873 



FARIA E SOUSA. 



FARNESE. 



874 



of a ceutury. For such duties he was peculiarly qualified from 

 retentive memory as to details of machines and processes, names and 

 dates, and from habits of conscientious and laborious research into 

 authorities for cases. In his investigations and in the preparation 

 of drawings for specifications, he was assisted by his wife, a lady of 

 great scientific attainments. From the shock of her decease he never 

 wholly recovered. Some time before, part of his library and docu- 

 ments had been burnt with hU house in Guildford-street. Farey 

 commenced a ' Treatise on the Steam-engine, Historical, Practical, 

 and Descriptive," (4to, London, 1827, with plates,) a valuable work, 

 but which did not get beyond a first volume, and he was an active 

 member of the Institution of Civil Engineers, from whose Report of 

 1851-52 many of these particulars are derived. 



FARIA E SOUSA, a Portuguese escudero, and a writer on various 

 subjects, chiefly in the Spanish language, was born in 1590, in a country 

 residence called Caravella, in the province of Entre Miulio e Douro. 

 His talents were so precocious, that in 1600 he attended the lectures 

 of his father and others at the University of Braga. Being desirous 

 to become familiar with the Greek and Roman classics, he repaired, in 

 1001, to the learned Gonralo de Moraes, bishop of Oporto. This new 

 tutor Boon appointed him his secretary, notwithstanding Faria's con- 

 stant rej action of all oflers of preferment on condition of entering the 

 church, and notwithstanding his consecrating the first essays of his 

 muse to his mistress Amelia. This lady was probably the same Donna 

 Catalina Machado whom Faria married in 1614, whose stoical calmness 

 in a tremendous storm at sea he celebrated in his ' Fuente de Aga- 

 nippe' (Od. ii. part 3). In IB 19 Faria quitted Portugal to try his fortune 

 at the Spanish court; but his independent character prevented his 

 success, and he returned to Portugal. Being unable to improve his 

 prospects in Portugal, he once more resorted to Madrid, and at last in 

 1631 obtained the secretaryship to the Spanish embassy at Rome under 

 the Marquis of Castel Rodrigo. He attracted the notice of the Italian 

 literati, and even numbered Pope Urban VIII. among hia patrons, but 

 ho could not a,-ree with the marquis, and returned to Spain in 1634. 

 After many sufferings, proceeding from the resentment of this person- 

 age, he was allowed at last to settle as a prisoner at Madrid, where, 

 abandoning all thoughts of advancement, he devoted the remainder of 

 his life solely to letters with such ardour as to hasten his death, which 

 took place on the 3rd of June 1649. 



Faria adhered closely to that extravagant school which in Spain was 

 fostered so much by that of the Martinists in Italy. He revelled in 

 bold flights of fancy, but all his beauties are like flowers buried in 

 parasitical weeds. He wrote daily, as he says himself, twelve sheets ; 

 and moreover had such facility in rhetorical turns and flourishes, that 

 in a single day he could compose a hundred different addresses of 

 congratulation and condolence. On the other hand, his historical 

 works, which are written in Spanish, are still valuable for their subject- 

 matter. The rust of his works are not all in that language, as we find 

 it stated in the ' Biographie Uuiverselle.' Out of his select 600, or, 

 as he terms them, ' six centuries,' of sonnets, exactly 200 are in 

 Portuguese, and twelve of his eclogues are also in that language. 



HU works are 1st. ' Noches Claras, o Discursos morales y politicos." 

 2nd. ' Comentarios sobre la Lusiada," on which he laboured twenty-five 

 years, and yet the commentary, except on historical points, rather 

 ie than illustrates the original. It waa prohibited first by the 

 Inquisition of Spain, and more strictly afterwards by that of Portugal. 

