FALLOPPIO, GABRIELLO. 



FANTUZZI. 



870 



Falkland, whilst fully concurring iu the proposition for prosecuting 

 the Earl of Strafford, urged strenuously, though without avail, and 

 almost without support, the propriety, aa a matter of justice, of 

 appointing a committee to inquire into the earl's conduct, and to 

 frame specific charges, before proceeding to impeach him of high 

 treason. 



Lord Falkland was free from any party bias, and thinking that the 

 leaders of the popular party were in certain instances pushing their 

 measures to an extent which was illegal and fraught with danger, and 

 that the king was disposed to acquiesce iu the just demands of the 

 nation, he opposed them strenuously : hence he came to be regarded 

 as an advocate of the court, and Charles I. invited him to become one 

 of his privy council, and offered to make him secretary of state in the 

 room of Sir Henry Vane, whom the king had dismissed. Lord Falk- 

 land was much disinclined to associate himself with the court party, 

 but after much persuasion by Lord Clarendon and other personal 

 friends, he was prevailed upon to accept the king's offers. His severity 

 of moral principle was ill fitted to harmonise with Charles's duplicity 

 and unconstitutional designs, but the civil war having commenced, he 

 adhered to him with inflexible firmness, using every effort to reconcile 

 the contending powers, and, though without any military command, 

 attending the king on all occasions of conflict or danger. But his 

 alacrity of spirit had deserted him, and when sitting among his friends", 

 after long silence and frequent sighs, he would ejaculate, "Peace, peace," 

 in a mournful tone, and passionately profess that " the very agony of 

 the war, and the view of the calamities and desolation the kingdom 

 did and must endure, took his sleep from him, and would shortly 

 break his heart." He insisted on making one in the first rank of 

 Lord Byron's cavalry at the battle of Newbury, September 20, 1643, 

 and on the first encounter was shot in the belly with a musket-ball ; 

 he instantly fell from his horse, and his body was not found till the 

 following day. 



Lord Clarendon, who was his intimate friend, has pronounced a 

 long and eloquent eulogium on his character, which indeed appears to 

 have been worthy of the highest admiration. His chief work was, 

 ' A Discourse on the Infallibility of the Church of Rome.' 



FALLOPPIO, or FALLOTIUS, GABRIELLO, was born at Modena 

 about 1523. He was one of the three distinguished anatomists of the 

 16th century to whom Cuvier, an unquestionable authority on such 

 subjects, has assigned the merit of restoring, or rather creating, their 

 science in its modern and exact form. His associates in this award 

 of praise are Vesalius and Eustachius, the former of whom he 

 succeeded in the united professorship? of anatomy and surgery at 

 Padua in 1551 : the latter taught at Rome during the same period. 

 [ECSTACHICS.] 



Fallopius appears at one time to have held an ecclesiastical appoint- 

 ment in the cathedral at Modena, which he resigned to devote himself 

 to more congenial pursuits. Having gratified his curiosity by travelling 

 through the most interesting parts of Europe, he settled for a time as 

 a public teacher of anatomy at Ferrara, where he had received a 

 medical education. But he soon quitted that university, which was 

 in fact a sphere too narrow for his talents; and had lectured at Pisa 

 for ome years with increasing reputation under the patronage of the 

 first Grand Duke of Tuscany [CoSMO I.], when he was induced by the 

 liberal proflers of the Venetian senate to repair to Padua to take the 

 place of Vesalius, who had been obliged to resign his academic offices 

 by one of the disastrous incidents which have thrown a romantic 

 interest over the latter part of hia remarkable life. [VESALIUS.] 



The studies of Fallopius were by no means confined to one depart- 

 ment of natural history. He appears to have occupied himself, among 

 the rest, with the subject of systematic botany, which had very recently 

 begun to attract attention. In this, as in all other steps in the revival 

 of learning, Italy took the lead. The first botanic garden had been 

 established at Pisa by Cosmo do' Medici in 1543, and was at this time 

 under the management of Caesalpinus. The second was established 

 two years later at Padua ; and the charge of this garden, with the 

 professorial duties annexed to it, was committed to Fallopius soon 

 after his arrival in that university. The botanical researches and 

 collections he had mado during his travels, and his subsequent 

 opportunities at Pisa of access to the best sources of contemporary 

 information, had probably fitted him in no common degree to under- 

 take this additional charge, which he is said to have sustained with 

 great ability and applause. 



In addition to his merit as a naturalist and a teacher, Fallopius was 

 an excellent and expeditious operator, and otherwise, for his time, a 

 good practical surgeon. His character with posterity in this respect 

 is however somewhat tainted by the appearance of a degree of quackery 

 in the concealment of his remedies, and a trumpeting forth of their 

 virtues, which his experience of them could not have justified. After 

 a short but brilliant career of eleven years, both in practice and as a 

 teacher, he died at Padna in 1562, and was succeeded by his favourite 

 pupil Fahrizio, or Fabricius ab Acquapendente. [FABRIZIO.] 



