801 



FABRICIUS, JOHANN CHRIST. 



FABYAN, ROBERT. 



862 



aseeruerunt," 4to, 1725. ' Hydrotheologia," written in German, and 

 translated into French under the title ' Theologie de 1'Eau, ou Esaai 

 sur la Bonte", la Sagesse, et la Puissance de Dieu, manifestoes dans la 

 Creation de 1'Eau,' 8vo, La Haye, 1741. ' Codex pseudepigraphus 

 Veteria Testament!,' being a counterpart of his work on the Apocrypha 

 of the New Testament. ' Conspectus Thesauri Litterarii Italia?,' 8vo, 

 1749, or notices of the principal collections of the Historians of Italy, 

 as well as of other writers who have illustrated the antiquities, geo- 

 graphy, &c., of that country, including the great works of Burmannus 

 and Grasvius, with an account of the Italian literary journals existing 

 or which bad existed before the time of Fabricius, of the Italian 

 academies, and a catalogue of Italian bibliographers and biographers 

 classed according to the particular towns which they have illustrated. 

 ' Imp. Cses. Augusti Temporum Notatio, Genus et Scriptorum Frag- 

 menta,' with ' Nicola! Damasceni De Institutione Augusti,' 4to, 1727. 

 ' Salutaris Lux Evangelii, sive Notitia Propagatorum per Orbemtotum 

 Sacrorum : accedunt Epiatolse quasdam ineditae Juliani Imperatoris, 

 Gregorii Habessini Theologia JEthiopiea, necnon Index geographicus 

 Epiacopatuum Orbis Christian!,' 4to, 1731; a work which contains 

 useful information for students of ecclesiastical history. ' Centifolium 

 Lutheranum, sive Notitia Literaria Scriptorum omnis generis de 

 Martino Luthero, ejus Vita, Scriptis, et Reformatione Ecclesije 

 editorum, 2 vols. 8vo, 1730. ' Centuria Fabriciorum Scriptis clarorura 

 qni jam diem suam obierunt collects,' 2 vols. 8vo, 1709, with a con- 

 tinuation in 1727. The author has included in his list not only the 

 authors whose name or surname was Fabricius, but also those whose 

 names may be turned into the Latin Fabricius ; such as Le Fevre, 

 Fabri, the German Schmidts, &c. Independently of the above and 

 other minor works, Fabricius published editions of Sextus Empiricus, 

 of the Gallia Orientals of Father Colomies, of the works of St. 

 Hippolytus, and many others. The catalogue of the works published 

 by him exceeds 100. Fabricius died at Hamburg in April 1736, in 

 his sixty-ninth year. His private character was as praiseworthy as his 

 learning was great. He was modest, hospitable to strangers who came 

 to visit him, indefatigable in the duties of his professorship and rector- 

 ship, and yet he found time for the compilation of the numerous 

 works already mentioned. Reirnar, his son-in-law, wrote his biography 

 in Latin, 8vo, 1732. 



FABRI'CIUS, JOHANN CHRIST, was bom in the year 1742 at 

 Tundern, in the duchy of Sleswick. He was brought up to the 

 medical profession, and at the age of twenty-three was made professor 

 of natural history and rural economy at Kiel. 



Fabricius studied under Linnaeus, and afterwards enjoyed perhaps a 

 more brilliant reputation than any other pupil of that great naturalist. 

 He was early induced, by the circumstance of Linnseus quoting him in 

 his ' Systema Naturae,' especially to devote himself to the study of 

 entomology, a science at that time in its infancy. The first results of 

 his investigations were made known in 1775 in his 'Systema Entomo- 

 logist,' where he proposed a new arrangement of the insect tribe, the 

 novelty of which consisted in choosing for his divisions the modifications 

 observable in the parts of the mouth. Fabricius subsequently published 

 numerous other works of still greater importance, a list of which is 

 given at the end of this article. Possessing a great knowledge of 

 languages, Fabricius travelled through the northern and middle states 

 of Europe, collecting new materials, and frequenting the various 

 museums, from which he described all such insects as had hitherto 

 been unpublished. Accounts of his travels in Norway, Russia, and 

 England, were published by him. He visited England seven times, and 

 received great assistance from inspecting the collections of Sir Joseph 

 Banks, John Hunter, Drury, Francillon, and others. 



