885 



FELIBIEN, ANDRE. 



FELLOWS, SIB CHARLES. 



836 



both published in 1850. The last work was prohibited by the 

 Austrian government as of too liberal a character. We have seen no 

 mention of his death ; if living, he must be at the age of ninety. 



FELIBIEN, ANDRE, was born in May 1619 at Chartres, depart- 

 ment of Eure et-Loir, France. He was appointed secretary of embassy 

 to the Marquis do Fontenay-Mareuil on his mission to Rome in 1647 ; 

 and there formed an acquaintance with Poussin and other eminent 

 artists, and gave much attention to the study of the Fine Arts. On his 

 return to France he married and settled at Chartres, but subsequently 

 \vent to Paris, where he acquired the friendship of Colbert, from whom 

 he received in succession the appointments of Historiographer du Roi, 

 superintendent of the royal buildings, and of arts and manufactures, 

 keeper of the antiquities of the Palais Brion, and secretary of the 

 Acade'mie d" Architecture, instituted in 1671. Felibien was one of the 

 eight who formed the Acad<5mie des Inscriptions, founded by Colbert 

 in 1663. Louvois appointed Felibien comptroller-general of the 

 highways and bridges, and he held some other offices. As a kind of 

 official director in matters of art in the court of Louis XIV., Felibien's 

 position was one of great influence, and his writings on artistic 

 matters were long regarded as of high authority. The work by which 

 he is now chiefly known is bis ' Entretieus sur les Vies et sur les 

 Ouvrages des plus excellena Peintres aucieiis et moderns," 4to, Paris, 

 1 666. This work was several times reprinted in other countries as well 

 as in France, translated into various languages, and is still regarded as 

 a valuable book of reference. It is by far the best of Felibien's pro- 

 ductions, but is crude, immethodical, and diffuse. He also published 

 'Origine de la Peinture,' 4to, Paris, 1660; ' Priucipes de 1' Architec- 

 ture, de la Sculpture, do la Peinture, et des autres Arts qui en 

 ddpendant, avec uu Dictionnaire des Termes propres,' 4to, Paris, 

 1676-90 ; ' Conferences de 1'Acade'inie de Peinture,' 4to, Paris, 1669 ; 

 and descriptions of the palace of Versailles, and of its artistic treasures, 

 of the Abbey of La Trappe, and of various entertainments given by 

 Louis XIV., besides some religious pieces, translations, &c. All the 

 inscriptions placed in the court of the Hotel de Ville at Paris between 

 I860 and 1686 were written by Felibien. He died June 11, 1695. 



JEAN FRANCOIS FELIBIEN, eldest son of Andre", was born in 1758; 

 he inherited his father's love for the arts, assisted him in several of his 

 works, and succeeded him in some of his offices. He was a conseiller 

 du roi, secretary of the Acade'mie d' Architecture, and treasurer of the 

 Acaddmie des Inscriptions. His best known work is the ' Receuil 

 llistorique de la Vie et des Ouvrages des plus cdlebres Architectes,' 

 4to, Paris, 1SS7, which was several times reprinted, but is a work of 

 little value. He also wrote several descriptions of public buildings. 

 He was removed from his office of treasurer of the Acaddmie des 

 Inscriptions in 1716, on suspicion of being concerned in some dis- 

 honourable transactions, aud in 1722 his name was struck off the 

 list of the Academy. He published a 'Kequete au Roi, pour 

 demander d'etre remis sur la liste des Academicians, et de conserver 

 eon rang dans 1' Acaddmie,' 12mo, 1722; and an arret du conseil of 

 July IS, 1722 acquitted him of the charges brought against him, but 

 he was not re-admitted into the Academy. He died at Paris, June 

 27, 1733. 



DOM MICHEL FELIBIEN, another son of Andrd, was born at Chartres, 

 September 14, 1666. At the age of sixteen he entered the congrega- 

 tion of St. Maur. Feeble health preventing him from active exertions, 

 he devoted himself chiefly to literature. His principal work is a 

 ' Histoire de 1'Abbaye Royale de St Denis,' foL, Paris, 1706. This 

 work contained besides an elaborate description of the church, an 

 account of its privileges and lives of its abbe's, of its benefactors, and 

 of the celebrated uicn connected with it. So high a reputation did 

 this work gain for its author as a learned, painstaking and faithful 

 historian, that the merchants of Paris by their provost, M. Bignon, 

 applied to Dom Felibien to write a history of Paris. He entered 

 upon the tank with ardour, and published his 'Projct' in 1714, but 

 died before he could complete his undertaking, September 25, 1719. 

 It was finished by Dom Lobineau, and published in 5 vols. foL, Paris, 

 1755, under the title of 'L'Histoire de la Ville de Paris,' with an 

 dloge of Dom Michel Felibien prefixed. 



FELIX I., Pope, a native of Rome, succeeded Dionysius the 

 Calabrian as bishop of that city A.D. 271, aud suffered martyrdom iu 

 275. He was succeeded by Eutychianus, bishop of Luna. There is 

 extant an epistle of Felix to Maximus, bishop of Alexandria, against 

 Paul of .Sauiosata. 



FELIX IL, by some styled III., on account of an anti-pope who 

 assumed the title of Felix II. in the schism against Liberius (A.D. 

 355-66), was a native of Rome, and succeed Simplicius in the year 

 483. He had a dispute upon questions of ecclesiastical supremacy 

 with Acacius, bishop of Constantinople, who was supported by the 

 emperor and by most of the eastern clergy ; in consequence of which 

 a schism ensued between the Qreek and Latin churches, which con- 

 tinued after the death of Felix, which happened in 492. He was 

 succeeded by Gelasius I. 