 This occasioned the following work: 3rd. 'Defensa por los Comen- 

 tarios sobre la Lusiada.' 4th. ' Epitome de las Historias Portugueses," 

 or a History of Portugal. 5th. ' Imperio de la China, y Cultura 

 Evange'lica por los Religiosos de la Compania de Jesus," written by 

 Samedo, but published by Faria. The following are his posthumous 

 works: 'El Asia Portnguesa desde 1497 hasU 1640;' 'La Europa 

 Portuguesa hasta 1557;' 'El Africa Portuguesa,' translated by John 

 Stevens, 3 vola. 8vo, London, 1796 ; * El America Portuguesa,' iuedited; 

 ' Fuente de Aganippe, o Uimas varias ; ' ' Divinas y humnnas Flores ; ' 

 ' Gran Justicm deAragon;' at the end of which is the 'Retrato de 

 Manuel Faria,' that is to say, his Life, by his friend PorceL Besides 

 this work the reader may consult Bouterwek, ' Spanish and Portuguese 

 Literature ;' Nicholas Antonius, ' Biblio. Hisp. :' Niceron, 'Memoires/ 

 &c., vol. xxxvi. 



FARINA'TI, PAOLO, a celebrated painter of Verona, where he 

 was born in 1522. He studied first under Niccolo Giolfino, at Verona, 

 and afterwards under Giorgione and Titian at Venice. There are several 

 excellent works in fresco and in oil by him in the principal cities about 

 Verona, where he and his wife died, in 1606, on the same day. His 

 style of design is robust and vigorous, similar to that of Julio Romano, 

 and his colouring has much of the character of that of the Venetian 

 school. He etched a few designs from sacred and mythological history : 

 they are described by Bartacb. 



FARMER, DR. RICHARD, descended from a respectable family in 

 Leicestershire, wai born at Leicester, August 28, 1735. He received 

 the early part of his education in the Free Grammar School of hia 

 native town, and in 1753 was entered a pensioner of Emmanuel 

 College, Cambridge. In due time he took his degrees ; was elected 

 fellow, and in 1760 became classical tutor of Emmanuel College, 

 which office he held until his election to the mastership in 1775. He 

 served the office of Vice-Chan cellor in the same year, and in 1778 was 

 elected Chief Librarian to the UniTersity, In 1780 he was collated 



woo. Civ. VOL. ix. 



to a prebendal stall at Lichfiekl, and some time afterwards became 

 Prebendary of Canterbury, which he resigned (1783) for the office of 

 a Canon Residentiary at St. Paul's. He died alter a long and painful 

 illness, at Emmanuel Lodge, September 8, 1797, and wa=i buried in 

 the chapel. An epitaph to his memory was written by Dr. Parr, and 

 is inscribed on the college cloisters. Dr. Farmer collected a valuable 

 library of tracts aud eariy English literature, which was sold after 

 his death and produced, as it U said, a great deal more than it 

 originally cost. 



Dr. Fanner was a tory in politics, and belonged to the party which 

 goes by the name of ' orthodox, ' in the church ; his manners were 

 frank aud unreserved, and his habits rather those of a boou companion 

 than of a clergyman. It is reported of him that he declined a 

 bishopric rather than forego his favourite amusement of seeing 

 Shakspere performed on the stage, a reason which, if founded on 

 truth, had at all events more cogency in the time of Garrick than at 

 present. Dr. Farmer id now only remembered by his ' Essay on the 

 Learning of Shakspeare," a work which, on its first appearance, was 

 described as learned, ingenious, and laborious. It deserves this 

 character, but no more. It contains the result of much reading, but 

 is distinguished by neither taste nor judgment. 



FARNABY, or FAHNABIE, THOMAS, a learned critic and gram- 

 marian, was born in London in 1575. His grandfather was of Truro 

 in Cornwall ; but his great-grandfather, an Italian musician, was the 

 first of hU family who settled in England. He was admitted as a 

 servitor of Merton College, Oxford, in 1590; but being of an unsettled 

 disposition, he quitted the university abruptly, changed his religion, 

 and passed over to Spain, where he was received into a Jesuits' college. 

