FERNANDEZ DE NAVARRETE. 



FESCH, CARDINAL JOSEl'If. 



Titian. There are many of hit paintings in the Louvre. He died at 

 Segovia in 1679. 



FERNANDEZ DE NAVARRETE. [NAVABRW.] 



FERRA'RI, QAUDENZIO. a celebrated Lombard painter and 

 sculptor, of the Milanese school of Lionardo da Vinci He was born 

 in ValdugU in 1484, wa inttructed by Luini, aod, according to 

 Orlando, he waa a icholar of Perugino, but this is very doubtful. 

 He waa ItanVlleeque in style, and worked under Raflaelle at Rome, 

 lie ii euumeraU-d by hi countryman Louiaxzo among the seven 

 greatest painters of modem time*, which toon absurd eulogy. Ik- 

 was correct in darign, laborious and careful in his execution, and 

 brilliant in his colouring; but his works are quite void of tone, 

 though his figure* are well rounded, and he can have had no know- 

 ledge of or feeling for harmony of colour. His outline is also hard, 

 and the accessory parts, though laboured, are very indifferently 

 executed. Hii colouring is extremely gay, but he used the positive or 

 primary colours beyond all natural proportion. His principal works 

 are in Milan, and are exclusively illustrative of the origin or mysteries 

 of Christianity. He died in Milan iu 1550. He had numerous 

 pnpils and imitators, of whom the most celebrated are Battiata dclla 

 Cerva, and Bernardino Lanino. 



FKKRARI, L. [FEHRKI and FERRABL] 



FERKEI and FKRItARI, the names of two Italian mathematicians, 

 who were nearly c >n temporary with each other, and who are liable to 

 be confounded. Scipio Ferrei (Cossali calls him Ferro and Dal Ferro) 

 was a native of Bologna, and taught mathematics there from 1496 to 

 1526. He is laid to have been the first who possessed a method of 

 solving any case of cubic equations. This method he communicated 

 to bis pupil Antonio del Fiore, who proposed a question to Tartaglia 

 aa a challenge; and this, it is also said, was the- cause of the latter 

 turning his attention to the subject. 



Lcoovico FERRARI was also born at Bologna, and was the pupil of 

 Cardan. At the instigation of the latter, he turned his attention to 

 biquadratic equation*, and produced the method known by his name, 

 being the first which had been invented. The method is found in 

 the work of Cardan (from whom the account of Ferrari ia taken), and 

 in all works of algebra which treat on the solution of equations. 



FKKKEIRA, ANTONIO, the reformer of the national poetry of 

 Portugal, and surnamed the Portuguese Horace, was born at Lisbon, 

 1638. While studying law at Coiuibra, he devoted his time more 

 particularly to classical and Italian literature, but, unlike the then 

 prevalent custom, determined to write only in his native tongue. 

 He wrote at this time many sonnets and his drama of ' BrUto ' 

 (which is the name of the principal character), to which he gave sub- 

 sequently a much higher polish. He obtained a professorship at 

 Coimbra, but growing tired of a university life, he went to court, 

 where be obtained a dignified situation; and while entertaining 

 still higher expectations, he was carried off in the prime of life by 

 the plague in 1569. 



Although not a first-rate poet in imagination and originality, 

 Ferreira possessed taste, correctness, and deep thought He often 

 succeeded moreover in elevating the mind and warming the heart 

 His sonnets, without displaying any affected imitation of Petrarca's, 

 remind us of the Italian poet and hid Laura. His odes and his 

 bucolics have great merit in the expression, but the former want the 

 genuine lyric spirit, and the latter the simplicity of the idyl; 

