FELLTHAM, OWr.S". 



FENELON, FRANCOI8-DE-SALIGNAC. 



allowed them, accomplished their unJerUking, tliey re-emUrked, and 

 arrived at Kho.li* with their package* ou the 5th of March 1842. 



Another expedition wu afterward* sent out by tlio truiteea of the 

 Rritiih Museum, aUo under the superintendence of Mr. Fellows, ami 

 the collected treasures, consisting of twenty cases of marblw and 

 cast*, were safely shipped on board her Majesty's ship Medea on the 

 16th of March 1844, leaving M.-V.U cases of the moat unwieldy masses 

 to be afterward* taken on board a larger vessel. 



The** interesting remain* of ancient art are now deposited in one 

 of the rooms of the IlritUh Museum, which is called the Lyci.ui Saloon, 

 and they are described in the 'Synopsi* of the Contents of the British 

 Museum.' 



Mr. Fellow* in 1845 received the honour of knighthood for his dig- 

 corerie* in Lycia, and his aervice* in the removal of the Xauthian 



y. . . . i. . . feu baa nfadtt IjdMghtaraf i-Y.ma- 



Hart, Esq., of Nottingham. She died in 1847, and in 184S he married 

 the relict of the late William Knight, Esq., of Oatlond*, Hertfordshire. 



In tr.inrlftting and elucidating the inscriptions contained in the first 

 of hi* Journal*, Sir Charles Fellow* was as-iteJ by Mr. James Yates : 

 in those of the second by the late Mr. Daniel Sharpe, president of the 

 Geological Society. Seviral of the inscriptions ore in the Lycian 

 language, which was different from the Greek. 



In 1S43 Sir Charles Fellows, in consequence of some mis-statements 

 which had been made, published a pamphlet, entitled ' The Xanthiau 

 Marbles : their Acquisition and Transmission to England,' Svo. He 

 has since published ' An Account of the Ionic Trophy Monument 

 excavated atXanthus,' Svo, 1848, and 'Coins of Ancient Lycia before 

 the reign of Alexander; with an Essay ou the Relative Dates of the 

 Lycian Monuments in the BritUh Museum,' Svo, 1855. He has also 

 puMi-hed his two Journals in one volume, in a cheaper furm, under 

 the title of ' Travels aud Researches in Asia Minor, particularly in the 

 Province of Lycia,' 12mo, 1 1 



1T.I.LTHAM, OWEN, lived in the time of James L ; but the par- 

 ticulars of his life are almost entirely unknown. From hU statement 

 that a part of his ' Resolves ' was written when lie was only eighteen, 

 he must have b en born before 1G10: he is b lieved to hare been 

 living in 1677, when the tenth edition of his work was published. 

 He appear* to have resided during the greater part of bis life in the 

 bouse of the Earl of Tbomond, as is supposed in the capacity of secre- 

 tary. To the lover of English literary antiquities he U known as the 

 author of a curious book called ' Resolves,' consisting of pious and 

 moral treatise* collected into centuries ; of which the first edition was 

 published in 1 028. It somewhat resembles Lord Bacon's Essays, aud 

 exhibits a surprising exuberance of wit and fancy. Metaphor follows 

 metaphor; and they are not merely introduced as an idle aud 

 unmeaning sport, but are the exponents of thoughts in themselves 

 often acute and profound. All liberal minds must admire tho spirit 

 in which the book is written. Fellthaui displays himself as a man 

 delighting in reflection, and at the same timo as a man of the world ; 

 u one of sincere and fervent piety, but at tho same time us one of 

 a cheerful and lively trtnper, loving the good things of this life, aud 

 always preserving a clear understanding. His style is however often 

 affected, aud he not unseldoui indulges in a paradoxical strain. A 

 cries of poetic piece* entitled 'Lusoria, ' and a 'Brief Character of 

 the Low Countries,' with ' Nineteen Letters on Various Subjects,' are 

 usually bound up with the early editions of the ' R> solves.' 



