MACDOWELL, PATRICK, R.A. 



MACER. .EMILIUS. 



d's fees* works; Burydice;' 'Ar.tl.usa;' 'A Bacchante,' 

 4U For the mot pert they oonsist of single figures, and are oharac- 

 jrhii by classic beauty and refinement of style, by graceful modelling, 

 serenity of il|lliiliii. admirably arranged draperies, and faultlcesnea* 

 of nos* and proportion ; but there i* seldom seeii any lofty flight 

 beyond the regions of eUeaic conventionalism. In bit busts Mr. Mac- 

 donald always gives as much dignity to the countenance as it is capable 

 of receiving without endangering the likeness; and in his female bead* 

 ' innate in combining with the elevation of style a 

 In the Crystal Palace an easts of 



..I Anj 



he i* especially fortun 



laaalng air of eaee and nfinement 



sevenfof Us boeea, and of bis Ulyatee ' and ' Andromeda.' 



MACOOWELL, PATRICK, K.A., was bora in Belfast, Ireland, 

 on the 12th of August 17W. His father, a tradesman in that town, 

 died while his eon was: yet an infant, leaving his wife in very straitened 

 atjejnmsUnnsi When about eight yean old the boy waa sent to a 

 i Seoul in Belfast kept by an engraver named Gordon, who encouraged 

 his early fondness for drawing, and furnished him with prints to copy. 

 Hare be remained till be was twelve yean old, when his mother 

 isianieil to 'Vc 1 *'"*. and placed him with a clergyman in Hampshire. 

 At the end of two yean he was apprenticed to a coach-maker in 

 who k^i"""*"*; insolvent, young MacDowell's indentures 

 cancelled after be bad been four yean and a half at this uncon- 

 genial occupation. He now took lodgings in the bouse of a French 

 * Cbenu, and began to employ his idle houn in sketching 

 it piaster casts by which he waa surrounded, and soon 

 effort* to acquire a knowledge of the sculptor's art. 

 After he left these lodgings he continued to draw with great diligence, 

 and to mode) portions of the human form. At length be ventured to 

 eke a reduced copy of a whole figure a Venus by Donatelli which, 

 when he bad completed, be carried to Chenu, who was so well pleased 

 with it M to become its purchaser. The young studtut now set to 

 work with redoubled seel Other models wen produced, and other 

 sjioliasors found. At length he was penuaded to become a com- 

 petitor for the execution of a monument proposed to be raised to the 

 memory of Major Cartwright, and his model was chosen. Eventually, 

 th* sola subscribed proving inadequate for hi* design, another sculptor 

 was employed ; but the model was the means of introducing Mr. Mao 

 Dosrell to the widow of Msjor Cartwright, who, with other memliers 

 of the family, became active and zealous promoters of the young 



..". ' : 



i:. : | 



I now began to receive commissions for buts, and some of those 

 he executed obtained places in the exhibitions of the Royal Academy. 

 When not thus engaged be turned to ideal subjects. " The first group 

 I attempted and 1 shall never forget the pleasun I frit while doing 

 it," Mr. MacDowtll writes in a graceful autobiographical sketch con- 

 tributcd to the ' Art-Journal ' for January 1850,- was from Moon's 

 Lores of the Angela,' the figures about three feet nine inches high. 

 It is now in the possession of George Davison, Esq., of Belfast. My 

 next work was a group from Ovid, of ' Cephalus and Procris.' I was 

 amniaiiiesinisil to execute this in marble for K. 8. Cooper, Esq., member 

 farSUgo. After that I modelled a group, life-eiie, of a' Bacchus and 

 Hetyr; ' I then commenced a model of a ' Oirl Reading,' which when 

 inbtirt I sett to the exhibition, which was the first exhibition in the 

 new Academy in Trafalgar-square." 

