JOHX. 



MACARTXKY, KAUL OF. 



I to two more volume*, poUkh-d in 1790 (this it the bee* 

 of hk kliliiltil work.) ; 6. Kntntkn* d Pbodoo ur U Rapport <U 

 k Morale .** U Petition*/ Many of UM author, vkwa, *.pci.lly 

 ! UM ba* ark. ar* *UoT; ooh at a community of feed* ) be 

 ^ t< ti| .1 . bonUh cooiine-e* ana h fin* art. from republic. Mably 

 wa*. ir.*ada^iw of tbe iwtUutioo. of Sparta. He died at Park 



U ITU. 



M ABUSE, or MAt'BKUGE, JOHX. This eminent pa-nter, who** 

 .|| nu. wat Jobs OniiiiH. w*. bora it MauUnco in lUinmuIi, 

 U liNL Nothing it known of hi* parent*, or of th. Bam* of the 

 Mtar ndr whom b* ttodkd. It i. .vid.t.1 however that in early 

 h* B.u*t ba*o yMridoo<Ml7aTotodhiinMlf to the .tody of 



aatore. aad have paired habit, of mduotry. Oo-aidorinf that h. 

 was in afltrlifo of a moot roatkat ardent temperament, Indulging In 

 dttsolate aad Ikowtioo* babira, and oapaeklly addicted to immoderate 

 diiokiaf, we e**aot bat admire the pationo., fidelity, and kbour which 

 i|i.t*llii bk worka. Most writer, have affirmed that be went early 

 to luly. but even thk k not clearly ascertained ; whatever advantage. 

 k* may ba** derived from the .tudy of th* great matters and of tbe 

 tsMsQO.. be aevor ataataed tbe eleganBe of the Roman school 



ArW Ik return from Italy be Hod for tome time at Utrecht, in 

 the aartie* of tbe bkbop, Philip of Burgundy. From Utrecht he went 

 to Mtddelbarg, where bo painted tbe oekbratod altarpieco, representing 

 tbe -Deaf at from tbe Crose.' for th. great church. This pictur-, 

 wbkk wa* of extraordinary dimensions, was highly admired by Albert 

 Dwvr. The ohnreh, with thk pictnr. and all tbe treasure, of art that 

 it iiatibil wa* < otoyia by ligbtomf. Maboat aterns to have lived 

 b) a vary extravagant ssanarr at Middelburg. and waa at last thrown 

 atoprkoa; bat wbetber for debt, or for aom* exceasr. U not known. 

 It m. to bavo beta after the recovery of hk liberty th.t he came to 

 ItwaOB. when b* wa* employed in tbe tervice of Henry VIII. He 

 aal.1i I tb* king's obOdron, and many portraits of the nobility, which 

 spaa**) fcim gr*.t reputation. Several of hk picture* painted in En land 

 ar* atfll la *xi.teac* aad other, were destroyed in tbe fire st Whitehall 

 Place. Owe of bk Inert work* k at Castle Howard, th* scat of th* 

 Karl of Carlisle, and k in aa excellent state of preservation. It repre- 

 sents tb* Wk* Men. Oflerinc. and k a rich cooposition, in which 

 tber* ar* thirty principal figure*. Moat of tbe great gallerie* on th* 

 Coatiaeat h*v* sprcimeii. of hk worka. Among the*, ar* three in the 

 atiikratti Bobstrot colUotion purchased by King Ludwig of Bavaria. 

 Ts-|*t<,jmftr^^v^kd.pU>dide<Knpoitionrepr~ 

 tbe Crudaxioo. the arohangef Michael overcoming Satan, and a 

 h%t]y-aai*b>d kittor* rtproaenting the Virgin M.ry as Queen of 

 Beavoa, Thk b conjectured to b* tb* pictur* which waa most highly 

 axtoiled during bk lifetime, and which b* painted while in th* aerviee 

 of Ik* Marquk of Verms, a wealthy Flemish nobleman, and in which 

 k* took tb* m*r*bkoot and bar ton at models for tb* Virgin and 

 Ckfld. Tbk aobUman having to entertain tb* Emperor Charles V.. 

 pwt all tU firtna* in bk atrvioe into new and splendid Uveriea, aad 

 a*. Bag th* not ontorod *uiU of rich white brooad. for bk painter and 

 two otkor* of hk binmhU. Mabasa. under BOOM pretenc*. got 

 of tb* brocade, which b* told, and .pent the produce at a 

 Who* th* groat day cam*, and th* retainer, and servant* 

 It) procresloo before tb* emperor, tbe dm* of Mabus* 

 to be of Back taporior wbJtstm* and beauty, that tbe emperor 

 It, awl, to hk MUMkhmeat, dkoovored it to b* 

 paper : that tb* voret earn* out, and greatly amused the company. 