H.LTON. [UucKiNciiiAU, DUKE OF.] 



FKLTKE, HENRl-JACyUliS-UUILLAUME-CLARKE, DUC DE, 

 was a native of Laudrecics, and traced his descent from one of those 

 Irish families whom the fall of James IL compelled to establish them- 

 selves in France. lie was born October 17, 1VCJ ; entered the Mili- 

 tary School of Paris, as gentleman cadet, on September 17, 1781, and 

 left it November 11, 1782, as second lieutenant in the regiment of 

 Berwick. He became a cornet of hussar* in 1784, and a captain of 

 dragoon* in 1790. This rapid promotion was very unuiual at that 

 period ; and the young officer owed his good fortune to the protection 

 of the Due d'Orloous. He saw much service during the first campaigns 

 of the Revolution ; and his good conduct procured him tho rank of 

 lieutenant-colonel February 6, 1792, at the age of twenty-seven. For 

 hi* skill aud bravery in a combat near Landau, on the 1 7th of May 

 1793, he was rewarded with the command of a brigade, conferred on 

 the field of battle. 



On the 12th of October 1793, General Clarke was removed by the 

 oommiwiom n deputed by the Convention to purge the army of every 

 general officer belonging to tho noblesse; nor did he recover his rank 

 until after the fall of Robespierre. But he had been introduced to 

 Caruot, and that mgaciou* minister, appreciating his character and 

 and, gave him his protection, nnd placed him at the head of an office 

 of military topography. He became a general of division in 17 '.'.", 

 and the following year be wan sent by Caruot on a mission to Vienna, 

 with secret instructions to visit tho various seats of war in Germany 

 ami Italy, and to watch the rising ambition of Napoleon I. liut the 

 office of a spy was not suited to Ins character; and yielding to the 

 pell of that fascination, which few men could resist, he attached him- 

 elf to the fortune* of Napoleon L, and continued in hi* *ervice for 

 eighteen Tear*. 



After the battle of Man-ngo the Pint Consul commissioned General 

 Clarke to open the negotiations of Luneville, appointed him governor 



of that town, September 1800, and then made him minister of France 

 at Florence. In 1805 he accompanied Napoleon L to the campaign 

 in Germany, was present and took part in the capture of Ulin ; and 

 nft or tho full of Vienna WAS made governor of thut city, and of a vast 

 extent of territory recently subdued, Ou the 27th of October N .ip > 

 leou I. appointed him governor of Berlin, observing " I wish in ouo 

 year to place under your orders the capitals of two monarchies." 

 Although oue of the most upright men in the French army, General 

 Clarke was severe, and even cruel, and many complaints were preferred 

 against him during his government for his inexorable rigour. Hit if 

 he was sometimes strict, he was always just ; he protected the inhabit- 

 ants of the cities he held under hi* authority from the rapacity of 

 other generals, and compelled Vaudamuie to desist from plundering 

 tho palace of Potsdam, aud selling tho king's furniture for his owu 

 advantage. The skill aud resolution shown by him during his govern- 

 ments of Vienna and Berlin were fully appreciated by the emperor, and 

 in spite of the ill-will and clamour of certain generals and marxhals, 

 he was appointed to succeed llerthier, as Minister of War, in 1807. 

 In this high charge he displayed honesty, diligence, considerable 

 administrative skill, and a familiar acquaintance with every branch of 

 military science. Murmurs without end assailed him, aud complaints 

 without number reached his master. But Napoleon I. knew how to value 

 integrity in a minister, and not only created him Due de Feltre iu 

 1809, but retained him in his office until his own fall, iu 1814. 



The Due de Feltre accompanied Louis XVIII. to Ghent in 1815, 

 and after the second return of the Bourbons was reinstated iu lii- oM 

 office as Minister of Wnr. Again he evinced the same zeal, and the 

 same fearless opposition to private interests. The clamour of dis- 

 appointed men, ambitious of places without the duo qualifications to 

 fill them, was renewed. But Louis XVIII., not so unyielding a- his 

 minister, gave way to these misrepresentations, and teut the duke into 

 honourable exile at Rouen, with the command of the loth Division. 

