DUGDALE, SIR WILLIAM. 



DUMAS, ALEXANDRE. 



682 



their collections from the Tower Records and Cottonian library. A 

 abort absence from England in 1648, when he attended Lord and 

 Lady Hatton to Paris, enabled him to improve his and Dodsworth's 

 collections with notices and charters relating to the Alien Priories of 

 England, from the papers of Andrew Duchesne. When their col- 

 lections were ready, the booksellers declining to venture upon so 

 large and hazardous a work, Dodsworth and Dugdale printed the first 

 volume at their own charge, and it was published in 1655, in folio, 

 under the title of ' Monasticon Anglicanum,' adorned with the views 

 of abbeys, churches, &c. The second volume was published in folio, 

 in 1661. These two volumes were collected, and chiefly written by 

 Dodsworth; but Dugdale took great pains in methodising and dis- 

 posing the materials, in making several indexes to them, and in 

 correcting the press. Dodsworth died in August 1654, before the 

 tenth part of the first volume was printed off. A third volume was 

 published in 1673. 



From an entry in his diary, as early as 1658, Dugdale appears to 

 have feared that a translation of the 'Monasticon' would have been 

 published by Mr. King, probably Gregory King, at that time his clerk. 

 That such a one was prepared, as far as the first volume was concerned, 

 is evident, since Dugdale describes it aa " erroneously Englished in a 

 multitude of places." The translation however, or rather the epitome 

 which was subsequently printed, did not appear till 1692, six years 

 after Sir William Dugdale's death. The dedication to William Brom- 

 ley, Eq., is signed J.\V. It is ascribed to James Wright, who, in 

 1684, published the 'History and Antiquities of the County of 

 Rutland.' Another epitome, by an anonymous writer, was published 

 in 1718: but believed to have been by Captain John Stevens, who, 

 in 1722 and 1723, published two additional volumes to the 'Monas- 

 ticon,' which, oesides an abundance of additional information in 

 English, contained a very large collection of new charters, together 

 with the ' History of the Friaries,' to which no place had been assigned 

 in the volumes published by Dugdale. The Rev. Samuel Peck, in 

 1735, promised a fourth volume of the 'Monasticon,' which was 

 never completed. His collections for it are in the British Museum. 



An improved edition of the ' Monasticon ' was undertaken in 1812 

 by the Rev. Bulkeley Bandinel, D.D., keeper of the Bodleian library 

 at Oxford, who soon relinquished ld< task to two other gentlemen 

 who had been called in as coadjutors, John Caley, Esq., of the 

 Augmentation Office, and Henry Ellis, Esq., keeper of the manu- 

 scripts in the British Museum (now Sir Henry Ellis). An account of 

 each religions house, in English, was prefixed to its respective series 

 of Latin charters, and many new materials from leiger books, rolls, 

 and other documents were added, including all that was valuable 

 in Stevens's volumes, with the history of several hundred religious 

 foundations which were unknown to Dugdale. The chief of the 

 prints, by Hollar, which ornamented the original edition, were 

 re-engraved, and above 200 plates of churches and monasteries added, 

 from drawings made exclusively for the work. This new edition 

 was completed in 1830 in six volumes folio, the last volume divided 

 into three parts. 



In 1656 Dugdale published, at his own charge, 'The Antiquities of 

 Warwickshire, illustrated from Records, Leiger-Books, Manuscripts, 

 Charters, Evidences, Tombes, and Armes, beautified with Maps, 

 Prospect*, and Portraietures,' folio, London : this is one of the very 

 best of our county histories. A second edition was published, in two 

 Tolumes folio, in 1730, revised and augmented by William Thomas, D.D. 

 While this work was printing, Dugdale remained in London, during 

 which time he had an opportunity of collecting materials for another 

 work, which he published in 1658, 'The History of St. Paul's Cathe- 

 dral, in London,' folio. A second edition of this work, enlarged, was 

 published in 1716, in folio, by Edward Maynard, D.D., rector of Bod- 

 dingtonin Northamptonshire; andathird,in!818, by Henry Ellis, Esq. 

 The plates of the original editions, both of the ' Warwickshire ' and 

 the ' St. Paul's,' were by Hollar. To the two last editions of the 

 ' St. Paul's' a Ufa of Dugdale was prefixed. 



Upon the restoration of King Charles II., through Lord Chancellor 

 Hyde's recommendation Dugdale was advanced to the office of Norroy 

 King of Arms. In 1662 he published ' The History of Imbanking 

 and Drayning of divers Fenns and Marshes, both in Foreign Parts and 

 in this Kingdom, and of the Improvements thereby,' folio, London, 

 1662 ; a second edition of which, revised and corrected by Charles 

 Nalson Cole, Esq., appeared in folio, London, 1772. This work was 

 written at the desire of the Lorl Gorges, Sir John Marshara, and 

 others, who were adventurers in draining the great level which extends 

 itself into a considerable part of the counties of Cambridge, Hunting- 

 don, Northampton, Norfolk, and Suffolk. About the same time Dug- 

 dale completed the second volume of Sir Henry Spelman's ' Councils,' 

 which was published in 1664 under the title of ' Concilia, Decreta, 

 Leges, Constitutiones in Re Ecclesiarum Orbis Britannici, &c., ab 

 Introitu Normannorum, A.D. 1066, ad Exutum Papam, A.D. 1531. 

 Aocessernnt etium alia ad Rem Ecclesiasticam spectantia,' folio. 

 Archbishop Sheldon and Lord Clarendon, who were the great encou- 

 ragers of this labour, likewise employed Dugdale to publish the second 

 part of Sir Henry Spelman's ' Glossary.' Having revised the first part, 

 which had been published in 1626, and arranged the materials of tho 

 second, both were printed together in 1664 under the title of 'Qlos- 

 iritim Archaiologiciim, continens Latino-barbara, Peregrina, Obsolete, 



et Novse Significationis Vooabula.' The second part, digested by 

 Dugdale, began with the letter M. There was another edition of this 

 work in 1687. 