FELIX 111., also called IV., a native of Benevcntum, succeeded 

 John I. A.D. 526, aud died in 630. He was succeeded by Boniface II, 



FELIX V. [AMAMSCS.] 



FELLOWS, SIR CHARLES, was born in 1799, at Nottingham, 

 where his father, John Fellows, Esq., held a property which the 

 family had possessed during four previous generations. In the early 



part of the year 1833 Mr. Charles Fellows made a tour in that part of 

 Asia Minor which lies between 42 and 36 N. lat., 26 and 32 E. 

 loug. He started from Smyrna on the 22nd of February. Parts of 

 bis route, which lay through the interior and southern districts of 

 Asia Minor, had not, as far as is known, been previously traversed 

 by any European, and led him to the remains of several ancient 

 cities. All these cities had their origin prior to the conquest of the 

 country by the Romans in the third century B.C., and some of them 

 were of very remote antiquity. Having passed through Lydia and 

 Mysia, and crossed the Sea of Marmora to Constantinople, he pro- 

 ceeded thence through Bithynia, Phrygia, Pisidia, and Famphylia. 

 When he was approaching Lycia it occurred to him that Colonel 

 Leake and others had remarked that the valley of the river Xanthus 

 had not been visited, and that it would probably be found to contain 

 remains of ancient cities. Mr. Fellows therefore resolved to explore 

 it, and commenced his researches at Patara, at the mouth of the 

 Xanthus. Only nine miles up the river he discovered on a bold 

 rocky elevation the extensive ruins of the city of Xanthus, the 

 former capital of Lycia. Some fourteen or fifteen miles higher up 

 the river he discovered in a most beautiful site the ruins of another 

 large city, which he found by inscriptions to be the aucieut city of 

 Tlos. Among the ruins of Xanthus were some exceedingly interesting 

 remains of architecture, with many beautiful sculptures. Having 

 made drawings of the architectural remains and sculpture?, and 

 copied the most legible of the inscriptions, he continued his journey 

 through Caria and Lydia to Smyrna, where he arrived on the 12th 

 of May. 



Mr. Fellows, after his return to England, published 'A Journal 

 written during an Excursion in Asia Minor, by Charles Fellows, 1838," 

 8vo, London, 1839. This work excited a very strong interest, and 

 Mr. Hawkins of the British Museum, authorised by the trustees, 

 requested Lord Palmerston to ask the Sultan for a tirman granting 

 leave to bring away some of the works of art which Mr. Fellows had 

 discovered. Lord Palmerston accordingly wrote to the British 

 minister at Constantinople, directing him to make application for tho 

 necessary firman, or letter of authorisation. 



Not anticipating any difficulty in obtaining the firman, Mr. Fellows 

 offered his services to the British Museum in pointing out such of the 

 works of art as it would be most desirable to bring to England. His 

 offer was accepted by the authorities of the British Museum, and in 

 the autumn of 1839 ho again left England for Lycia, more fully pre- 

 pared than before for an examination of its geography and remains of 

 antiquity. He also took with him Mr. George Scbarf, then a 

 young artist, to assist him in tuakiug the drawings. He proceeded 

 to Smyrna, and thence to Lycia, through which he made another 

 excursion, and discovered thirteen other cities, each containing works 

 of art. At length, on the 7th of March 1840, he received a letter from 

 Lord Pousonby, informing him that the Porte objected to the extent 

 and generality of the required firman. 



Having returned to England, Mr. Fellows laid his second journal 

 before the public, 'An Account of Discoveries in Lycia, being a 

 Journal kept during a Second Excursion in Asia Minor,' 8vo, London, 

 1841. The public read the work with increased interest aud admira- 

 tion, and the government with increased zeal requested Lord Ponsonby 

 to use his influence with the Porte to obtain the firman. At lengt'u, 

 in October 1841, the trustees of the British Museum were informed 

 that the firman was obtained. 



On the 12th of October 1841, Mr. Fellows wrote to the trustees of 

 the British Museum, offering his services to accompany the expedition, 

 and to point out the objects for removal, requiring no remuneration, 

 and offering to pay his own expenses, except a free passage to Lycia 

 and back again, and rations with the officers during the voyages. His 

 offer was again accepted, and on the 1 6th of October he was on board 

 the 1'agus steam-boat off Southampton, ready to sail. He arrived at 

 Smyrna on the 15th of November. Here he received the supposed 

 firman, which proved to be nothing more than a letter requiring infor- 

 mation as to the precise object of the explorers. Finding that there 

 had been some mistake in making the application to the Porte, Mr. 

 Fellows went himself to Constantinople, explained the matter to the 

 prime minister of the Sultan, and obtained without difficulty tho 

 required firman. After purchasing spades, pick-axes, &c., he joined 

 the expedition at Rhodes on the 18th of December. Here another 

 difficulty ocoured. The district of the Pasha extended only to one 

 side of the river Xanthus, and the ruins were on the other side, iu the 

 district of the Pasha of Adalia. The Pasha very kindly however took 

 on himself the responsibility of authorising them to proceed with 

 their work. The Xanthus iu the winter season is much wider than 

 the Thames at Richmond, contains a very great volume of water, and 

 is an exceedingly powerful and wild river. They were consequently 

 four days partly rowing and partly dragging with ropes the two boats 

 which contained their stores, though the distance is only nine miles, 

 which they descended in a boat in three quarters of an hour. They 

 pitched their tents in the plain immediately below the ruins of the 

 ancient city on the 30th of December. After they had been some 

 weeks at work among the ruins, their proceedings were confirmed by 

 a message from the Pasha of Adalia, saying that the Queen of England 

 was good, the Sultan was good, that they were all brothers, and were 

 at liberty to take what they liked. Having, as far as their means 