Although chiefly known as an entomologist, Fabricius was not a 

 stranger to other branches of zoology ; he was also versed in botany 

 :md mineralogy. He died of dropsy, in his sixty-fifth year. His 

 principal works are : ' Systema Eutomologia:, sistens Insectorurn 

 Classes,' &c., 1 vol. 8vo, Flensburgi ct Lipsise, 1775; 'Philosophia 

 Entomologica,' 8vo, Hamburg! et Kilonii, 1778 ; ' Reise nach Nor- 

 wcgen, mit Bemerkungen aus der Natur Historic und CEconomie,' 8vo, 

 Hamburg, 1779; 'Species Insectorum, sistens eorum differentias 

 ftpecificas, synonymia auctorum, loca natalia, metamorphosis,' &c., 2 

 vols. 8vo, Hamburg! et Kilonii, 1781; 'Mantissa Insectorum, sistens 

 species nuper detectas,' &c, 2 vols. 8vo, Hafnix, 1787; 'Genera 

 Insectorum,' 1 vol. 8vo (Chilonii), Kiel, 1776 ; ' Entomologia Syste- 

 inatica, emendata et aucta,' 4 vols. 8vo, Hafnito, 1792-93-94 ; 'Index 

 Alphabeticus,' 1796; ' Snpplementum Entomologia! Svstematicae," 1 

 vol. 8vo, Hafni;c, 1798; 'Systema Eleuteratorum,' 2 vols. 8vo, Kilije, 

 1801; 'Index,' 8vo, Kiliao, 1802; 'Systema Rhyngotorum,' 8vo, 

 Brnnsvigic, 1801; 'Index Alphabeticus Rhyngotorum, genera et 

 species continens,' quarto, Brunsvigao, 1803; 'Systema Piezatorum,' 

 8vo, Brunsvigaj, 1804; and ' Systems Antliatorum,' 8vo, Brunsvigje, 

 1805. 



FABRI'ZIO, QERO'NIMO, commonly called FABRICIUS AB 

 ACQUAPKNDENTE, was born in 1537 at Acquapendente in Italy, 

 a city near Orvieto, in the Papal States. His parents, although poor, 

 contrived to furnish him with the means of obtaining an excellent 

 education at Padua, which was then rapidly approaching the eminence 

 it long held, especially as a school of medicine, among the universities 

 of Europe. He became at an early age a pupil of Fallopius, who then 

 h'-M the chair of anatomy and surgery at Padua, and speedily attracted 



the attention and goodwill of his instructor ; and so well did he avail 

 himself of the advantages thus opened to him, that he was appointed 

 on the death of Fallopius in 1562 to succeed him in the direction of 

 the anatomical studies of the university, and three years later to the 

 full emoluments of the professorship. The growing perception of the 

 importance of anatomical knowledge led in 1584 to the institution of 

 a separate chair for the teaching of that branch of medicine, which 

 however Fabricius appears to have still held in conjunction with that 

 of surgery up to a late period of his life, with the able assistance of 

 Casserius. 



His reputation as a teacher drew students from all parts of Europe, 

 till at length the theatre of anatomy, built originally by himself, 

 became so crowded, that the Venetian senate provided him in 1593 

 with another of ample dimensions at the public expense ; aud at the 

 same time added largely to his salary, and granted him many exclusive 

 privileges and titles of honour. The fame and wealth he derived from 

 his practice as a surgeon was even more than equal to that which he 

 enjoyed as an anatomist, and after upwards of fifty years of uninterrupted 

 prosperity he retired from public life the possessor of an enormous 

 fortune aud the object of universal esteem. Yet he does not appeal- 

 to have found the contentment he sought in his retirement. His 

 latter years were embittered by domestic dissensions and the unfeeling 

 conduct of those who expected to become his heirs, aud he died iu 

 1619, at the age of eighty-two, not without the suspicion of poison, 

 at his country-seat on the banks of the Brenta, still known as the 

 Montagnuola d' Acquapendente. 