In 1666 he published, in folio, ' Originea Juridiciales ; or, Historical 

 Memoirs of the English Laws, Courts of Justice, Forms of Trial, 

 Punishment in Cases Criminal, Law Writers,' &c., &c., with portraits 

 of several of the judges, and some other plates. A second edition was 

 published in 1671, and a third in 1680. The first volume of ' The 

 Baronage of England' appeared in 1675, and the second and third in 

 1676, folio. Upon this work he had spent thirty years of labour; and 

 though the corrections to be made in it are numerous, it still remains 

 one of the best works which exist as a foundation of English history. 



In May 1677 Dugdale was created Garter King of Arms, and the 

 day after received from his Majesty the honour of knighthood, much 

 against his will, on account of the smallness of his estate. In 1681 he 

 published ' A short View of the late Troubles in England, briefly 

 setting forth their Rise, Growth, and Tragical Conclusion,' folio. This 

 is the least valued of his publications. He published also, at the same 

 time, ' The Antient Usage in bearing of such Ensigns of Honour as 

 are commonly called Arms,' &c., 8vo, a second edition of which, with 

 large additions, was published in the beginning of the year following ; 

 and a third edited by T. C. Banks, Esq., folio, London, 1811. 



The last work which Dugdale published was ' A perfect Copy of all 

 Summons of the Nobility to the Great Councils and Parliaments of 

 this Realm, from the 49th of King Henry III. until these present Times,' 

 folio, London, 1685. A fac-siiuile, with the original date of this work, 

 was printed at Birmingham towards the close of the last century. 



This industrious man died at Blythe Hall on the 10th of February, 

 1686, in his eighty-first year, in consequence of a cold, and was interred 

 at Shustoke. His epitaph in Latin, written by himself, is inscribed 

 upon a tablet near the spot of his interment. 



An account of Dugdale's manuscript collections remaining in the 

 Ashmolean Museum at Oxford, and in the possession of his descendant, 

 the late Dugdale Stratford Dugdale, Esq., at Merevale in Warwick- 

 shire, will be found appended to his ' Life, Diary, and Correspondence,' 

 edite 1 by William Hamper, Esq., 4to, London, 1827, whence the prin- 

 cipal particulars of the present life have been obtained. See also the 

 ' Life ' prefixed to the last edition of the ' History of St. Paul's ; ' and 

 Chalmers's 'Biographical Dictionary,' vol. xii. pp. 420-427. 



DUKEH, CHARLES ANDREW, a distinguished scholar, born at 

 Unna in La Marck, in 1670. He studied first at Hammon, and after- 

 wards, under Perizonius, at Franeker. About 1700 he became pro- 

 fessor of history and eloquence at Herborn, in Nassau, which he 

 exchanged, four or five years afterwards, for the place of under-master 

 in the school at the Hague. On the death of Perizonins in 1716, the 

 Greek chair in the university of Leyden became vacant, and was 

 offered to Burmann, who accepted it, and thereby vacated the pro- 

 fessorship of history and eloquence which he held at Utrecht, and 

 which was divided between Duker and Drakeuborch, Burmann's pupil 

 and friend. In 1734 Duker gave up his professorship and retired to 

 the country. He died at Meyderic on the 5th of November 1752. 

 Duker is best known by his edition of Thucydides, published at 

 Amsterdam in 1731, folio, which was, till Bekker's appeared iu 1821, 

 by far the best edition of that author. The great care and labour 

 which he bestowed upon this work made Schroder (' Prasf. ad Senec. 

 Tragsedias') call him ' Varilectionarius Thucydideus.' Duker also 

 edited Floras in 1722, and contributed to the edition of Livy published 

 by his colleague Drakenborch, to the ' Origines Babylonicae et -lEgypti- 

 acse ' of his friend Perizonius, and to other works. All his notes are 

 sensible and accurate ; but it has been remarked that in his ' Thu- 

 cydides' in particular he has been rather capricious in choosing 

 passages for illustration, and has omitted explanations in the very 

 places where they were most necessary : in this however it luust be 

 confessed he is by no means alone among commentators. 



"DUMAS, ALEXANDRE, was born at Villers-Cotterets, in the 

 department of the Aisne, July 24, 1802. His father, who died in 

 1806, was a general of some distinction in tho republican armies, one 

 of which he commanded in 1794. The future author of eighty dramas 

 and forty fictions received his education in his native town from tho 

 pastor, an Abbe" Gregaine. This instruction seems, by the account 

 given in his ' Me"moires,' to have been somewhat imperfect, including 

 however a little Latin and a faint notion of history. But the youth 

 delighted in every kind of open-air exercise, and laid in a stock of 

 health and strength for which he was afterwards remarkable. He 

 became a good wrestler and fencer, a first-rate shot, and a keen 

 sportsman. At the age of fifteen he was placed as copying-clerk with 

 a notary named Menesson, who had settled at Villers-Cotterets; he 

 remained with him above eighteen months, and afterwards went to 

 another office of the same kind in another town. He does not appear 

 to have had arry early taste for literature, nor to have given any signs 

 of precocious talents. His initiation to tho author's craft was acci- 

 dental. In 1820 a young gentleman from Paris, Adolphe de Leuven, 

 who had begun to write for the theatre, proposed to him to unite their 

 efforts, with this observation, " that to write for the theatre was a 

 trade like any other, and only required practice." 



Two years were thus spent. Several plays were written conjointly 

 by the two friends, sent to Paris, and rejected by the managers. But 

 the pressure of family circumstances rendered it necessary that some 