 This figure led to an interview with Sir James Emerson Tennant, 



asked the young artiit the name of bis master. " I never studied 



any one," was the nply, " but was apprenticed to a coach- 

 ." Kinding, on a little further conversation, that they wen not 

 merely countrymen, but fellow-townsmen, Sir James became still 

 more interested in bis young acquaintance, gave him a commission 

 for boat* of haulf and Lady Tennant, and introduced him to his 

 friend W. T. Beaumont, Esq., M.P. for Northamptonshire, who, with 

 enonetfrictto impetuosity, at once gave MacDowell commissions for 

 the siootjlina) of his model of the ' Oui Reading ' in marble, for two 

 Ian* gtoupe in marble from any subject be chose, and at the same time 

 stipmletod that he should do nothing for any one else for three years. 

 TW marble of the 'Girl Reading' was exhibited in 1888. and excited 

 general admiration ; a duplicate was executed for the Earl of Elles- 

 mere. In 1MO Mr. MacDowetl exhibited at the Royal Academy a 

 statue of a 'Girl goaf to Bathe,' which be executed In marble, and 

 exhibited in the following year, along with a statae entitled Prayer ; ' 

 fjd he was (November 1041) elected A.R.A. lie was now urged to 

 Mr. Beaumont, who undertook to supply ample funds. 

 and on his return completed for 



viest luly by Mr. Beaumo 

 He raSBtiewd abroad eight 



Mr. PiaaispBl hi* 'Prayer/ exhibited in 1812: his Urge marble group 

 Triumphant,' exhibited in 1844; 'Cupid,' 1841; 'Early 

 ; 1I7. etc. In 184* he waa elected RA-, and the same TOST 



o . e. -, se OS 



he exhibited hie etotee of VUoount Exmooth, for Ureenwioh Hospital. 

 V-T-TI Ike nwr bmporteat of his subsequent works an bis Virginias 

 s*d hL Daughter' 1847; 'Cupid and Psyche,' and 'Bra/ 1840; a 

 hrasue etetae of the Karl of Warren, for the Hew Palace at West- 

 meter, and 'Psyche.' 1M>; ' The .Slumbering Student,' 1M1; 'Love 

 mUmssa/lMl; 'Tbe Day Dream,' 1 M; sod "The First Thorn iu 

 Life.' sad a bronse staloe erected inBeUsat of the late Karl of Belfast, 

 184. He bs* aieo exeonted a Urge number of portrait busts. 



r. MaeDowell exhibit little of the appearance of a 

 While free from eH eerrfle imitntion of the antique, 

 k art, and they are executed 



naif uajht hand. 



they yet evince a emrefal etody of 



with great mastery over the chisel. Whit chiefly characterises thorn 

 is a quiet and graceful poetic spirit Hit female forms are always 

 beautiful, and their faces almost always animated with the true senti- 

 ment of the character they are intended to impersonate. His ideal 

 male figures are perhaps not equal to bu female, but some of them 

 are of a high order of m. rit. 



MACEDO, JOSE AGOSTINHO DE, a Portuguese poet and miscel- 

 laneous writer of considerable celebrity, was a native of the city uf 

 Evora. The date of hi* birth was probably not later than 1770, as ho 

 speaks of his didactic poem of ' Meditation ' as having been written 

 during the progress of tho French Revolution, and a poeui of that 

 natun is not likely to have been commenced before the age of twenty. 