The name of Fabricius is endeared to the cultivators of his science 

 by the circumstance of his having been the tutor of William Harvey, 

 whose discovery of the circulation of the blood (by far the most 

 important yet achieved in physiology) was suggested, according to his 

 own statement, by the remarks of Fabricius on the valvular structure 

 of the veins. The title of Fabricius to the minor discovery has been 

 disputed, though strongly asserted by some anatomists. The truth 

 is, that his merit did not so much consist in original discovery as in 

 the systematic arrangement and dissemination of the knowledge 

 acquired by his predecessors. It is as a practical surgeon that he is 

 now chiefly remembered : the observations recorded in his works 

 having however been since wrought up in the general body of surgical 

 knowledge, are now seldom consulted or quoted specifically as derived 

 from himself. 



Fabricius published many tracts both in anatomy and surger}'. 

 Those on anatomy and physiology, often referred to, but not witli 

 unmixed praise, by Harvey and the writers of the period immediately 

 subsequent to his own, were collected in one volume folio, and repub- 

 lished, with a biographical memoir of the author, by Albinus at Leyden 

 in 1738. The best edition of his surgical works, the twenty-fifth, was 

 printed, also in one folio volume, at Padua in 1666. His writings are 

 all in Latin, and display a considerable knowledge of the literature, 

 general and medical, of that language and of the Greek. 



FABROT, or FABROTUS, CHA.RLES-ANNIBAL, a jurist, was 

 born at Aix, in Provence, in 1580 or 1681. In the memoirs of the 

 French jurists the names and conduct of their patrons generally 

 occupy au important position : among those who were instrumental 

 iu bringing Fabrot into notice occur the names of two distinguished 

 men, Fabri de Peiresc and Bignou the avocat-general. With an 

 interval of a short residence in Paris in 1617, Fabrot appears to have 

 taught law in the University of Aix from the year 1609 to 1637, when 

 he went to Paris to print his edition of the ' Institute of Theophilus,' 

 or the Greek version of Justinian's ' Institute ' (' Institutionum 

 Justinian! Imperatoris Paraphrasis Graeca, etc., recensuit, et Scholiis 

 Grjficis auxit, Car. Annibal Fabrotus '). Having got access to the 

 manuscripts in the possession of Cujacius, and to others in the public 

 libraries, he long laboured in the preparation of an edition of the 

 ' Basilica,' which, containing a version of the several parts of the 

 'Corpus Juris,' and also the additions made under the Eastern 

 emperors, were, unless through the fragments edited in L^tia by 

 Hervetus, known to the jurists only in manuscript. Fabrot's edition 

 was published at Paris in 1647 in 7 vols. folio (' Basilicorum Libri 

 Sexaginta, cum Versione Latina C. A. Fabrotti et aliorum '). This 

 edition contains thirty-three complete and ten incomplete books of 

 the sixty. In 1658 Fabrot edited at Paris the works of Cujacius, iu 

 10 vols. folio ; a well-known edition, but not well provided with 

 means of reference. The labour connected with this work is said to 

 have occasioned the death of its editor : he died at Paris on the 16th 

 of January 1759. He wrote several minor works on jurisprudence, 

 and some on the science now called medical jurisprudence, e. g., 

 ' Disquisitiones duas : prior de Justo Partu altera de Numero 

 Puerperii." Some of these minor works are iu the ' Thesaurus Juris 

 Romani' of Everard Otto. 



FABYAN, ROBERT, the historian, was descended from a respect- 

 able family of Essex. Bishop Tanner says he was born in London. 

 We have no dates of his early life, but he is known to have belouged, 

 as a citizen, to the Company of Drapers. From records in the city 

 archives, it appears that he was alderman of the ward of Farringdon 

 Without, and in 1493 served the office of sheriff. In 1496, iu the 

 mayoralty of Sir Henry Colet, we find him " assigned and chosen," 

 with Mr. Recorder and certain commoners, to ride to the king " for 

 redress of the new impositions raised and levied upon English cloths 