 qualities perhaps irreconcileable with Ferreiras philosophical turn 

 of mind and didactic seriousness. Among his elegies, that on May 

 is a classic masterpiece. His epistles, written evidently when he waa 

 in his maturity, are the first productions of the kind in Portuguese 

 literature. Hi* tragrdy of ' lues de Castro/ written about the same 

 tiir.o that the Dominican Bermudez wrote the similar and superior one 

 in Spanish of ' Niae Lattimoaa,' abounds with beautiful passages, but 

 ia deficient in true pathos, and displays a forced imitation of the 

 Greek manner and style. As it was preceded only by Triasino's 

 ' SophonUua,' it han been considered as the second regular tragedy 

 produced after the revival of letters in Europe. The ' Poouias Lust- 

 tanos' of Ferreira appeared at Lisbon first in 1698, 4 to; and all his 

 works were printed under the title, 'Todas las Obrat de Ferreira,' 

 Lisbon, 1771, 2 vols. 8vo, which contains Fenvira's biography, a 

 valuable authority for the reader, in addition to that of Boutenvck 

 and SUmondi. 



KEKIIE'RAS. DOCTOR DON JUAN, a most minute and accurate 

 Spanish historian, was born at Labaneca, in the diocese of Astorga, 

 June 7, 1652. Having gone through a complete course of classical 

 and theological learning, Ferreras displayed his eloquence in the 

 pulpit, and obtained the patronage of the great by bis merit, and 

 the esteem of all by his gentleness and modesty. Various honour- 

 able distinctions and situations were bestowed on him, but he con- 

 stantly rvfuK.I all high dignities. Next to the Duke of Escalona, he 

 was it tl.e head of the litterati who founded the academy of the 

 Leogua E*panola in 1713, and he wa* a very useful ini-mbcr of that 

 body, especially in the compilation of its dictionary, in 6 vola. folio, 

 jMil.li.hnl in 1726-1739, to which he contributed the articles in the 

 letter U, beside* a preliminary discourse on the Castilian tongue. At 

 his death, in addition to his other appointments, ho held that of 

 librarian to Philip V. He died April 14, 1736. Ferreras, though not 

 eo elegant a writer a* Mariana, is much more to be depended upon. 



He wrote in all thirty-eight works, some of which remain uupubli-lio 1 ; 

 the most important is the 'Synopsis Hintorica y Chronologies de 

 Espana,' Madrid, 1700-27, 16 vols., 4 to. It extends to the close of 

 Philip IL's reign in 1588. Hermiili translated it into French, with 

 valuable notes, in 10 vols., 4 to, Paris, 1742. 



FERRKY, BENJAMIN, architect, was born at Chri-tchurcli, 

 Hants, April 1, 1810, and received bis education at the Grammar- 

 school at Wimborne, Dorset He had whilst very young; imbibed a 

 taate for drawing, which was fostered by his admiration of the beau- 

 tiful Priory Church at Chriatchurch and the Minster at Wimborne, of 

 both of which nt that early period he made many drawings. In 

 he was articled to Augustus Pugiu, author of the ' Specimens of 

 Qothic Architecture,' and other well-known works. Amongst these 

 was the ' Gothic Ornaments,' most of the lithographs in which were 

 drawn by Mr. Ferrey and Mr. Talbot Bury, aud deserve to be 

 mentioned as executed in a superior style at a time when lithography 

 was not so well understood aa at present Pugin's pupils were occa- 

 sionally employed in the office of Nash. Mr. Ferrey and others were 

 also engaged with Pugin during continental tours in drawing, aud 

 measuring the most remarkable buildings. Subsequently Mr. Ferrey 

 waa for two years with Wilkins, the architect 



Mr. Kerrey's principal title to a place in these pages will be con- 

 sidered as arising from his connection with the movement made 

 towards the revival of Gothic architecture, a style in regard to 

 which his early pursuits gave him many advantages. He has of late 

 years had a large practice, chiefly in church architecture. Amongst 

 his chief works might be mentioned St Stephen's church, West- 

 minster, and adjacent buildings, erected for Miss Burdett Coutts; 

 churches at Eton, Esher, Morpeth, and Taunton ; the restoration of 

 the Lady Chapel of Wells Cathedral ; additions to the Episcopal 

 Palace, Wells, and to that at Cuddesden, Oxfordshire, and many 

 others. Ho is architect for the Diocese of Bath and Wells, and has 

 held the office of Vice-President of the Institute of British Architects. 

