DtJNBAR, WILLIAM. 



DUNDONALD, EARL OF. 



. 



declare war acainrt Austria in April 1792. Soon after he left office, 

 upon the dinDMaal of the other Qirondin ministers, Roland, Servan, 

 Clav:*: ourifz had now b come afraid of the violence of 



nary movement, the Jacobins hated him, and even the 

 Girondin* grew cool towards him. Like La, Fayctte, be professed his 

 attachment to the constitutional monarchy of 17m, which the others 

 had given up. He withdrew himself however from internal politic! 

 and went to >orve under General Liickni-r on the northern fr 

 Aft r!l:e 10th of August he WAS appointed to replace La Fayette in 

 the command of the army which iva opposed to the Duke of Bruns- 

 wick. The army wu disorganised, but Damouriez soon re-establUhed 

 order and confidence ; he obtained a scries of partial but brilliant 

 tacceesee, which checked the advance of the Prussians, and, laMly, 

 he mado a determined stand in the forest of Argonne, which he styled 

 the Thermopylae of France, by which means ho give time to 

 man and oth>r generals to come up with fre-b. divisions, and give 

 battle to the Prussians at Valmy, 20th September 17y2,nn engagement 

 which was won by Kellerman. It is generally allowed that Dnmou- 

 riez's fUnd at Argonne was the means of saving France from a 

 successful invasion. 



At the end of October Dntnouriez bemn hla campaign of Flanders ; 

 gained the battle of Jeuimapos against the Austrian?, 5th and 6th of 

 November; took Liege, Antwerp, and a great part of Flander, bat, 

 on account of some disagreement with Pache, the minister at war, he 

 wag obliged to return to Piris during the trial of Louis XVI. After 

 the execution of the king, Dumonriez returned to his head-quarter*, 

 determined to support, on the first opportunity, the re-establishment 

 of the constitutional monarchy under the son of Louis. Meantime 

 he pushed on with his army, entered Holland, and took Breda and 

 other places, but being obliged, by the advance of Prince Cobourg, to 

 retire, he experienced a partial defeat at Neerwinde, nnd again at 

 Louvain. Meantime he had displeased the convention by opposing 

 its oppressive decrees concerning the Belgians, and he wrote a strong 

 letter on the subject to that assembly on the 12th of March, which 

 however was not publicly read. I lautou, Lacroix, and other commis- 

 sioner! of the convention came successively to his head-quarters to 

 watch and remonstrate with him, but he openly told them that a 

 republic in France was only another name for anarchy, and that the 

 only means of saving the country was to re-establish the constitutional 

 monarchy of 1791. Dumouriez entered into secret negotiations with 

 Prince Cobourg, by which he was allowed to withdraw his army un- 

 molested to the frontier/) of France, and also his garrisons and artillery 

 which he had left in Holland, and which were cut off by the advance 

 of the enemy. These favourable conditions were granted by Cobourg 

 on the understanding that Dumouriez should exert himself to re- 

 establish the constitutional monarchy in France. Dumouriez retired 

 ijui tly to Tournay, and evacuating Belgium withdrew within the 

 French frontiers, where he placed his head-quarters at St. Amand, 

 30th March 1793. He was now accused of treason at Paris : the con- 

 vention passed a decree summoning him to their bar, and four com- 

 missioners, with Camus at their head, came to St. Amaud to announce 

 to him the summons. Dumouriez replied that ho was ready to resign 

 the command, if the troops consented, but he would not go to Paris 

 to be butchered. After a violent altercation ho gave the commis- 

 sioner* in charge to some hussars, and sent them over to the Austrian 

 general Clairfait, at 'Tournay, to be detained as hostages. 



His design was now to inarch upon Paris, but his troops, and espe- 

 cially the volunteers, refusing, he wai obliged to take refuge himself, 

 with a few officers, at the Austrian head-quarters, April 17:' 

 there found out that his plan of a constitutional monarchy was disa- 

 vowed by the allies, and in consequence ho refused to serve in the 

 Auitrian army against his country. He wandered about various 

 towns of Ocnmuiy, treated with suspicion, and annoyed by the royalist 

 emigrant*, who bated him as a constitutionalist, while in France the 

 Convention offered a reward of 300,000 francs for his hen 1. Having 

 crosstd ..vi-r t.. England, h was obliged to depart under the Alien 

 Act, and took refuge at Hamburg, where he remained for oeveral 

 years, and wrote hit memoirs and several political pamphlets. In 

 II or l0i he obtained permlsnion to come to Kugland, where ha 

 afterwards chiefly resided. He is said to have furnished plans to the 



1Uh and Portuguese governments for the operations of the Penin- 

 war ; and he received a pension from the British government, 

 upon which he lived to a very advanced age. It is remarkabl' ilmt 

 " rwtoration he was not recalled to France by Louis XVIII 

 I b wrote a plan of defence for the Neapolitan constitution- 

 alist.. He dird in March 1823, at Turvillo Park, near Henley-upon- 

 Thamcn, at the am of eighty four. (Mtmoirct du Gtntral Dumourir-., 

 Supplement to the 6th Volume of the Biographit 



iH? B ^K^ ILLIAM - '" wppos-,1 to have been a grandson of Sir 

 Duubw. of Beil, io the shire of Haddington. This Sir 

 I alrick Dunbar was a younger , ,,\ of March. 



He was t.u also a young<r brother of George, eleventh earl, who 

 wa attainted in an arliitrary manner, ami hd his possessions forfeited 

 by king James I. in the parliament held t Perth on the 10th of 

 January 1434 35; nud it appears that Dunbar, being involved in tho 

 common ruin of the boos*, lived in a state of great dependence with- 

 out any patrimonial Inheritance. From his earliest years Dunbar Was 



' for the church. In 1475 he was sent to the Unirersity of 

 St Andrews, wh re he passed bachelor of Aits, in Si. Salvator's Col- 

 lege there, in 1 177, and iu 1479 Master of Art". He afterwards entered 

 the monastic order of St Francis; and In the habit of a friar travelled 

 throughout the south of Scotland, into England, and on the continent. 

