EVKRETT, EDWARD, D.C.L. 



EVL1VA. 



in 1809 ; spent two years at 8t Petersburg in the study of the modem 

 language, political economy, Ac. ; then spent about a year in Knglaml, 

 and made a abort taj at Paris. On his returu to America be com- 

 menced the praoUoe of the law In Boaton. He afterwardi accepted 

 the office of Secretary of Legation to the Netherlands ; and from 

 1318 to 1824 (erred a Charge! d'Affaire* there. Whilst practising as 

 an advocate at Boaton, Mr. Everett had become connected with the 

 ]*riodical literature of that city, and be availed himself of the 

 opportunities afforded by his official position in Europe to carry out 

 on a broader scale bis studies and researches. The result of his 

 investigations he published in 1821 in a work which attracted con- 

 siderable attention, and was speedily translated into the French, 

 German, and SpanUh languages : ' Europe, or a General Survey of 

 the Principal Powers, with conjectures on their future Prospect*.' 

 lie also published in 1822 ' New Ideas on Population, with Remarks 

 on the Theories of Godwin and Malthus.' 



In 1825 Mr. Everett was appointed by President Adams minister 

 to the court of Spain; and he retained this honourable post for 

 nearly five years. The duties of this office were at that time of a 

 very onerous character, but Mr. Everett, besides discharging them to 

 the satisfaction of the American government, found time to devote to 

 literature, and to aid the literary inquiries of Mr. Tickuor, Washing- 

 ton Irving, and other eminent Americans. He wrote whilst in Spain 

 a companion work to that already mentioned, entitled ' America, or 

 a General Survey of the Political Situation of the several Powers of 

 the Western Continent, with Conjectures on their future Prospects.' 

 Whilst in the Netherlands and in Spain Mr. Everett had contributed 

 numerous articles on French and American literature, political 

 economy, and other important subjects, to the ' North American 

 Review,' then edited by his brother; and on his return to America 

 he purchased this review, and for some four or five years was its 

 editor and chief contributor. He also at this time and subsequently 

 took a prominent part in politics, acting with the democratic party, 

 and serving as a senator in the Massachusetts legislature. He was sent 

 as agent of the American government to the Island of Cuba in 1840. 

 In 1841 he was elected President of Jefferson College, Louisiana, but 

 was compelled after a short time to resign on account of enfeebled 

 health. In 1846 he was sent as Minister Plenipotentiary to China ; 

 aiuoe bis return from which mission he has chiefly devoted himself 

 to his private engagements. 



Mr. Everett enjoys a high reputation in his own country as a 

 pcholar, a writer, and a publicist. His writings are very numerous, 

 including besides those mentioned above, a large number of essays 

 contributed to the North American and other reviews, orations 

 delivered on public occasion,', Ac., and some poems. The more 

 important of those he collected in two volumes, 1845-47: a second 

 edition of the first volume was published in 1846. 



EVERETT, EDWARD, D.C.L., brother of the preceding, was 

 born in April 1794 at Dorchester, near Boston, United States ; graduated 

 at Harvard University in 1811 ; and after a brief trial of the study of 

 the law, entered the Divinity School, acting at the same time as Latin 

 tutor. He had been scarcely two years engaged in the study of 

 theology when he was invited to succeed the Rev. J. S. Buckminster, 

 who at bis death was regarded as the most eloquent pulpit orator in 

 America, and was the pastor of one of the largest and wealthiest Uni- 

 tarian congregations in Boston. Mr. Everett was at this time only 

 nineteen yean of age, but it is said that he amply justified the con- 

 fidence reposed in him, and fully sustained the high reputation of 

 the Brattle-street pulpit for intellect and eloquence. Before he was 

 twenty he had published an elaborate ' Defence of Christianity against 

 the work of G. B. English, entitled The Grounds of Christianity 

 Examined.' His close attention to his ministerial duties soon began 

 to affect his health ; and he, in 1815, exchanged his pastoral office for 

 that of Eliot Professor of the Greek Language and Literature in 

 Harvard University, permission being accorded him to visit Europe 

 for the benefit of his health, and to prepare himself for hi* profession*] 



Being shut out from Germany by the disturbed state of the continent, 

 consequent upon Napoleon I.'s escape from Elba, Mr. Everett came to 

 England, where he stayed till after the battle of Waterloo, when he 

 proceeded to Gottingen. There he resided for about two years, study- 

 ins; the German language, and making himself acquainted with the 

 methods of instruction adopted in that and other German universities. 

 la 1817 be proceeded to Paris, thence the next year to England, and 

 in the whiter of 1818 to Rome, where hoavailed himself of the literary 

 treasure* of the Vatican ; and, being in frequent intercourse with the 

 leading artist* and archtcologists of Italy, he studied the art* and 

 literature of ancient and modern Rom*. In 1819 he visited Greece, 

 Turkey, Ac., his way being smoothed by letters of introduction fur 

 sb*d him by Lord Byron; he afterwards visited Austria, Hungary, 

 Ac. He returned home, after an absence of about five years and a 

 half, a npeocd scholar, and with an enlarged acquaintance with men 

 and manners; and he carried into the discharge of his duties at the 

 university all the advantages he had thus derived, giving to his 

 prelections an unusual breadth and scope, together with decided prac 

 liability of purpo. In 1820 be added to his occupations that of 

 conducting the 'North American Review,' and under his editorship it 

 attained a much higher celebrity than any similar work had previously 



obtained in America, and came to be received in Europe as the 

 exponent of the current literary culture of the Stat's. During the 

 our years that he remained it* editor, Mr. Everett is said to have 

 'initialled no less than fifty articles to the pages of the ' North 

 American Review,' many of them of a very learned, and others of a 

 very important character. 



