II 



aUOCULI.OCH. DR. JOHN*. 



IAUM1D, JOHN. 



II 



WM UWWM. and probably received an additional stimulus from th* 

 *JtnnM*nMW hal hfc father, who WM settled M a merchant in Bra- 



toM. wa* ureetod at UM Ulnning of th* Kroneb Revolution, and 

 . hi. family impr-uned during UM whole of UM Reign of Terror 

 " thing* which naturally put a stop to UM lucrative 

 ibirh be WM at that tint* *mbark*c!. During Dr. Mac- 

 CulMcfs noTMlmaJ vuiu to Penxanoa, whilb*r hi* father, on tb* 

 fall of n*b**liin retired, b* becam* *>mstp'*') with Sir Humphry 

 ' i WM indebted to Mm for some of hi* earliest instruction m 



About Kilt.* WM engajed by goTernm*nt to mako Tirlon* anrv.y* 

 iu ScolU-J. II* in OMMIMM* gave op hi* practice, which h> never 

 rafniariy ron>ed. although h. WM frequ.ntly consulted. Th first 

 fcminm oo which h WM **Dploy*d in 8ooOai.il. WM in a March for 

 fciM* siiap'od to UM two of UM government powder-mills. The 

 Mend WM an examination of the piincjipal mountains, with a view 

 to tb .iitiou of the iporioMoU whiih bad been mad* at Sob*- 

 hallw oo tli* density of tb* utb. Tb* third bad for ite object tb* 

 err*etion of tb* deviation* of UM plumb-lino on tb* meridian of tha 

 >urwv. WbiUt be WM making UiM* surrey, he aUo 

 f in geological ober> ation, and in c..llecting materials 





__ 



for a muMnlogioal map, M w*ll fur bia own amusement and iostruc- 

 lion u w Ui tb* bop* that they would b* uteful to the country. In 



UM b* WM desired by govertocnt to oompUt* tli* work which ba 

 bad brjwi ; and thi* WM tb* commencement of tbo hut groat public 

 work IB which b* WM employed tb* mineralogical and feological 

 survey of Scotland, which w< continued every tuinmer from 18*24 to 

 IMS. wb*a b* computed it The winter* of the** yean wer* spent 

 hi tbo leborioo* ta*k of putting in ordw th* observations uiade in 

 U* Mowrr, in drawing sectioos and preparing the map. ThU great 

 work, ptMwe and exact M it is, the labour of one individual, begun, 

 earned on, and completed by bimadf alone, extruding over a country 

 richer in it* Tariely of rock* than any country of equal extent in the 

 world, abounding in geological difficulties, ba* never been surpatsed, 

 or even equalled, by any undertaking of a aimilar naturw. In making 

 Uu* urvey I*. MacCulloch bad to contend with many hardships, for 

 great part of UM tim* WM apeot upon a boisterous sea or a miserably 

 foot cumforUea* land; and it WM bis lot to do all th* different 

 work* provided for in all other surveys by half-a doen men and M 

 many aalarie*. 



Boat* of th* fruit* of tb*** separate survey* wer* published. The 

 trst put beat ion was 'A Description of the Western Islands of Scot- 

 land. indudiog th* 1*1* of Man,' Ac., 2 Tola. 8vo, with 1 voL 4to of 

 plat*.. Loodon and Edinburgh, lt>19. Next, - A Geological Classifies- 

 two of Book*, with Deacriptiv. Synopses, coinpi i-iog tho Elements of 

 Practical Geology.' Loi.doii, 1X21. 1 vol. Svo. Thirdly, The High- 

 IMM* aad Western Iain of Scotland, in a series of Letters to Sir 

 Walter Scott,' Lou-ton. Ic2l, 4 Tola Svo. This work, in addition to a 

 Wt graphic description of UM country, contains many learned 

 disevrtaUoru ou tb* history, antiquities, language, music, and economy 

 f UM Highlands. fourthly, A System of Geology, with a Theory 

 of UM Kartn. and an Explanation of it* Connection with the Sacred 

 Records, Udon, 1HI. Tola Mo. In 1 s-.ll he publish-d a ' Treatise 

 n UM Art of making Win**,' which r*ach*d a fourth edition in Ih2 ; 

 nd in 1* h* published anonymously an account of Blair and Dun- 



* ', for*ieg gud book to thoM loca'JUea. H* contributed manv 

 i bulb to th* EnoreJopfjdta llriunnica ' and to Brand*'* Journal, 

 Mbj*ets ooDDeeted with HonUand gent rally, or its rooks 

 on different topic*. On* of these is a 



of twenty two apMeM of Madnsa found about Shetland 

 ...I Orkney HepublUbrd many article* in th* Tranaactions of th* 

 Oe*l*aia>J Seitsty,' and wrote lr*qoilly in th* < Edinburgh,' West- 

 ' and ' WuarUrly ' K vi**, and in tb* ' London ' and ' New 

 * 



to follow op th* practice of hit profession, Dr. 

