FABIU3, PICTOR. 



FABRICIUS, JOANNES ALBERTUS. 



I---., i 



likewise Quiutua Fabiu* Maxiuius, who bad also been consul, died 

 be/on him. Hi* grandson Quintal Fabiua Maximus Serrilianus, being 

 prooooiul, fought against Viritu in Spain, mad oouoluded with him 

 u honourmblo pence. (Livy, 'Epitome,' 64.) lie wu afterwards 

 consul repeatedly, and aUo censor. He wrote 'Annals,' which are 

 quoted by Macrobius. ('Saturn.,' L 16.) Hi* brother by adoption 

 Quintua Fabius Maximui JJmilianus, the ton of Pauliu ^tuiiliua 

 (Liry, xlv. 41), waa oooiul in 909 of Rome, and was the father of 

 Fabiua, called Allobrogicus, who lubdnpd not only the Allobroges, but 

 alio the people of Southern Qul, which he reduced into a Koman 

 province, called from that time ' provincia,' or ' Gallia ulterior.' 

 < ,'uiutus Fabiua Maxioma, a grandson of Fabius Maximum Servilianut, 

 erred hi Spain under Julius Coar, and was made consul in the year 

 709 of Rome. Two of hi tona or nephews, Paulus Fabiua Maximus 

 and Quintua Fabiua Maximui were consuls in succession under 

 Augustus. There waa also a Fabius consul under Tiberius. Panvinius 

 and others havo reckoned that during a period of about five centuries, 

 from the time of the first Fabiua, who is mentioned na consul, to the 

 reign of Tiberius, forty-fight consulships, seven dictatorships, eight 

 censorship*, seven augurships, besides the offices of master of the 

 horse and military tribune with consular power, wore filled by 

 individuals of the Fabian house. It also could boast of thirteen 

 triumph* and two ovations. 



(Augutinus, Dt Familiii Romanorum.) 



FA'BIUS PICTOR, the historian, was descended from Marcus 

 Fabius Ambustus, the consul. Caius Fabius, one of the sons of 

 Ambustu*, waa called Pictor, because about B.C. 304 he painted the 

 temple of the goddess of health, which painting existed till the reign 

 of Claudius, when the temple was burnt (Pliny, xxxv. c. 4.) The 

 surname of Pictor was continued to his children,, one of whom, Caiua 

 Fabius Pictor, waa consul with Ogulnius Gallus B.O. 271, and was the 

 father of the historian. Quiutus Fabius Pictor, the historian, lived 

 in the time of the second Punic war, according to the testimony of 

 Livy (xxi.), who says, in speaking of the battle of the Throsymene 

 Lake, that he followed in his narrative the authority of Fabius Pictor, 

 who was contemporary with that memorable event. Fabius appears, 

 from the testimony of Dionysius and Cicero, to have written both in 

 Greek and in Latin. Of the extracts from or references to his ' Annals,' 

 which have bfen transmitted to us, some concern the antiquities of 

 Italy, and the beginning of Rome, others the subsequent fasti, or 

 history of the Romans. lie was the first who compiled a history of 

 his country from the records of the pontiffs, and from popular 

 tradition. He U spoken of with praise by Livy, who evidently 

 borrowed largely from him, and by Cicero, Pliny, Appian, and others. 

 Polybins however censures bis obvious partiality for the Romans, and 

 his unfairness towards the Carthaginians, in his account of the second 

 Punic war. His 'Annals' are lost, with the exception of some 

 fragments, which have been preserved by subsequent writers, and are 

 printed in the collections of Autonius Augustinus, Antwerp, 1595, 

 Antonius Riccobonus, Venice, 1568, and other*. The well-known 

 impostor, Annio da Viterbo, published a small work on the origin of 

 Rome, under the name of Fabius Pictor, but the fraud was discovered. 

 Quintua Fabius Pictor was sent by the senate to Delphi after the 

 battle of Cannae, to consult the Oracle about tho ultimate result of 

 the war. He must not be confounded with Servius Fabius Pictor, 

 who lived in the time of Cato the Elder, and who is praised by Cicero 

 for his knowledge of jurisprudence, literature, and antiquity. 