Although at first known merely as a divine an-1 a scholar, Mr. 

 Kverett, like most of his countrymen, early took a sharu in political 

 discussions. In the ' Review ' he found many opportunities of making 

 bis sentiments known, and his masterly style of public speaking pro- 

 cured him to be in great request for the delivery of those favourite 

 semi-poetical, semi-political flourUhings of the American people called 

 'Orations.' At length in 1824 he was elected to the House of Repre- 

 sentatives, and he continued to be a member of congress till 1886, 

 when he was chosen governor of Massachusetts ; an office to which ho 

 was re-elected at the three following annual elections. 



When General Harrison became president of the United States in 

 1841, he appointed Mr. Everett his minister to the English court, and 

 this distinguished post he held for nearly five years, with credit to 

 himself and his government, at least equal to that of any other 

 American minister who ever resided here. In England Mr. Everett 

 in fact gained the esteem of all with whom the duties of bis office, or 

 the courtesies of society, brought him into connection ; and whilst 

 here the University of Oxford marked its opinion of his scholarship 

 and the general sense of bis merits by bestowing upon him the 

 degree of D.C.L. On his return to America Mr. Everett was imme- 

 diately elected President of Harvard University, an office he retained 

 till 1849, when ill-health compelled him to resign it. He was in 

 1S53 elected member of the senate for Massachusetts. 



Mr. Everett is regarded as one of the first scholars, most eloquent 

 orators, and accomplished and liberal-miuded statesman of America, 

 and his high public and private character gives additional weight to 

 his intellectual eminence. To his literary powers he has hardly how- 

 ever done full justice, having never concentrated his energies on any 

 important work. He published in 1826 a volume of twenty-seven 

 Orations and Speeches delivered by him on various public occasions ; 

 which in a second edition in 1850 he extended to two volumes. lli< 

 subsequent discourses, many of which attracted great notice when 

 delivered, his critical and miscellaneous essays, and various short 

 poems, remain at present in a fugitive form. A ' Biographical 

 Memoir of the Public Life of Daniel Webster,' by Mr. Everett, is 

 prefixed to the ' Works ' of Mr. Webster. 



KVLIYA, a celebrated Turkish traveller, generally spoken of as 

 EVLIYA EFPKNDI, was born at Constantinople in the year 1020 of the 

 llegira, answering to A.D. 1611. The circumstances of his parentage 

 are characteristic. His mother was a slave from the Abaza tribe on 

 the Black Sea, who was sent when young with her brother to Sultan 

 Ahmed, who kept the boy for a page, and gave the girl to Mohammed 

 Dervish, chief of the goldsmiths. Mohammed Dervish, the father of 

 Evliya, had when young been the standard-bearer to Sultan Solyman 

 at the memorable siege of Sigeth, or Sziget, in Hungary, in 1564, and 

 one of his ancestors bad been the standard-bearer to Mohammed II. 

 at the siege of Constantinople, His share of the spoil at the capture 

 had been a house and piece of ground in a good situation, on which 

 he bad built 100 shops, and the profits of this speculation ho had 

 assigned to a mosque, not however so entirely but that the adminis- 

 tration of the revenues remained in the hands of his family. Evliya 

 received a careful education, and attended for seven years the college 

 of Hamid Effeudi in one of the quarters of Constantinople. One of 

 his accomplishments was that of knowing the Koran by heart, as a 

 token of which he assumed the technical appellation of Hafiz, but he 

 tells us that in his own time there were 6000 men and 3000 women 

 at Constantinople who had the same proficiency. A dream which he 

 had on the night of his twenty-first birthday, and which he relates 

 with great minuteness at the commencement of his travels, made him 

 resolve to devote his life to seeing the world and writing a description 

 of what he saw, and the next forty-one years of his life were chiefly 

 occupied in travelling. His movements were almost always connected 

 witli military expeditions or with diplomatic and financial missions, 

 for his appointment to which he had a powerful friend in his uncle, 

 the Abaza slave, Melek Ahmed, who rose from the post of sword-bearer 

 to the sultan, to that of grand-vizier. Kvliya tells us that in the 

 course of his career he had seen twenty-two battle.*, bad visited the 

 countries of eighteen different monarch*, and bad heard 147 different 

 languages spoken. He made the pilgrimage to Mecca, went to the 

 Morea, Syria, and Persia, and in 1664 was secretary to Kara Moham- 

 med on his embassy to Vienna, after which he obtained permission to 

 travel on his own account through Germany and the Netherlands 0,1 

 far as Dunkirk, returning through Denmark, Sweden, Poland, and 

 the Crimea. The last ten years of his life were devoted to writing 

 his travels in retirement at Adrianople, and he died about the year 

 1679. 



The travels of Evliya occupy four volumes in Turkish, and the 

 narrative conies down no later than the year 1655, so that it would 

 appear he did not live to complete it. One volume of the four has 

 been published in English (parti in 1834, part 2 in 1846) by the 

 Oriental Translation Fund, from the pen of the celebrated orientalist 

 Ton Hammer. It consists of a curiously uiiuut: account of Con- 