 Itk .aid u,at Mai*** dkd la IMS; but neither UM place nor manner 

 of hk death iektowD. 



la tb* taialosni. of hk ulrtajn beloogiaf to King Chariot I. k 

 TWohOdraa of Honry V1L : Prine* Arthur, Prino. Henry (afterwarda 

 Hoary Till), and Prlinti Man 

 Coort, where it b aUributed to 

 b> 14*1, end tb* pieture 

 ywan oid. h k plain that it could not h*v. been painted by Mabtls*. 



' i tb* dates usually tujpij H tboa* of hk birth and death ar* 



Thk picture b now at Hampton 

 ; but aa Henry VIII. waa bora 

 him a. a child of aereo or eight 



In 1750. 



. M bV ; 



Bo 



I Ittaally aMsgaod a* tboa* _ 

 wttorittilBUlii... which k quite Improbable. 

 M AtAl^ JOHNLOUUON, wa. bora ia 



M* of a *sw*rM^riw.Zfa. Aynblra, mf^te^ad iwHb*J 

 rally tbarn far *am* tio>* tb* tyatoa of road makUg, BOW known 

 by bb aaaw. Th* prinoiple. of thk .yttom k* developed in two 

 wwka. 'A Praolatal stttay oa tb* BaitatH. rUpair and Pr***rvatioo of 

 sSU-sUaoX' London, 1M9. aad Remark. otTth. Prwsent State of 

 aest.so.lbig.' Loadoa, HKL Tb* ttt**m r*oomasradl. so far a* it 

 * ww, wa. b. tb* oto of brokea graaite or otkor bard etoa*. in*tead 

 *f the ro<ttdad pebblsa. Tb* ttotM* ar* btokea into irregular akapad 



>*Mtii.t.tT^*aosodia < tixn.B tfc.wkkk, spread orr tbo road 



iaULa layer* of fro** thro* ta*ke* to six mcbet In depth, ar* wurked 

 teHaiu.l>di by th. tram, p.^is^ovw them. When onoe 



*^*t**li^***iin+lmmiiiS*mUm*+,mtfSi 



wrtr, k -rvnrted froti swttliag, aadta. OMkt mwd torap ' 

 Matia ana far a loag UOM, la HIT. whoa tb. metroZ 



kkavd wawr th* Bi.aagi*.ii.t of *otiai>,t..Baji. MV 

 iiiiai tbolr grMral Htnrejor, u>4 for hk asofMoa. in Bakiaf tbo 

 roaa* tboe^cUy .Meat. was rowarwad by . graat of 10.00* from 

 ^ryu.wS W iittk.J tko honour of kaigtilhood. which wt. 



th* mining dktrieU of CumberUml and Durban, were oooatrncted 

 lador hi. lo.pectioD. Mr. MacAdi N orem her 2Ath, 1830. 



MACARTNKY, OEOKOK MACAUTNEY, KARL OF, wai the 

 only .urri.ing too of Ooorge Macartney, E^j., ft gentleman of Si-ottkh 

 deccent, but whote family bad been for aome (trn*ratiou eetUed on 

 their estate of Lkaanoura, near BeUaat in Ireland, where the .uliject 

 of the preeent notion w.a born on the Nth of May 1737. At tbe age 

 of thirteen be wa* a Imitud a fellow-commoner of Trinity College, 

 Dublin; and in 17.V.'. after having obtained hk degree of M.A., he 

 came to London, where he entered himielf of the Inner Temple, but 

 without any intention of proeacuting the prof<-aiion of the law. H* 

 then made the tour of Europe, and on hk return home in 1764 it wa. 

 rrangod, through the intrreat of Lord Holland, that he ahould be 

 returned to the BritUh parliament for Midhunt ; but thk deetiuation 

 waa changed by hi* appointment, on the 22nd of Anitu.t of the same 

 year, aa envoy extraordinary to the Kmprett of Runia, for the pur- 

 poee of concluding a eomm.rcial treaty with that country. He was 

 knighted before proceeding on thk buainea*, which, after a long and 

 arduou. negooktion, h. at l*t brought to a a*tUf*otory concliuion. 

 He returned to England in June 1767, and soon after received the 

 appointment of ambanaador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to 

 KuMia, which however ciroumatance* induced him to rotign. 