 r wet alght of it, tb* proof* uf which bav* in two 

 hkh MiMMd in 18T and 1 8*8. The Br.t is eutiU*d 



Malaria, an EM* on UM Production and Propagation of this Poison. 

 nnd on UM Xatar. and 1-oc.htie* of tb* Plaos* by which it i* produced.' 

 A*. 1 ToL Svo. London. Tb* **cond i* 'An Kesay on th* Kemittent 

 * DinMia, including generally Manb Fe.er and 



I. to S Tola. 8*0. London. H* app^n to b* the first 

 large U*t of diMTdcn, bitberto dwnMd anomalous, and 

 * I* bav* nothing hi common with on* another, to tbtir 



Dr. MacCalkU * wrilina *onUto internal erldeoce that they mutt 

 havo rwnlted from deep thoogl.t, b*Md on an intimate knowledge of 

 UM s*M*c*a ho tre.le.1 of. The aoquisltio* of thi* koowUdg* WM 

 aiawd by *** *tdy. aiood by a wowUifully retentive memory. 

 Tb. varvty of hi* asi|h * wa* not IMS remarkable than their 

 rwt AllMion in* b*e alrsady mad* U hi* knowledge of OMdkin*, 

 Ugjr, mlnsTalngy, ***jjtry. and mtUmatio*. H* WM also well 



>y, lootogy, botaay, physics, and 

 li. WM Milfed in anfaitector*. II* drew well, 

 kMMtaauMDetM* number o( drawinga. U* WM a good musician, 

 hi* mu*>cal MoinoaiUani (bow that b* WM conversant with th* 

 as w.ll a. tb* pnetw* of th* lalnn. Hi* aorompUsbmrnte, 

 M th*7 ar* aalM, w*n oltfTated at limes which BUT 



without mploym*nk His drawings wer* don* while others wore 

 employed in walking or riding. Ilia flowers and herbs wrr* examined, 

 dried, and painted befor* breakfast in the long summer mornings. 

 When h* used to practise muiic, b* did so (luring the twilight hours. 

 In hort, no portion uf his time WM unoccupied. And the magnitu'lo 

 of his labours appear* still raor* remarkable from the f ict, that for 

 many years he was afflicted mot severely by the SeoU of malaria. 



He completed in 1830 a work entitle.! ' Proof* and Illustrations of 

 tb* Attributes of Oud, from the Fact* and Lawa of the I'tnaical 

 Universe; being th* Foundation of Natural and Kavealed Religion.' 

 It WM intended for publication in the following year, but itn appear- 

 ance WM delayed by the announcement of the l!ri<i. atise*. 

 In obedience to hi* last iil, it was published in ISliT in 3 vols. >vo. 

 Many paper* on various subjects however remain unpubliihvd. 



11* married, in the summer of 1835, Miss White, lie was with her 

 in Cornwall, on a visit to an old friend, when the accident occurred 

 winch led to his death on the 21st of Augunt 1S35. lie was thrown 

 out of a pony phaeton, by which, in addition to other iujuriei, hi< 

 right leg WM so shattered that amputation became necessary. Me only 

 survived the operation a few hours. He was buri d in the churchyar J 

 of (iiilval, a village near Penxanca, in which his family bad at one tiuie 

 m . .1. 



1 'r. MacCulloch was Fellow of the Royal, Linnaaan, and Geological 

 socii tie*, and at one time vioe-pn-sid-nt of the last. In 1S20 he WM 

 appointed phyaician-in-ordinary to Prince Leopold of Saxe-Coburg. 