The only work certainly knowu to have been revised by himself 

 was a volume entitled ' Anatomical Observations.' It was first printed 

 in 8vo at Venice in the year before his death, and has been frequently 

 reprinted. The publication of this work forms an epoch in the science 

 of human anatomy. There is no part of the frame with which the 

 author does not display a masterly acquaintance. Many important 



parts of it he was the first to describe, if not to observe, and several 

 of them still bear his name. His lectures on pharmacy, surgery, and 

 anatomy were published after his death in various forms, and with 

 very different degrees of fidelity, by his pupils. The best of them 

 were collected and published with his ' Observations ' in 3 vols. folio, 

 Venice, 1584, and have passed through, several editions. They are 

 now superseded by more complete and systematic treatises, aud are 

 seldom consulted but by antiquarians in medical literature, or to support 

 novel opinions ; for in these sciences, as iu others, much that is now 

 is likewise old. 



FANSHAWE, THE RIGHT HONOURABLE SIR RICHARD, was 

 the youngest sou of Sir H. Fanshawe, and was born iu 1608 at Ware 

 Park, in the county of Hertford. He became a fellow-commoner of 

 Jesus College, Cambridge, in 1623, and removed to the Inner Temple 

 in 1626. On the death of his mother, who had long survived liU 

 father, he betook himself to travel, and visited France and Spain. He 

 was subsequently appointed secretary to the embassy at Madrid, and 

 was left resident there till 1633. After his return, and on the breaking 

 out of the civil war, he declared himself a royalist, and attended the 

 court at Oxford, where he received the degree of Doctor of Civil Law. 

 He followed the Prince of Wales to the islands of Scilly and Jersey in 

 the capacity of secretary, and in 1648 became treasurer to the navy 

 under Prince Rupert. At the battle of Worcester he was taken 

 prisoner; but being released, he repaired to Charles II. at Breda, and 

 was by him appointed his master of requests and Latin secretary. 

 He returned to England with Charles, represented Cambridge iu 1661, 

 and was employed in negociating Charles's marriage with Catherine. 

 He was sent as ambassador to Philip IV. of Spain in 166i, and died 

 at Madrid in 1666, leaving a widow and five children. His body was 

 sent home embalmed. 



Notwithstanding the active life of Fanshawe, he found leisure to 

 attend to literature, and produced several works, the most celebrated 

 of which is a translation of Guarini's ' Pastor Fido.' The parts of this 

 work written in heroic measure are harsh aud ill-managed, but tho 

 lighter lyric passages are playful and often melodious, and some of the 

 more sublime choruses are sonorous and majestic. This book is not 

 very easily procured. It was published in 1664, and is adorned with 

 a curious portrait of Guarini. Besides the ' Pastor Fido ' the volume 

 contains some translations from Virgil and Martial; some short 

 original pieces in verse ; and a ' Short Discourse of the long Civil Wars 

 of Rome ' in prose. 



FANT, ERIK MICHAEL, an investigator of the early political 

 and literary history of Sweden, whose labours ara of considerable 

 value, was born at Kskilstuna in Sudermanland, on the 9th of January 

 1754, studied at the university of Upsal, became assistant-librarian 

 there in 1779, and Professor of History in 1781. He retired in 1816 

 on a pension, which he enjoyed for a very short time, dying at Upsal 

 on the 23rd of October 1817. His life was written by his friend and 

 pupil J. H. Schroder, the present librarian of Upsal, and is included 

 in a small volume published by him in 1839 under the title of ' Tal 

 och Minnestechningar.' 



The most important work with which Fant was connected was the 

 collection entitled ' Scriptores rerum Svecicarum medii zevi." He had 

 originally projected it with his friend Nordin when both of them were 

 sub-librarians at Upsal, but the project slept for want of encourage- 

 ment for forty years, and Bishop Nordin was dead when Fant at the 

 age of sixty-two retired from his professorship with the view of 

 devoting himself to the realisation of their youthful project, aud died 

 before the publication of the first volume. That volume was issued 

 in 1818, and a second was published in 1828 by Geijer and Schroder. 

 The work appears to have advanced no further than these two 

 folios, but even in this imperfect state it is an indispensable book in 

 every Swedish library. It contains the only editions of several con- 

 temporary histories, bearing on the introduction of the Reforma- 

 tion into the North. A peculiar feature in the literature of Sweden 

 consists in the number and importance of its academical theses or 

 dissertations, which are nearly as various in their subject-matter and in 

 their mode of treatment as the articles of English reviews. The name 

 of Fant is attached to no less than three hundred and twenty-eight of 

 these compositions. Two names appear on the title-page in connection 

 with each thesis that of the ' Prases," generally the professor of the 

 branch of knowledge to which it belongs, and that of the 'Respondent,' 

 or candidate for a degree ; and by a very uufortusate rule of academi- 

 cal etiquette the reader is generally left in the dark aa to whether the 

 Prases or the Respondent is the author of the thesis. 



Fant is spoken of by friends at tho university acquainted with the 

 facts of the case, as the author of a ' History of Greek Literature in 

 Sweden," to which -his name is appended as Respondent, and of ' Annals 

 of Swedish Typography, in the 16th Century,' to which his name is 

 appended as Prseses. Many of tho other dissertations, which are said 

 to be of very unequal merit, and with some of which he may have had 

 no other concern than that of lending his name, are on equally curious 

 subjects miscellaneous Swedish biography, the history of Gustavus 

 Adolphus, the history of the Reformation iu Sweden, &c. He pub- 

 lished also some more ambitious attempts at a continuation of the 

 history of Sweden, by Lagerbring, as a general outline of Swedish 

 history, &c., but these do not appear to have enhanced his reputation. 



FANTUZZI. [TBBNTO, ANTONIO DA.] 