FABKETTI, KAFFAKLE, born at Urbino in 1619, was secretary 

 of Pope Alexander VIIL, and prefect of the papal archives in the 

 castle of St. Angelo under Innocent XII. Fabretti spent most of his 

 time hi searching the ruins which are scattered about Rome and its 

 neighbourhood, and digging for those which were under ground. He 

 explored catacombs, columbaria, sepulchres, and other subterraneous 

 receptacles ; and he gathered an abundant harvest of antiquities, and 

 chiefly of inscriptions, which he ranged in a collection at his house at 

 l.'rbiuo, which collection has been since transferred to the ducal 

 palace of the same town. It is related that the horse upon which he 

 rode for many years in his perambulations through the Campagno, 

 and which his friends had nicknamed Marco Polo, became so accus- 

 tomed to bis master's hunting after inscriptions that be used to stop 

 of bimwlf whenever he met with any. Fabretti wrote, 1, ' Intcriptio- 

 num Autiquarum Explicatio,' fol., 1699 ; 2, ' De Columna Trajani,' 

 foL, 1688, an elaborate work, in which he illustrated with much 

 erudition and judgment the sculptures of that celebrated monument. 

 He added to it an explanation of tho Disc table which is in the 

 Cspitoline Museum. 3, ' De Aquis et Aqueeductibns Vetcrii Roma-,' 

 4(, 1660, reprinted with notes and additions in 1788. Fabretti 

 rendered great services to arcbioology by his system of illustrating one 

 monument by the help of another. Fabretti died at Rome in January 

 1700 at the age of eighty. He may be considered as the predecessor 

 of BUDchini, Bottari, and other archicologists who illustrated the 

 antiquities of Rome during the 18th century. 



i.llIA'XO, KHANCESCO DI GENTILE DA, commonly called 

 OuniL* DA KABKUO, wu born at Fabriano, in the Marc of Ancona, 

 about 1J70. He was instructed by his father Niccolo in the physical 

 and mathematical sciences, and was placed with Allegretto di Xiuio, 

 called Oritto da Fabriaoo, to learn painting. Gentile executed many 

 works in fresco and a tempera at Gubbio and other cities of the 



Mara of Ancona; and also at Orvieto, Florence, and Siena. IK- 

 painted in 1423 a Madonna for the Cathedral of Orvieto, and he U 

 stylod in the. register of the cathedral " egregius magister magis- 

 trorum." He painted in the same year at Florence a picture of the 

 Adoration of the Kings,' for the sacristy of Santa Trinita, which U 

 now in the gallery of the academy at Florence, and is one of its 

 choicest pieces. But his masterpiece, according to Vasari, was an 

 altar-piece of the Virgin, to., in the church of San NioooUt at the 

 gate of San Miuiato, painted in 1425, now lost, with the exception of 

 two fragments still in the church. Gentile worked also with great 

 distinction at Venice and at Rome : he was presented by the Senate 

 of Venice with the patrician toga, and a pension for life was granted 

 to him for a painting in the council-chamber of the naval victory of 

 the Venetians over the fleet of Frederic Barbarossa in 1 177 : it fell to 

 pieces in the 16th century through damp. At Home he painted some 

 of the decorations of the church of San Giovanni in Laterano. ordered 

 by Pope Martin V. ; and a fresco of the ' Madonna and child with 

 St. Benedict and St. Joseph,' over the tomb of Cardinal Adini 

 the church of Santa Maria Nuova ; all of which have now peri-lu-d. 

 It was the latter work which excited the admiration of Michel Aiigelo, 

 and led him to say that his style was like his name Gentile. 



The colouring and execution of Gentile were excellent for his 

 period, and he was cno of the most meritorious artists of his time. 

 His works, though not to be compared with those of Maaaocio, or 

 even of Fra Giovanni da Kiesole, were an immense improvement upon 

 the rigid meagre forms of Giotto and his school. Geutile taught 

 Jacoppo Bellini at Venice, and that painter's son Gentile was Fabriauo's 

 namesake. Gentile left various writings on the origin and progress of 

 art, on the mixing of colours, and on the art of drawing lines ; but 

 whether they still exist, does not appear. He died about 1450. 



