FUNK, OOVEBT. 



FLOREZ, KNRIQUE. 



had the enact of shortening hu valuable life. Flinders knew that 

 lUu.lin ma returning to France, and he saw with a prophetic eye that 

 the Frenchman would claim the merit of all hit discoveries on the 

 southern coast of Australia, He thought the gorernor De Caen too 

 illiterate to know or care much about the matter, otherwise he says 

 that he should hare been induced to stupect that he waa detained a 

 prisoner ID order that Baudin might hare th start of him in publish- 

 ing, and make the world before that it was to the French nation 

 alone they were indebted for the complete discovery and examination 

 of those parts. Some English writers did not hesitate to take this 

 Tiew of the case, and what followed hi Franco settled the question. 

 A volume and an atlas were published ; the whole of the southern 

 coast, including not only all the discoveries of Flinders and Bass, but 

 also those of Nuyts, Vancouver, Grant, and Dentrecasteaux, was laid 

 down as new land, and called ' Terra Napoleon.' Every point which 

 had been named by Flinders and his precursors was named afresh, and 

 there were all sorts of significant name* given, from Cape Maren^o 

 mod Cape Rivoli to Talleyrand Bay. Baudin had made about fifty 

 leagues of real discovery ; he churned or seemed to chum nearly nine 

 hundred leagues. 



After pining six years a prisoner in the Isle of Franc?, Flinders was 

 liberated, and he reached England at the end of the year 1*10. HU 

 chart* and plans were restored to him, but one of his log-books was 

 kept or destroyed. HU health waa completely broken, but as long 

 as there was work to do he kept up his energy, correcting his maps, 

 and writing out hU descriptions. After revising hU last sheet for 

 press be drooped; he died in the month of July 1814, on the very 

 day bis book was published. 



(A Voyage to Terra Auitralia, <tc., in the years 1301, 1S02, and 

 1803, tn H. M. Skip Inrettigator, and sutan/uriitly in the armed vend 

 Porpoue and Cumberland ickooner, 2 vola., with Atlas, London, 1814 ; 

 also Quarterly Itci-itv, voL xii.) 



FUNK, OOVERT, a very able Dutch painter, born at Cleves in 

 1616. HU parents were wealthy, and designed Oovort for a merchant, 

 an occupation to which he showed every disinclination; but his 

 parent* steadfastly opposed his own inclination to become a painter, 

 until they happened to hear a sermon by Lambert Jakobzon, a 

 Minorite of Leeuwarden, who waa himself a painter. They in con- 

 sequence changed their notions as to the eligibility of Qovert's choice, 

 and placed him with Jakobzen to learn to paint. He studied after- 

 ward* a year under Rembrandt at Amsterdam, and completely mas- 

 tered bU style of execution and colour, and adhered to it until after the 

 death of Rembrandt, when the Italian taste prevailed, and he had seen 

 the works of Rubens and Vandyck. Flint then took as much pains to 

 get out of Rembrandt's manner as he had before taken to acquire it, 

 He was however as successful in the one as in the other. He died in 

 1660, aged only forty -four. Ilia last picture is also his boat, 'Solomon 

 praying for Wisdom ;' it U in the Council Hall at Amsterdam. He has 

 also painted many other admirable historical pictures and portraits : 

 he has, indeed, had few superiors a* a portrait-painter. Flink formed 

 a good collection of prints and Italian drawings, which was sold after 

 his death for 12,000 florins. 



FLINT, TIMOTHY, an American clergyman and writer, whose 

 career U curiously illustrative of the shifting phases through which 

 professional men occasionally pass in the United States. Born in July 

 1780 at North Reading in Massachusetts, he became, after passing 

 through the theological course at Harvard University, in 1802 pastor 

 to a congregational church at Lunenburg, Massachusetts. Here he 

 remained for twelve years, but political differences with leading 

 members of bis church having rendered his position very uncomfort- 

 able, ha in 1814 resigned his charge. In the following year he proffered 

 hi* service* to a missionary society, and in September 1816 he set out 

 with his family in a two-horse waggon for the then almost unoccupied 

 western valley* of the Mississippi and Ohio. Having spent the first 

 winter in Cincinnati, he pushed forward, and during seven or eight 

 successive summers preached his way through Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky, 

 MUsouri, and Arkansas. HU health failing, he resigned his mission, 

 and during the next two or three years tried farming and school-teaching 

 at New Orleans, on the borders of Lake Portchartraine, and at Alex- 

 andria on lied River, without much success in either vocation. At 

 length, finding that in the west he had utterly broken down in health 

 and pocket, he turned homeward, and reached Massachusetts in safety, 

 though as he fancied only to die in hU native plaoe. HU health 

 improved however, but he now found himself at the age of five-ami- 

 forty with life to begin anew, and hu proper calling cloMil to him by 

 his confirmed ill-health. Ho set to work with the undaunted energy 

 so characteristic of his country men. He had made ample notes of tha 

 countries he pasted through in his missionary travels, and he now 

 compound from them ' Recollections of Ten Years' Residence and 

 Travel* in the Valley of the MiwUuppi,' which he published at Boston 

 in 1S26. The truth and picturesque force of the description* secured 

 for hu book a favourable reception in Europe a* well a* in America : 

 it w* reprinted in London, and translated into French. Mr. Flint 

 at one* determined to make literature his profession, and somewhat 

 oddly, considering his ' antecedent*,' hU first venture, after forming 

 this resolution, wa* a* a novelist in 'Francis Berrian, or the Mexican 

 Patriot,' an autobiography. But the news of the European success of 

 hu Mississippi ' Recollections' incited him to write a second part to 



that work, or rather a more formal work on the same country, then 

 an almost undescribed one. It was published at Cincinnati in 1S27 

 under the title of ' The Geography of the Mississippi Valley,' and with 

 the ' Recollections ' formed by far the most valuable account which 

 had up to that time been published of the geography of the western 

 states, and the two works still remain perhaps the bust description of 

 the scenery and physical features of the great valley of the Mississippi. 