 But he soon grew weary of their discipline; and in 1595 joined Sir 

 Francis Drake and Sir John Hawkins in their last expedition. He 

 is reported also to have served subsequently as a soldier in the Low 

 Countries. Gaining no profit in these expeditions, he returned to 

 England, landed in Cornwall, and in the urgency of his necessities 

 descended to the humble employmeat of teaching children their horn- 

 book. In this situation he assumed the name of Thomas Bainrafe, 

 the anagram of Farnabie. After some time he changed his residence 

 to Mai-tuck in Somersetshire, where ho established a grammar-school 

 for youth with great success, under his own name. From Martock 

 he removed to London, and opened a school in Goldsmiths' Ili-uts 

 behind Red-cross-street, near Cripplegate, where his reputation 

 became so established, that the number of his scholars, chiefly the 

 sons of noblemen aud gentlemen, amounted at one time to more than 

 300. Antony a Wood says, his school was so frequented that more 

 churchmen and statesmen issued from it than from any school taught 

 by one man in England. Whilst here he was created M.A. in tho 

 University of Cambridge, and on the 21th of April 1616 was incor- 

 porated in the same degree at Oxford. In 1636 he quitted London 

 to reside at Sevenoaks in Kent, resuming his former occupation, and, 

 with the wealth which he had accumulated, purchased landed property 

 both in Kent and Sussex. In 1641 he became mixed up in the com- 

 motions of the times as a favourer of the royal cause, and was committed 

 to prison, first in Newgate, and afterwards in Ely House. It was at 

 one time debated in the House of Commons whether he should not 

 be transported to America, Wood insinuates that some of the 

 members of both Houses who had been his scholars were among those 

 who urged his being treated with severity. He died on the 12th of 

 June 1647, and was interred in the chancel of the church at 

 Sevenoaks. 



His own works were 1, ' Index Rhetoricus Scholis accommodatus,' 

 12mo, Lond., 1625 : to which in 1646 were added 'Formula: Oratoriaj 

 et Index Poeticus:' the fifth edition was printed in 1G54 ; 2, 'Flori- 

 legium Epigrammatum Grsecorum, eorumque Latino versu a variis 

 redditorim,' 8vo, Lond., 1629, 1650; 3, ' Systema Grammaticum,' 8vo, 

 Lond., 1641 ; 4, ' Phrasasologia Anglo-Latiua,' 8vo, Lond.; 5, 'Tabulte 

 Linguce Gnecte,' 4to, Lond. ; 6, ' Syntaxis," 8vo, Loud. His editions 

 of the classics, with annotations, were, Juvenal and Fergus, 12mo, 

 Lond., 1612; Amst., 1662; Hag., 1663 ; Seneca, 12mo, Lond., 1613; 

 Amst., 1632, 1634; 8vo, Pat., 1659; 12mo, Amst., 1665; Martial, 

 12mo, Lond., 1615 ; Gen., 1623; Lond., 1633; Lucan, 12mo, Loud., 

 1618; 8vo, Francof., 1624; Virgil, 8vo, Lond., 1634; Ovid, fol., Par., 

 1637; 12mo, Lond., 1677, &c. His 'Notes upon Terence' were 

 finished only as far as tho fourth comedy when he died ; but Dr. 

 Mci io Casaubon completed the last two comedies, and published tho 

 whole at London, 12mo, 1651. Other editions were 8vo, 1669; and 

 Salm, 1671. Dr. Bliss, in his additions to Wood's ' Athene," says, 

 " Faruaby intended an edition of Petronius Arbiter's ' Satyricon." " 



FARNE'SE, the name of a noble family of modern Rome, who 

 were originally feudatories of tho territory of Farnese and Montalto, 

 in the Papal States", south-west of the Lake of Bolseua, and near the 

 borders of Tuscany. The splendour of this family was greatly 

 increased by the exaltation of Cardinal Alessandro Farnese to the 

 Papal See after the demise of Clement VII. in October 1534. 

 [PAUL III.] This pope had a natural son, Pier Luigi Farnese, whom 

 lie determined to make a sovereign prince. For this purpose he first 

 of all alienated part of the territory of the church in tho neighbour- 

 hood of the feudal domain of his family, aud formed a duchy called 

 that of Castro, from the name of its chief towu, adding to it the 

 towns of Ronciglione and Nepi, with their territories. This district, 



3L 