 From his writings we leirn that he was frequently employed abroad 

 in the king's service, probably as a ' clerk' in nomo of the numerous 

 is despatched by king James IV. to foreign courts. Of bis own 

 fidelity to his royal master on these occvions he entertained a tolerably 

 high opinion; and few opportunities escaped of his reminding the 

 king of the nature and extent of hU services, with not merely . 

 hints, but direct intimations of the propriety of a recorapenaf. 

 the 15th of August 1500, he had a grant from the king of an annual 

 provision of 102. during his life, or until he should be promoted to a 

 benefice of the value of 461. or more yearly. 



In 1.101 he was again in England, probably in the train of the 

 ambassadors who were sent thither to conclude the negociations for 

 the king's marriage. The preparations for this marriage be.; in on the 

 4th of May 1503; and upon the 9th of that month Dunbar composed 

 hi* poem of 'The Thistle and the Rose,' an elegant allegory in cele- 

 bration of the union. On the 7th of Much following he said nnu-s for 

 the fir-it time in the royal presence, and received a liberal gift as the 

 king's offering on the occasion. In 1505 he nl.*o received a Bum from 

 the king in addition to hi: i-tat.-d pension; and both that year and 

 the next a sum rqnal each time to his half-yearly allowance in lieu of 

 hii ' yule gown.' Iu 1507 his pension was doubled ; and besides occa 

 atonal marks of the royal bounty, he hod a letter under the privy seal 

 in Augu-t 1510, increasing the sum to fourscore pounds a year, and 

 until he should be promoted to a benefice of 1002. or upwards. Thii 

 allowance he continued to receive, with other gifts, till the time of the 

 king's death at Flodden in September 1513, after which we find no 

 farther mention of Duubar's name in the treasurer's account, or other 

 like records. He is supposed to have died about 1520. 



Whether he at last obtained a benefice, the great object of his 

 desires, does not appear. His remaining works do not show that ho 

 ever did. On the contrary, they contain many supplications for a 

 benefice, and many lamentations for the want of one ; and the v 

 forms and character of thfge pieces display not a little of that fertility 

 of invention by which Dunbar is distinguished. He seizes every 

 occasion and seems to cxhvu-t every expedient to rouse the king to 

 bestow upon him the long-cherished wish of his heart. 



Dunbar'a writings now extant are not numerous, but they exhibit a 

 remarkable versatility of genius, from grave to gay, from witty to 

 severe. At one time we find him the sober moralist; at another, 

 indulging in all the immodesty of licentiousness. But it is iu descrip- 

 tion that he shows his various powers most conspicuously. T! 

 his ' Golden Terge," as in ' The Thistle and the Hose,' we have i- 

 brilliant and dazzling. Iu the ' Dance of the Deadly Sins in II ell,' the 

 same creative hand appears. 'The Feigned Friar of Tunglaud' and 

 ' The Justs between the Taylor and the Souter,' display a like pn 

 vividly portraying character, mingle! with bitter sarcasm and biting 

 satire. And in the doggerel lines ' On James Doig' we eeo the burly 

 wardrobe-keeper pass before us. 



The existence of Dunbar'* works is a signal proof of the immor- 

 tality rf real merit. Wo know not at what precise time he wa 

 nor when ho died ; his very name, it has been remarked, is, with one 

 solitary exception, not to be met with in tlie whole compass of our 

 literature for 200 years ; and it is only after the lapse of three ce 

 that his poems have been collected and published ; and yet ho now 

 once more stands forth as, iu the opinion of his countrymen, one of 

 the greatest of Scotland's poets. 



DUNCAN, ADAM, HIRST VISCOUNT, was born July 1, 1731, nt 

 Dundee, of which his father was provost in 171.1. By the mother's 

 ide he was descended, through the Haldaues of Uleneagles, from the 

 Earl of Lennox and Moutuith. He entered the navy iu 1746, was made 

 post-dipt iin in 17C1, and distinguished himself iu several actions, 

 especially at that of Cape St. Vincent. In 1787 ho became a rear- 

 admiral, and seven years afterwards was appointed to command in the 

 North Sean. In this service ho watched the mouth of the Texcl, 

 where a largo Dutch fleet lay at the time of the mutiny at the Norc. 

 By skilful nmncruvring, although dcTtod by every ship except one 

 ('Adamant,' CO), he detained thu Dutch until he was joined by the rest 

 of the fleet, and, on their leaving port, cut oft" their retreat and 

 brought them to action at Catnperdown, where, after a brilliant action, 

 he captnr d nine sail of the liue nud two frigates. For this service 

 Ailinir.il Duncan wan created a Viscount, and received tho thanks of 

 parliament. He died suddenly, August 4th, 1301. By his lady, the 

 daughter of Lord President Duudai, ho left two sons and several 

 daughters. His eldest son was created Earl of Camperdown, at 

 the coronation of William IV. Hi< youngest, Sir Henry Duncan, 

 was principal storekeeper to tho Board of Ordnance, nnd <i. 



DtrNDiiXALI), Tlf> IIHANK, TENTH HAUL OF, was 



born in 'he eldest son of Archibald, carl of Dundmiald, 



who had considerable distinction as a chemist. In 1793 he entered 

 the naval service under his uncle, Captain afterwards Sir Alexander 

 Cocbrane. In a course of service iu various ships on the Am 

 coast, and also in the Mediterranean, during the war between Great 