 He died oil the 28th of October 1818, at the age of fifty-three. His 

 disregard of all personal interests hod been so great, that instead of 

 leaviug a priucely foitune .to his family, like most of Napoleon's 

 ministers and generals, he left them iu comparative indigence; tho 

 duchess being compelled to sell immediately after his death the small 

 estate he had possessed at Puteaux, near the bridge of Neuilly. 

 (Rabbe ; Thiers, French Revolution ; Biographic Univendle.) 

 FENKLON, FRANCOIS-DE-SALIGNAC-DE-LAMOTHE, was 

 born at the Chateau de Fcuelon, iu Perigord, iu the year 1651. So 

 rapid was his progress that he preached a sermon at the early age of 

 fifteen before a select assembly at Paris, whither he had been called 

 by his uncle, the Marquis de Feuelon, who afterwards fearing lest the 

 praises of tho world should create pride aud vanity, caused him tu 

 cuter the cemiuary of St. Sulpice, and there for several years imitate 

 ' the silence of Jesus.' Here he took orders. His first work was a 

 treatise, 'Do 1' Education des Filles,' which is well known, aud has 

 been translated into our language. The intimacy which he formed 

 with Bussuet, and Boasuet's example, led him to write a treatise 

 against heretics, entitled ' Du Miuistere des Pasteurs,' in which 

 heretics are attacked, though with more moderation than they hod 

 been by Bossuet. Feuelon being intrusted by Louis XIV. with a 

 mission to Poitou, to convert the Protestants, refused the aid of 

 dragoons, and employed persuasion alone as an instrument of con- 

 version. His conduct on this occasion gained him many friends. In 

 1689 he was appointed tutor to the young Duke of Burgundy, which 

 brought him into attendance on the court. Though the polish and 

 grace which pervade his writings extended to his conversation, ho 

 never seems to have been a great favourite of Louis; his political 

 opinions always tended to liberality, aud iu a letter to Mad. de 

 Maiutonou he animadverted rather freely ou the character of the king. 

 Notwithstanding this, after he had bceu tutor for five year*, Louis 

 made him archbishop of Cambray. Unfortunately, at the very 

 moment when he had gained this elevated post, that series of events 

 commenced which caused bis future disgrace. He formed an acquaint- 

 ance with the celebrated quiotist, Madame Guyon, who was at tirst in 

 high favour with Mad. de Maintenon, and who was encouraged by her 

 to spread her doctrines at St Cyr. This lady was afterwords perse- 

 cuted by Bossuot; and as Fenelon was suspected of favouring her 

 doctrines, Bossuet required him to condemn them. Not only did 

 Fenelon refuse, but he published a book called ' Explication dos 

 Maxime* de* Saints,' in which the principles of quietism were openly 

 avowed. Upon this, Bossuet denounced him to the king as a heretic. 

 To increase his troubles, his palace caught fire about the same time, 

 and all his manuscripts and book* were destroyed. The persecution 

 of Bossuet continued ; and the protection of Mad. de Muiutenon, who 

 had at first encouraged Fenelon, was withdrawn. Bosauet required 

 that the difference should be settled by a controversy : Fenelon wouM 

 not secede to these terms, but offered to submit his book to the 

 tribunal at Rome. His persecutor however succeeded so far as to 

 cause him to be banished from the court, and endeavoured, though 

 unsuccessfully, to involve Beauvillier*, governor to the Duke of 

 Burgundy, in his disgrace. Pope Innocent VHL, though strongly 

 urged by Louis, was nut willing at once to condemn a prelate so nut' <1 

 for learning and piety, and a violent paper war was waged by both 

 parties. At lost the papal letter arrived, and the archbishop of 

 Cambray was forced to submit; ho signed a renunciation, and would 