FABRI'CIUS, CAIUS, surnamed Luseinus, was consul for the first 

 time in the year 471 of Rome, 283 B.C., when he triumphed over the 

 Boii and tho Etruscans. After the defeat of the Romans under tho 

 consul Ucvinus by Pyrrhus (B.C. 281), Fabricius was sent by the 

 senate as legate to the king to treat for the ransom of the prisoners, 

 or, according to others, to propose terms of peace. Pyrrhus is said to 

 have endeavoured to bribe him by large offers, which Fabricius, poor 

 as he was, rejected with scorn, to the great admiration of the king. 

 Fabricius being again consul (B.C. 279) was sent against Pyrrhus, who 

 was then encamped near Tarentum. The physician to the king is 

 said to have come secretly to the Roman camp, and to have proposed 

 to Fabricius to poison his master for a bribe, at which the consul, 

 indignant, had him put in fetters and sent back to Pyrrhus, upon 

 whom this instance of Koman integrity made a great impression. 

 Pyrrhus soon after sailed for Sicily, where he waa called by the 

 Syracusans, then hard pressed by the Carthaginians. Fabricius having 

 defeated the Samnites, Lucanians, and Bruttii, who had joined 

 Pyrrhus against Home, triumphed over those people. Pyrrhus, after- 

 wards returning to Italy, was finally defeated and driven away by M. 

 Curius Dentatus (B.C. 276). Two years after, Fabricius being consul 

 for the third time, with Claudius Cinna for his colleague, legates came 

 from king Ptolemy of Egypt to contract an alliance with Rome. 

 Several instances are related of the extreme frugality and simplicity 

 of the manners of Fabriciuj, which are conformable to what is recorded 

 of the austerity of Koman life previous to the Punic wars. When 

 censor, he dismissed from the senate P. Cornelius Hutiuus because he 

 had in hin possession ten pounds' weight of silver plate. Fabricius 

 died poor, and the senate was obliged to make provision for his 

 daughters. 



FABRI'CIUS, JOANNES ALBERTUS, born at Leipzig in 1667, 

 early distinguished himself by his proficiency in classical literature, 

 and his penetration and judgment, assisted by an excellent memory. 

 Having finished his studies at Leipzig, he went to Hamburg, where L 

 F. Meyer appointed him his librarian. He was afterwards appointed 

 professor in the college of Hamburg, where he remained to the end 

 of his life, having refused several advantageous offers made to him by 

 the landgrave of Hesse Cassel and others. He was the author of 

 many elaborate works, the principal of which ore : ' Bibliotheca 

 Grtcca,' 14 vols. 4to, Hamburg, 1705-28. A new edition, with con- 

 siderable improvements, was published by Harles, Hamburg, 1790- 

 1809. The Bibliotheca Gitcca ' is a most valuable work ; it contains 

 notices of all the Greek authors, from tho oldest known down to 

 those who fiouruhcd in the last period of the Byzantine empire, with 

 lists of their works and remarks on them. ' Bibliotheca Latino,' 3 

 vols. 4 to, 1708-21. The ' Bibliotheca Latina ' is inferior in research and 

 copiousness to the 'Bibliotheca Greeca,' but is still a useful work, espe- 

 cially in the amended edition of Ernesti, Leipzig, 1773. 'Bibliotueca 

 Latina Eccloiaxtica,' fol., Hamburg, 1718. ' Bibliotheca Latina media; 

 et infimao .tatis, cum Supplemento C. Schoettgeuii, ex reeeni-iouo 

 Dominici Mans!,' Padua, 8 vols. 4 to, 1754. ' Memoriae Hatnburgeuses,' 

 7 vols. 8vo ; to which Reimar, the son-in-law of Fabricius, added an 

 eighth volume in 1745. 'Codex Apocryphus Novi Testament!,' 

 2 vols. 8vo, 1719 ; being a Collection of the false Gospels, Acts of the 

 Apostles, and other apocryphal books which appeared in the early 

 ages of Christianity. ' Bibliographia Antiquaria,' 4to, 1760; being 

 notices of the authors who have written upon Hebrew, Greek, Human, 

 and ecclesiastical antiquities. ' Delectus Argumentorum et Syllabus 

 Scriptorum qui veriUtetu Religiouis Christiana; lucubrationibus suis 