 He became not only a churchman but an Augustine monk, but ho 

 afterwards obtained a release from his monastic vows. In 1810 he 

 was chaplain to the Prince Regent of Portugal, and was one of the 

 most popular preachen in Lisbon. In that year he issued a pamphlet 

 entitled ' Os Scbastianistas,' directed against one of the most singular 

 delusions that has over prevailed outside of the walls of a lunatic 

 hospital When King Sebastian of Portugal fell in 1173 in Marpooo 

 at the battle of Alcazar, it was natural enough that many of hi* subjects 

 at home, whom the unexpected newt struck like a thunderbolt, 

 should refuse to give credit to the truth of the distant calamity, which, 

 placed Portugal in the hands of the Spaniards, and should still hope 

 year after year to see the king come to enjoy his own again ; but it 

 might have been confidently supposed that this belief would expire 

 with the last of that generation. Not only however throughout the 

 17th century but also through the 18th there were still persons in 

 Portugal who lived in hopes of Sebastian's return, and when Napoleon's 

 invasion took place, the belief suddenly obtained a large accession of 

 follower*, who looked for their deliverance from the oppressor not at 

 the hands of Lord Wellington, but of King Sebastian returning to 

 Portugal from either Heaven or Marocco, some two hundred and 

 twenty yean after his disappearance. Macedo's pamphlet was intended 

 to prove that these ' Sebastianists ' must be bad citizens and bad 

 Christians; but the tone he adopted waa somewhat intemperate, and 

 be was met by replies to show that several Stbastianitts were honest 

 and respectable lunatics. The general character of hi* political writings 

 was violent, and he was especially bitter against Freemasons, who may 

 possibly be a different body in Portugal from what they are in England. 

 For some yean he conducted the official 'Gazette* of Lisbon, and he 

 also at one time i-sued a periodical entitled ' The Trumpet of the 

 Last Judgment.' He warmly espoused the cause of Don Miguel 

 against Don Pedro, and one of his last productions was a ' Refutation of 

 the monstrou* and revolutionary Pamphlet published in London (by 

 Mi'loii) entitled Who is the legitimate King of Portugal > ' Lisbon, 

 1828, 8vo. He died at Lisbon in September 1831, it h.u been said 

 of mortification at the suppression of one of his pamphlet! by the 

 authorities. 



It is as a poet and critic that the name of Macedo is most respect- 

 able. He had the moral courage to point out to reprobation some of 

 the faults of Camoens, and for this ho hss been censured, almost as if 

 guilty of some act of moral obliquity, not only by Portuguese, but by 

 French and Qerman critics. One of the moat celebrated passages iu 

 the ' Luciad ' is that in which Vasco de Qama, when he is labouring 

 round the Cape of Storms, is encountered by the spirit of the capo, 

 who on being questioned as to who and what he is, relates his history. 

 Strange to say, the poet puts it in his mouth that he was unknon-n 

 " to Strabo, Ptolemy, and the other ancient geographers," and some 

 uthrr parts of his oration are almost equally infelicitous. Many of those 

 that an more poetic are shown by Macedo to have been borrowed 

 from the Italian poets, to whom Camoens was largely indebted, and he 

 also points out that in other passage* generally, Camoens had followed 

 much loo closely the prose narrative of the historian De Burros. In 

 the same year, 1 81 1 , in which Macedo's ' Reflections on the episode of 

 Adsmsstor iu tho Luciad ' appeared, he bad the hardihood to publish 

 an eplo poem, entitled ' Qama,' in which be himself attempted to sin? 

 the discovery of India. A remodelling of this poem under the title of 

 '0 Oriente' ('The Orient') appeared in 1814, and reached a second 

 edition in 1837. In spite of the assaults to which it was subjected 

 from the offended admirers of Camoens, it has stood it* ground as a 

 work of considerable merit, and as the finest Portuguese epic of recent 

 times. A didactic poem entitled 'A Meditecao' ('Meditation'), is 

 however considered Macedo's masterpiece, and is spoken of in terms 

 of enthusiasm by the best Portuguese critics, Almeida < iarrott included. 

 Another poem entitled ' Newton,' dedicated to the glory of the great 

 English philosopher, is of a very inferior cast, and is chiefly remarkable 

 for the terms of intense admiration in which the writer speaks of the 

 glories of England. A translation of Horace, a collection of poems 

 entitled A Lyn Anacreontic*,' and a tragedy entitled ' Branca de 

 Rossi*,' an the principal remaining works of Macedo. 



M ACKK, .KMI'LIUS, a Roman jurist, who lived under the Emperor 

 Alexander Severus, or shortly oft. r his time. He wss either a coi.t ,.,- 

 porary of Ulpianus, or wrote after Ulpianus, for he cites him severar 

 times. There are 275 excerpte from Maoer in the Digest. His works 

 mentioned in the Florentine Index are two books on Military matters 

 two on Publioa or Publics Judicia, two on the Ollicium Pm.-i.idij two 

 on the tWref or Vioesimsi hanvditatum, i ' 



According to Priscian be also wrote Annalee. 



and two ou Appellation):-. 



