DUFF, ALEXANDER, D.D., LL.D. 



DUODALK, SIR WILLIAM. 



of the author***, a* shown in her power* of description. 

 narration, and character-painting, and in her almost unmatched 

 maslMJ of eloquent French prate, accompanied by the same fear of 

 the tuDuruoa of her doctrine* on the mind* of the yJung, has attended 

 her throughout her whole subsequent career except that of late the 

 admiration ha* become more general, and the fear has considerably 

 abated. Her work* have been extremely numerous. In addition to 

 those already mentioned, more than a doxvu novel* among which 

 were ' Le Secretaire Intiine,' ' AndnS,' ' Leone- Leoni,' 'Jacques,' 

 'Mauprat,' aud 'Spiridion' proceeded from her ready pen before 

 published generally first in the feuilietont of journals. About 

 this time she was successful in a suit against her husband institnUxl 

 for the recovery of her private property, and for obtaining the 

 guardianship of her children. With her children she removed to the 

 Chateau de Nohant, where she baa chiefly resided since, often however 

 removing to Paris. When M. Pierre Leroux and others started the 

 'Kerue Indvpendaute,' she became a contributor to that periodical, 

 and here appeared perhaps her finest tale, ' Couauelo.' She also con- 

 tributed to ' Le Monde,' a journal edited by Lamennais. Among her 

 novel*, beside* ' Conauelo/ published since 1887, are 'Horace,' 'La 

 Petite Fadette,' ' Jeanne,' ' Fauchette,' and ' La Comtesse do lludol- 

 stadt ;' but her tale* in all amount to about thirty, aud while there is 

 Dot one of them that doe* not display genius, hardly any two of them 

 are precisely alike. In 1841 she published ' l.'n Hiver au Midi,' com- 

 memorating a residence in tbe island of Majorca. Prepared by long 

 association with Lamennais, Pierre Leroux, and other distinguished 

 think, n characterised by faith in philosophic democracy, and iu the 

 possibility of reorganising society on new religious and political 

 principles, Madame Dudevant entered with enthusiasm into the san- 

 guine hope* of a new era for France which were produced by the 

 revolution of 1843. For some time she edited a democratic newspaper 

 of her own, in which she addressed the people in the express character 

 of a journalist from day to day. The regime of Louis Napoleon, 

 first as president and next as emperor, having repressed democratic 

 politic* in France, Madame Sand, while still retaining her political 

 beliefs and aspiration*, was obliged to resume her more purely literary 

 labours. Within the last few years, residing either at Nohant or at 

 Pad*, where her daughter is married, she baa, to a great extent, 

 fonaken the novel for the drama. Here she has not been so success- 

 ful as in the novel, some of her pieces having failed. Her late piece* 

 however have been popular on the stage. She has recently published 

 a voluminous autobiography, which appeared in part* in the 'Prease' 

 newspaper. Many of her works have been translated into English. 



DUFF, ALEXANDER, D.D., LL.D., the chief agent of the Free 

 Presbyterian Mission in Calcutta, was born in 1808, at Pitlochry, in 

 Perthshire, and prosecuted his studies for the Christian ministry at St. 

 Andrews University. Having been early impressed with a sense of 

 the importance of mission* to heathen lands, he was the more easily 

 persuaded to go out to India as a missionary of the Church of Scotland. 

 After a stormy and protracted voyage, iu which the vessel iu which 

 he set sail from Portsmouth, was shipwrecked near Cape Town, and 

 the pateeugen and crew barely escaped with their lives, Mr. Duff 

 arrived in May 1880 at the scene of his labours. From that time till 

 the disruption of the established church of Scotland in 1843, he con- 

 tinued with unremitting earnestness and zeal to promote the moral 

 and spiritual welfare of the people of India, visiting his native country 

 oooe during this period for the purpose of giving information and 

 exciting a deeper interest throughout the churches at home in favour 

 of Indian missions. An address which he delivered in the General 

 Assembly in 1886 was published separately, under the title of ' The 

 Church of Scotland's India Mission ; ' another address to the same 

 venerable body in 1K37 appeared under the title of a ' Vindication of 

 the Cuurch of Scotland's India Mission; ' a speech on the same subject 

 delivered in Kxeter Hall in 1837 was likewise published. About the 

 erne time Mr. Duff received the degree of D.D. in acknowledgment 

 of hi* valuable labours in the East Dr. Duff did not Confine bis 

 vUws exclusively to the more direct object of his mission to India, 

 but took much pains to promote general education, and particularly a 

 knowledge of the English language and literature among the natives 

 of Hindustan. To this subject he in 1837 directed the attention of 

 those person* in Britain who took an Interest in the civilisation of 

 British India, iu a work entitled ' New Era of the English Language 

 and Literature in India.' In 1839, previous to hi* return to resume 

 hi* important duties, Dr. Duff published a thick 8vo volume on ' India 

 and India Missions;' a discourse entitled 'Missions the chief end of 

 the Christian Church,' and a treatise on the ' Qualifications, Dutieji, 

 and Trial* of an Indian Missionary.' When the Free Church was 

 formed in Scotland in 1843, and tbe foreign missionaries of the Church 

 of Scotland found it necessary to make their choice as to which of 

 the two bodies they would be connected with, Dr. Duff chose to be 

 Msociated with tbe Free Church, aud succeeded in establishing and 

 carrying on with increased efficiency new educational and religious 

 institutions for the benefit of the native population. Schools attended 

 by hundred* of pupils, asylum* for orphan*, colleges for the more 

 intelligent llm.ioo youths, and other similar schemes have been brought 

 by hu seal into successful operation. Several native student* have 

 been trained for the Christian ministry, and are now preaching the 

 doctrine* of Christianity to their Indian brethren. Dr. Duff had thu 



principal part in establishing a quarterly periodical, conducted with 

 great ability, entitled the 'Calcutta Keview.' After a vi-ii to hi* 

 native country for the benefit of his health, aud to promote the 

 interests of the mission, Dr. Duff has again returned to his favourite 

 Held of exertion. While iu Scotland, he was choseu Moderator or 

 President of tbe General Assembly of the Free Church, which met 

 at Edinburgh in May 1351. 