 For some years, and till his d-atli, be filled the kituation 

 on chemistry and geology at the East India Company's lli.it try 

 Establishment at Addiicombe, 



MACCULLOCH, .loMX HAMSAY, WM bora about 1790 in the 

 district of Oalloway, Scotland. He became u contributor t 

 Scotsman ' E.linburgh novrspaper, soon after its commencement, and 

 wai afterwards tho tditor for about two years. He alo became a 

 regular contributor to tho ' Edinburgh Review.' He is the author of 

 several works on political economy, and various branches of public 

 administration, all of which art) distinguished by philosophical views, 

 clearness of statement sud argument, liberal principle*, aud prac- 

 tical good sanse. He h* also published some very ux-ful compila- 

 tions, especially a ' Dictionary of Commerce,' and a ' Dictionary of 

 Geography.' The intrinsic and permanent value of all these works in 

 beat proved by th* number of edition* which th* public demand 

 lias called forth. Mr. MacCullooh occupies the important post of 

 Comptroller of tha Stationery Office, and receives a pension of 200I. 

 a year for bis service* to literature. 



The following is a list of Mr. MacCulloch's work* : ' A Discourse 

 on the l>ise, Progress, Peculiar Objects, and Importance of Political 

 Economy, containing an Outline of a Cuur*e of Lecture* on tb* Prin- 

 ciples and Doctrine* of that Science,' Svo, 1825; ' The Principles of 

 Political Economy; with some Inquiries respecting their Application, 

 and a Sketch of the RU* and Progresa of the Science,' 8vo, Edinburgh, 

 1825; 4th edit 1849. 'Statement* illustrative of the Policy aud probabl* 

 Consequences of the proposed Repeal of the existing Corn-Laws, and 

 the Imposition in their stead of a moderate Fixed Duty on Foreign 

 Corn,' Svo, 1841 ;' A Treatise on the Principles and Pru tic >1 Influence 

 of Taxation and tho Funding System,' Svo, 1845 ; ' The Liteiaiure of 

 Political Economy : a CUxmbed Catalogue of Select l'uini> :it ,<n, in tun 

 diSerent Department* of that Science, with Historical, Critical, aud 

 Biographical Notices,' Svo, 1846 ; ' A Treatiae ou the Succession to 

 Property vacant by Death, imlmliuir Inquiries into the Influence of 

 Primogeniture, Entails, Compulsory Partition, Foundations, ia, over 

 th* Public Interest,' 8vo, 1848; 'A Treatise ou tli- Circumstances 

 that determine the Kate of Wug. s and the Condition uf the Labouring 

 Classen,' post Svo, 1851; 'A Dictionary, Practical, Theoretical, and 

 Historical, of Commerce and Commercial Navigation, illuotraied with 

 Map* and Plans,' Svo, 2nd edit. 1834, republisbed several times, with 

 improvement* and additions in ouo volume. 'ASta< Mint of 



the Britinh Empire, 'xinl'iuun itn Kxtmt. PI>>MIM| Capacities, Popula- 

 tion, Industry, and Civil aud Religious Institution*,' '2 vols. Svo, of which 

 everl edition* have been published. 'A Dictionary, Geographical, 

 Statistical, and Historical, of tl.e various Countries, 1'lac.s, aud prin- 

 ci|*l Natural Object* in the World, illustrated with Maps,' 2 thick 

 and clocely-prinUd vol. Svo. This work, originally published in 

 numbers, aud completed in 1842, WM republiabed with a.i.iitiou,-, in 

 1848, with a supplement in 1S49, and a new edition in 1856. 'Smith's 

 Wealth of Nations, with a Life of th* Author, Notc>, and Suppleinent:.l 

 Dissertations,' 8vn, 2nd edit. 1838, 4th edit 1850. 'A Select Collec- 



tion of Early Endluh Tracts on Commerce,' print- d by the Political 

 Economy Club of London for private di*trit.utiou, from the origiuals 

 supplied by Mr. MacCullocb. bo also wrote the Preface. 



MACDIARMID, JOHN, WM born about 1769 in Edinburgh, where 

 be received bia early education, partly at the common schools and partly 

 at th university. He began bis career M a clerk in a manufacturing 

 establishment, whence h* removed to the Commercial Hank, whore 



for a few years b* discharged highly responsible duties. While acr 

 *ngagH b* O*MI| not to pay attention to his literary itudies, WM 

 oooutonally amanuensis to Professor Playfair, contributed poetry to 

 the ' 8eote Magaain*,' and WM an active member of a debating society 

 called "The torum.' In January 1817 he became editor of tht 

 ' Dumfries Courier,' of which h* afterward* became the proprietor. It 