During the next three years Mr. Flint published three more novels, 

 'Arthur Clenning,' a sort of 'Robinson Crusoe' story the adventures 

 of the hero occurring however in Australia and Illinois ; ' George 

 Mason, or the Backwoodsman ; ' and the ' Shoshonee Valley,' in which 

 an adventurous BaptUt missionary, well skilled in 'trapping,' plays an 

 important part, and in which there can be little doubt the author's 

 own experience furnUhed much of the mat 'rials. HU novels hardly 

 meeting with the success he desired, Mr. Flint now recurred to his 

 early scientific pursuit*. While a clergyman at Luncubur^, he had 

 been a diligent student in natural history and chemistry ; indeed his 

 fondness for the latter had involved him in some trouble. For when 

 he and hU flock began to disagree, some of the more ignorant or 

 unscrupulous of the malcontents set afloat a report that his occuji i- 

 tiou in tho ' laboratory ' w.ig that of making counterfeit coin ; and 

 such was the effect of the report, that Mr. Fliut deemed it necessary 

 to prosecute one or more of the parties for slander. Returning to his 

 scientific studios, ha now lectured ou natural history, geology, chemistry, 

 the steam-engine, the application of science to the arts, ic. ; and in 

 1S32 published his lectures at Host >u. 



He next turned his attention to periodical literature ; in the first 

 instance acting, during 1833, as editor of the ' Knickerbocker Maga- 

 zine.' On that parsing into other hands he removed to Cincinnati, 

 where, for three or four years, he edited the ' Western Monthly Maga- 

 zine ; ' at the same time writing numerous tales and essays for several 

 other periodicals ; a ' Life of Daniel Boone, the Backwoodsman ; ' a 

 ' History of the Indian Wars of the West; ' translations, *c. 



At length entirely worn-out, ha returned once more to his native 

 town, and there, a few months after his wife, he die 1 August 16th, 

 1810. Timothy Flint takes no very high rank as a writer he wrote 

 too much and too fast to write well but there is much descriptive 

 power and some originality in his work*, and his story is one so 

 remarkable, as an example of energy, perseverance, aud honest self- 

 helpfulness, as to deserve a somewhat more ample relation than his 

 mere literary rank would claim. But when it is remembered that ha 

 commenced authorship at forty-five, and that all his books were written 

 during continuous ill-health, w shall be ready to recognise the ability 

 a? well aa to admire tho spirit of the author. 



FLORENTI'NUS, a Roman jurist, whose pramomeu U unknown. 

 His period also U uncertain, but he lived after the Emperor Antoninus 

 Pius, for he cites one of his Constitutions, aud names him Divus 

 (' Dig.' 41, tit 1, a. 16). He is not mentioned by any of the jurists who 

 are cited in the ' Digest,' a circumstance which seems to argue that he 

 belonged to a later age than any of them, or was at least as late as any 

 of them. He wrote eleven books of ' Institutiones,' from which th"i- 

 are a few excerpts in the ' Digest.' 



FLOREZ, ENRIQUE, a laborious contributor to the elucidation of 

 Spanish history, was born at Valladolid ou tin 14th of February 

 1701, entered the order of Augustin monks in his fifteenth year, and 

 after having published a course of theology, as professor of tho 

 science at Alcala, devoted himself to a series of historical labour', 

 which was only closed by his death at Madrid in 1773. His first 

 historical work was his ' Clave HUtorial,' a compendium of universal 

 history, published in 1743, which reached its tenth edition in 1780, 

 not much to the credit of the Spanish reading public, as its merit* 

 are small and it U strongly tinctured with bigotry aud prejudice. 

 Fortunately for hU reputation, Florez's other works are of a kind in 

 which he was better qualified to excel. The most celebrated U the 

 ' Espafta Sograda,' a work, which like tho ' Italia Sacra,' of Ughelli, 

 and the ' Uallia Christiana ' of Sainte Marthe, was. to exhibit the 

 history of each diocese of the country, with a notice of its successive 

 occupants. Had Florez confined himself to the execution of this plan 

 on a moderate scale, he might probably, as ho anticipate.!, have not 

 only completed the work, but followed it up with a similar compila- 

 tion relating to the Spanish dioceses in the east and west. J'ni ho 

 allowed himself to be so diffuse on collateral subject*, that at IIH 

 death, at the age of seventy, the work which had advauced to its 

 twenty-seventh volume, was far from complete. It was continn 1 

 by two other Augustin monks, Risco and La Canal, aud the hut 

 volume which has appeared U the forty-seventh, issued in 1850, 

 under the editorship of Saiuz do Baranda, at tho expense of the 

 Spanish government, which had been memorialised by the Academy 

 of Uisburg in 1835, at the time of the dissolution of the religious 

 houses, to take the 'Espana Sangrada' under its patronage, as "a 

 work clauical of ite kind, and enjoying a European reputation." Its 

 chief value in the eyes of foreigners consist* iu its numerous appri: 

 in which ancient chronicles are often printed at length, which are not 

 to be found elsewhere. Florez was also the author of ' Memorias de 

 las Reynas Catolicas,' or ' Lives of the Queens of Spain ' (2 vols., 4 to, 

 1770), containing plata* of the costumes of the queens, which, singu- 

 larly enough are omitted in a work on the same subject by a lady, 

 the 'Annals of the Queens of Spain,' by Anita George (New York 