In February 1768 be married Lady Jan. Stuart, second daughter of 

 th* Earl of Bute; and in April he wa. returned to parlionient for 

 Cockermouth, but resigned it in the July following, he having been 

 elected for Armagh in tbe Irish parliament, in contemplation of bk 

 appointment to the office of chief Moretary for Ireland, which took 

 place on the 1st of January 1769. Macartney, who wat now .worn of 

 the Irish privy council, greatly distinguished himielf by his exertions 

 in the debate, of the Houa* of Common, against Flood, Dr. Lucaa, 

 and the other leader* of the oppnaition. He held Li office till June 

 1772, when he wa. ma le a Knight of the Bath, and in 1771 wat 

 appointed to the aineeure of governor of Toome Caatle, which pro- 

 duced an income of above lOOOi. a year. In October 1774 he wa* 

 returned to the Britkh parlUment a* member for tbe Ayr burghs; 

 but in December 1775 he wa* a*nt abroad a* governor of the uland of 

 Onuuda. He was raked to the Irish peerage by thu title of Baron 

 Macartney, on the 10th of June 1776. He remained in Qranada till 

 July 1779, when after a moat gallant defence he wa* compelled to 

 .urrender the uland at discretion to the French admiral Count 

 d'EoUing, and wa* himself *nt prisoner to France. He waa however 

 very soon exchanged, and after having been employed by Lord North 

 in a confidential miaeion to Ireland, was in September 1780 again 

 returned to the British parliament for BecraUtone. 



On the 14th of December of the same year he waa appointed by 

 tbe Ea*t Indk Company governor of Madras. Having returned to 

 England in January 1786, he found that lx fore hk arrival h* had been 

 appointed governor-general; but the state of his health and other 

 considerations induced him to decline that post, and it waa eventually 

 given to Lord Cornwallia. Very toon after hi* return home Macartney 

 waa severely wounded in a duel with Major-Qeneral Stuart, an officer 

 whom he had when in India found it expedient to remove from the 

 service. In 1788 he took hk seat for the first time in the Irish House 

 of Peon, and be resided chiefly in hk native country till 1792, when 

 b* wat appointed to his moat memorable public employment ft* 

 ambassador extraordinary to Pekin. Having on the 28th of June 

 been made an Irish viscount, be sailed on the 26th of September, 

 taking with him aa his secretary hk old friend Sir George Staunton, 

 by whom the account of the embaasy wa. afterwards given to the 

 public. Tbe amount of the benefit gained by tbk first diplomatic 

 communication on tbe part of England with the court of Pekin has 

 bton matter of dispute ; but it k generally agreed that no other 

 person could have accomplished more than was done by Lord Macart- 

 ney, whose conduct at least wat well calculated to iniprrts the subject. 

 of the oolittlil empire with a respect for the country which he repre 

 tented. He left China on tbe 17th of March 17U4, and landed at 

 Portsmouth on the 6th of September of the same year, having on the 

 1st of March previous been made Earl Macartney iu tbe Irish peerage. 



In June 17'.'5 he waa tent on a confident*! minion to Italy, from 

 which he returned in May 1796 ; and having on the 8th of Juue been 

 made a Britkh peer by the title of Baron Macartney, h* wa* in the end 

 of the aame jear appointed governor of the newly-captured territory 

 of tbe Cape of Oood Hope. Her* b* remained till November 1798, 

 when bk impaired health compelled him to return to England. Th* 

 tamo cause induced him to refute tbe office of president of the Board 

 of Control, with a teat in the cabinet, which was offered him on the 

 formation of th* Addington ministry in 1801 ; and he lived in retire- 

 ment, suffering Mvoraly from gout, till hi. death, at Cbkwick, on th* 

 31 at of March 1806. The manucr iu which Lord Macartney <ii-chrged 

 hk duty in the various public nervioet in which be was employed pro- 

 cored him from all parties th* reputation of very considerable ability 

 and the highest honour. An account of bk public life, with a selection 

 from hk unpublished writing*, was published by Mr. (afterward. Sir) 

 Jobs) Barrow, In 2 Vula. 4 to. London, 1807. Hk writing* here printed, 

 which oo*vpy tb* wooud volume, consist of extract* from an ' Account 

 of the Ruoky Embatay,' 'A Sketch of the Political History of Ireland,' 

 and 'A Journal of bis Embaxy to China.' The mannsci iut of the 

 'Account of Bnttja* k in th* Ring's Library at th* Britkh Muium, 