 In 1834 he published a work with plates ' On the Antiquities of the 

 Priory of Christ Church.' 



FERRI, CIKO, a celebrated Roman fresco painter, born in 1634. 

 He was the most distinguished scholar of Pietro da Cortona, aud 

 greatly assisted that pointer in his extensive works in fresco, both in 

 Rome and in the Palazzo Pitti at Florence. After the death of l'i< tio, 

 Fcrri waa the first fresco painter in Rome, and the leader of thu 

 so-called macltinittt, a great faction, opposed to the school of Sacchi, 

 at the head of which was Carlo Maratta. Karri's works are of the 

 same character as Pietro da Cortona's; many of them have been 

 engraved. He died at liome in 1689. 



(Buldtnucci, Notizie dei Proftuori del D'aegno, Jec. ; Lonzi, Storia 

 PUtorica, itc.) 



FERRIER, MISS, was born at Edinburgh, about 1782, the daughter 

 of a writer to the signet, and who waa one of Sir W. Scott's colleagues 

 as clerk of the court of session. This association almost necessarily 

 produced an intimacy with the Scott family, and she had early access to 

 the company of the best literary society of her native city. She was 

 the author of ' Marriage,' published in ISIS; 'The Inheritance,' iu 

 1824; and 'Destiny, or the Chiefs Daughter,' wliich appeared in 

 1831. They were all published anonymously, and thence Sir Waller 

 Scott spoke of his "sister shadow," at the end of his 'Legend of 

 Montrose,' as one peculiarly fitted to excel in the depicting of Scottish 

 character, as proved by " the very lively work entitled ' Marriage.' " 

 In the latter part of his life, when Miss Ferricr was ono of his most 

 trusted friends, her name occurs in his diary. Her novels aro 

 not entirely national ; the characters are vigorously drawn, and 

 thoroughly individualised; the plots tolerably well imagined and 

 ingeniously developed ; and the dialogues are spirited aud life-like, 

 sometimes humorous, and occasionally witty. The use of the Scottish 

 dialect, as it is occasionally introduced with good effect, is the dialect 

 actually spoken, and not the imitation which was occasionally heard 

 upon the stage. All her novels were successful, aud havo become 

 standards ; but she seems to have written becauso she had accumu- 

 lat ;d observations and materials, and not from the love of either fame 

 or profit Sir Walter Scott, indeed, says of her, that in conversation 

 " she was the least exiycantc of any author, female at least, whom I have 

 ever seen." He adds : " she was simple, full of humour, and exceed- 

 ingly ready at repartee ; and all this without the least affectation of 

 the blue-stocking." This appears to be a good representation of her 

 whole character : acute and observant, she was too kind to wish to 

 give pain, and too placid and contented to seek for applause. Though 

 her satire is sometimes sufficiently coarre and caustic upon the 

 grosser errors of human conduct, the sketches are relieved by scenes 

 of humour, which, if sometimes exaggerated, like those of Mis* 

 Burney, are certainly laughable. 



Miss Ferricr passed a peaceful and quiet lifo in her native town, 

 associated with all the more distinguished of her contemporaries, and 

 respecte'l for hr kindness and urbanity by every one who knew her. 

 She Hied, aged seventy-two, in November 1854. 



FESCH, CAKIUXAL JOSEPH, was born at Ajaccio, in C 

 on the 3rd of January 17(1-!; he was the son of a respectable citizen 

 at I :.'.:, and half-brother of Letitia Itamoliui, the mother of Nnpi.1 

 In 177<>, his father sent him to the seminary of Aix, a collage for pre- 

 paring youths for the priesthood, where he was educated with much 



