical subjects, which have been collected in | 

 the Imperial Library at Paris, and of which an account U given in the 

 Mcoioire liistorique sur lee MSS. de If. Da Cange,' Paris, 1752. Du 

 Cange U often quoted by the name of Du Fresue, under which he is 

 also registered in many catalogues. 



DDCARIiL, ANDREW COLTEE, an eminent English antiquary, 

 was born in 1713 in Normandy, whence his father, who was descended 

 from an ancient family at Caen in that province, came to England 

 soon after the birth of his second son James, and resided at Greenwich. 

 In 1729, whilst a scholar at Eton, Ducnrel was for three mouths under 

 the care of Sir Hans Sloaae, on account of an accident which deprived 

 him of the sight of one eye. In 1731 he was admitted a gentleman- 

 commoner of St. John's College, Oxford; B.C.L. in 1738; LL.D. in 

 1742; and became a member of Doctors' Commons in 1743. He was 

 elected commissary of the exempt jurisdiction of the collegiate church 

 of St Katharine, near the Tower of London, in 1755 ; and was 

 appointed commissary and official of the city and diocese of Canter- 

 bury by Archbishop Herring in 1758. Upon the incorporation of the 

 Society of Antiquaries in 1755, he was appointed one of its first 

 fellows, 



Dr. Ducarel's earliest publication (without his name) was a ' A Tour 

 through Normandy, described in a Letter to a Friend,' published in 

 1754 in 4to, enlarged and republished in folio in 1767 under the title 

 of ' Anglo-Norman Antiquities, considered in a Tour through part of 

 Normaudy, by Dr. Ducsrel, illustrated with twenty-seven plates.' His 

 second publication was ' A Series of above two hundred Anglo-Gallic, 

 or Norman and Aquitain, Coins of the Ancient Kings of England, 

 exhibited in sixteen copper-plates, and illustrated in Twelve Letters, 

 addressed to the Society of Antiquaries of London and several of its 

 Members,' 4to, London, 1757. In 1700 he printed for private distri- 

 bution, in 4to, an account of his friend Browne Willis, read at the 

 Society of Antiquaries that year. In 1763 he published 'A Repertory 

 of the Endowments of Vicarages in the Diocese of Canterbury,' in 4 to, 

 which was reprinted with large additions in 8vo in 1782, with the 

 further addition of a repertory of endowment* of vicarage* in the 

 dioex** of Rochester. Dr. Dncarel gave a manuscript abstract of the 

 Urge history of UM Benedictine Abbey of Bee, in Normandy, drawn 

 up by Don John Bourget, a monk of that house, to Mr. John Nichol.*, 

 who priuUd it in 1779 in 8vo, with an appendix of original deeds; 

 ad who likewise printed in the same year, in 2 vols. 8vo, ' Some 

 Account of the Alien Priories, and of such lands as they are known 

 to have possessed in Kngland and Wale*,' the chief materials of which 

 were also collected by Dr. DucsreL The greater part of the materials 

 of the ' Collection of Royal and Noble Wills,' from the Conqueror to 

 Henry VII., printed by Mr. Nichols in 1780, were likewise furnished 

 by Dr. DucareL 



In 1782 he published ' The History of the Collegiate Church of St. 

 Katharine, near tho Tower of London, from its Foundation in 1273.' 

 This work bad been compiled by the doctor for the use of Queen 

 Charlotte, this church being the only ecclesiastical preferment in the 

 gift of the yu-tn-Conwrt of England. An appendix to this work was 

 pubUabed in 1790 in No. LII. of Mr. Nicholas liibliothccaTopographica 

 Britannic*,' In 1783 he published, as No. XII. of tho 'Bibliotheca 

 Topographic. Britannic*,' 'Some Account of the Town, Church, and 

 AmbSepltcopal Palace of Croydon, in the County of Surrey, from it* 

 Foundation to 1783,' 4to. originally drawn up by him in 1764 at the 

 rtqu, *t of Archbishop Herring. He also drew up in the liibliotheea 

 L ??A P ^? B ;' tanni , < ^', N - XXVlI -'The History and Antiquities 

 oftbe ArchiepiscopU PsUce of Lambeth, from it* Foundation to the 

 Present Tim*,' 17*6, 4to, dedicated to ArchbUhop Moore. 



Dr. Docarer* life waa one of indefatigable industry. Exclusive of 

 the work* already BMotiooed. the publication of Snelling's plate* of 

 English medal, originated with him. He wrote in the ' Philosophical 



TtfTft?* Up0n "" * ub J 6rt of **** ^igenous to Great Britain, 

 followed by aa account of the early cultivation of botany in England. 



His letter to Gerard Meerman, grand-pensionary at the Hague, on the 

 dispute concerning Corsellis a* the first printer in England, translated 

 into Latin by Dr. Uuagrave, with Meerman's answer, was published in 

 the second volume of Meerman's * Origines Typographical ' in 1765. 