IH'KIIESSK. [DUCANQK.] 



DUFKESNOY, CHAltLES ALPHONSE, was born at Paris in 

 1611. His father, who was an apothecary, gave him a classical educa- 

 tion, with a view to bringing him up a* a physician ; but he gave way 

 to bis strong inclination for painting, and he devoted himself to the 

 study of the art, first under Perier, aud afterward* with Vouut At 

 the age of one-and-twenty he went to Rome, where be supported him- 

 self with difficulty by taking views of ruins and building*. Subse- 

 quently he was employed with hi* fellow-student, Mignard, to copy 

 pictures in the Farnese gallery. Dufresuoy afterwards visited Venice, 

 where he remained there engaged in copying and examining the 

 works of the great Venetian painters. He returned to France in 1050, 

 whither he was followed by Mignard in 1662, and they again lodged 

 together. He died paralytic iu 1065, in the house of his brother, at 

 VUUcrs-le-Bel, near Paris. He was never married, and left no pupil*. 

 He executed very few pictures, and they are not remarkable for any- 

 thing beyond correctness. He is best known as the author of a didactic 

 poeui, ' De Arte Oraphica,' in Latin verse, which has been translated 

 into several languages. There are three English translations : by 

 Dryden, id prose ; by Wills, a painter, in very poor verse ; and by 

 Mason, in rhyme. Tbe hut is accompanied by annotations \vritt 

 Sir Joshua Reynolds. The work is rather a critical treatise on the 

 practice of painting, with general advice to the student, than a manual 

 for the art. It is dry, and not remarkable for elegance, imagination, 

 or originality. Had it been in prose, it would probably not have 

 survived the author ; but the circumstance of it* being in verse, and 

 in Latin, perhaps added a zest to its perusal in the shape of a little 

 difficulty, and gave it an extrinsic importance. Sir Joshua's notos are 

 pertinent and useful, but not so instructive as his lectures. 



DUGDALK, Silt WILLIAM, waa the only son of Johu Dugdale, 

 Esq., of Shustoke, in the county of Warwick, where he was born 

 September 12, 1605. His mother waa Elizabeth, daughter of Arthur 

 Swyufen, Esq., of Staffordshire. He was in part educated in the free 

 school at Coventry, aud subsequently with his father, with whom he 

 also read 'Littleton's Tenures,' some other law-books, aud history. 

 In 1622 he married Margery, the second daughter of John Huntbach, 

 Esq., of Seawall, in Staffordshire. Upon his father's death in 

 he succeeded to a small estate in Shustoke, to which he added by 

 purchase the manor of Blythe, in that parish, iu 1625. 



Dugdale'* natural inclination, which was chiefly the study of 

 antiquities, brought him acquainted with the most eminent antiquaries 

 of his day. Sir Symon Archer, of Tauiwortb, introduced him to Sir 

 Christopher Huttou and Sir Henry Speluiau, by whose joint interest 

 with the Earl of Arundcl, then Earl Marshal, he wag created a 

 pursuivant-at-arms extraordinary, by the name of Blanche Lyon, in 

 September 1038. Afterwards be waa made Kouge Croix pursuivant 

 in ordinary, by letters patent dated March 1*, lo3!MO; by which 

 means, having lodging in the Heralds' College, aud convenient oppor- 

 tunities, he made large collections from the Becords iu the To 

 London, as well a* from other places. 



In 1641, by Sir Christopher Hatton'i encouragement, he superin- 

 tended the making of exact drafts of all the monument* in West- 

 minster Abbey, St. Paul's Cathedral, and in many other cathedral and 

 parochial churches of England ; particularly those at Peterborough, 

 Ely, Norwich, Lincoln, Newark-upou-Trent, Beverley, Southwork, 

 Kingstou-upou-llull, York, Selby, Chester, Lichlield, Taiuworth, 

 Warwick, &p. The drawings were made by one William Sedgowick, 

 an arms-painter, then a servant of Sir Chri-topher ilatton: the 

 inscriptions were copied by Dugdale. Both were deposited : 

 Christopher Hatton'a library, that the memory of these monuments 

 might at least be preserved; the state of the times threatening 

 imminent destruction to the originals. 



In Juno 1642 the king, who had retired to York, summoned Mr. 

 Dugdale to attend upon him, according to the duty of his office. 

 Dugdale accordingly repaired to York, and was afterwards com- 

 manded to attend the Earl of Northampton, who was marching into 

 Worcestershire to oppose tbe force* raised by Lord Brooke for the 

 service of the parliament. He attended upon the king at the battle 

 of Edgehill, and afterward* at Oxford, where he continued with his 

 majesty till the surrender of the garrison there to the parliament, 

 June 22, 1646. He waa created M.A. November 1, 1612 ; and April It), 

 1644, wo* promoted to the office of Cheater-herald. During his long 

 residence at Oxford, he applied himself to such researches iu the 

 Bodleian, and the different college librarian, as he thought might 

 conduce toward the furtherance of the ' Mouasticon,' then designed 

 by Uoger Dodsworth and himself; as well as to the history of the 

 ancient nobility of the realm, and of which he afterwords made much 

 use in his ' Baronage.' 



After the surrender of Oxford upon articles, Dugdale, having the 

 benefit of them, and having compounded for his estate, went to 

 London ; where he and Dodsworth proceeded vigorously in completing 