 He entered deeply into the Rowleiau controversy, of which he enter- 

 tained what is now the general opinion. He completed a list of 

 various editions of the Bible and part* thereof, in English, from 

 to 1776, an improved edition of which was published in 1778 at the 

 expense of Archbishop Cornwallis. His memoirs of Archbishop Hutton 

 and his family, fairly written, were purchased at the tale of his library, 

 by Dr. Lort for the Hutton family. He perfected the catalogue* of 

 the different portions of the Lambeth library, and made a general 

 index to all the archiepiscopal registers at Lambeth, from Pecham to 

 Herring, in 43 vols. folio, his own duplicate of which was bought at 

 the sale of the late Mr. Cough's library, for the manuscript department 

 of tho British Museum. In addition to all these literary labours, hi* 

 official attendance to the duties of Doctors' Commons was unremitting. 

 Dr. Ducarel died at his house at South Lambeth on the 29th of May, 

 1785. 



(Nichols, Literary Anecdote, vol. vL p. 380-401; Chalmers, Biog. 

 Diet., vol. xii. p. 375-385.) 



DUCCIO, DI BUONINSBQHA, a celebrated old painter of Siena, 

 and one of tho earliest of the Italian painters, was born in or near 

 Siena, in the bitter half of the 13th century. He signed himself 

 Ducciua, or Magr. Duccius ; Buoninsegna, or Segna, was the name of 

 his master or father, who was still living iu 130$. There are some of 

 his works in the Siena Academy. 



Duccio was to the school of Siena what Ciuiabue was to that of 

 Florence. His active career was probably between 1235 ami a'>ut 

 1315 ; hu is mentioned in the Siena archives of 1285, when he may 

 have been about twenty-five or thirty years of ago ; and he is mentioned 

 also as late as 1311, when he completed his great work, the celr! 

 altarpicce of the cathedral, which he commenced iu October 1308. 

 This picture was the most extensive production of its class in its time, 

 and cost, including gold and ultramarine, about 3000 florins, an 

 immense sum. Duccio' a share however was small, though probably 

 not an illiberal one : it was only sixteen pence or soldi per day, but 

 at this time ten soldi would buy a picture. The picture was on a 

 paunel made of poplar and chestnut, covered over with canvas which 

 was primed with plaster. It was carried in procession to the cat!: 

 and placed on the high-altar with great ceremony. As the altar was 

 free on all sides, Duccio painted the altarpiece* on both sides : on tho 

 principal aide, or that facing the people, are represented in large figures 

 the Madonna and child, surrounded by saints and angels and the four 

 patrons of Siena; on the other side is a series of small pictures illus- 

 trating the history of the passion of Christ, in figures about six inches 

 high, all executed with great skill and suprUiug care, but in tho 

 Byzantine style of design. It was removed from tho altar in the early 

 part of the 16th century to give place to a tabernacle, and was after- 

 wards cut in two : the halves were placed in the choir, where they 

 still remain. 



There are other works by Duccio extant, but llumohr has shown 



Vasari' s statement respecting him and the pavement of the cathedral 



of Siena to be incorrect The first mention of the pavement in tho 



archives is in 1445, more than a century after the death of Duccio. 



Vasari states that Duccio waa the artist of some of the decora! 



the pavement, and was tho inventor of the peculiar style in which the 



figures are executed, which he terms gray-in-gray. But these figures 



are in various styles some in a species of niello, and others in a kind 



of mosaic; and they were executed at different periods by various 



artists, and all apparently subsequently to 1445. (Rumobr, ' Italian 



Researches,' vol. ii., p. 4, et seq.) Titius, vicar-general of Siena, and 



Duccio's contemporary, says of him, that aa many painters proceeded 



I from his studio as tho warriors who of old descended out of the Trojan 



! horse. Tho year of hii death is not known ; Delia Valle supposes he 



| died about 1340 ; Humour places his death upwards of twenty years 



i earlier. 



(Von Rumohr, Jlalimacke fortckungen; Vasari, Vile dc I'ittori, 

 j <tc., ed. Schoru ; Delia Valle, Lcllcrc Saneti, ii. 75, 76 ; Lanzi, Sttria 

 Pittorica, <tc.) 



DUCHANGE, GASPARD, an able French etcher and engraver, was 

 born at Paris in 1662. He was the pupil of Jean Audrau, and waa 

 one of the best historical and portrait engravers of his i 

 waa, according to Watelet, the best of all engravers in representing 

 female flesh. Three of his most celebrated works were the lo, Danae, 

 and Leda of Correggio, of which ho afterwards destroyed tho plates 

 on account of their indelicacy. He engraved until his ninety-first 

 year, and his works are consequently numerous. He died at Paris in 

 1756, aged ninety-four. (Watelet, Dictiunnaire da Artt, <tc.; Huber, 

 Manutl det Amatntn, <tc.) 



DUCHESNE, ANDftfi, a French historian, was bom in 1584 at 

 Isle-Bouchard, a small town in the department of Indre et-Loiro. He 

 commenced his studios at Lomhi'i, nnd completed them at Paris under 

 Jules-Cd.iar Boulanger. He applied him-ulf especially to geop 

 and history, and became *o gnaUy distinguished for his acquisition* 

 in these two departments of knowledge as to obtain the patron 

 Cardinal Richelieu and other noblemen of influence, and to be ap| 

 successively geographer and historiographer to the king, lio died in 



