MAINTKNOX. MARQUISE DE. 



MAITLAND, REV. SAMUEL, D.D., F.R.S., F.&A. 



n Eachh translation of thk treatise, under the title of 

 ion* of the Law. of Mows, from the Moreh Nevocbiin" of 

 .' London, 18t7. S. Penuh ha-Mishna, 1 or ' Commentary 

 en the Miehna,' which wa* also originally written in Arabic, but has 

 ben ITIS*- ' fasto Hebrew by many rabbi*, and ha* usually been 

 publUbed with edition* of UM Mishna. 1 Sureohiwius, in hi* edition 

 of UM ' Mishna.' Amet. 1698-1708, ha* given a Latin translation of 

 Uuework. Part of it was published in the original Arabic by Poeooka, 

 Osfcrd. 145, underthe Utie of 'Porta Masts.' 3. Yad Hasakah/ or the 

 ' Strong Hand,' which contain* a complete digest of the Hebrew laws. 

 It U written in remarkably good Hebrew. The beet edition U that 

 printed at Ameterdam, 1798, 4 voU folio. 4.'8helo*h Asarali Ukarim,' 

 or ' The Thirteen Article* of Faith,' printed at Worm*, 1529, and 

 Jena. 1540. Maimonide. also wrote several other treatise* on different 

 natal* of UM Jewieh law, and many work* on medical aubjects. He 

 also tranaUted, at the command of the Sultan of Egypt, the writings 

 of UM Arabian phyaioian Avioanna, or Ibn Sina. 



MBsaimaHil founded a college at Alexandria for the instruction of 

 his uuuuUiami, in which he delivered lectures on philosophy and the 

 Jewish laws, 



MAINTKNO'N, FRANCOISE D'AUBIGNK. MARQUISE DE, was 

 born at Niort in 1635. Her father, Contain d'Aubigne", son of the 

 friend of Henri IV. [ACBIOIE, TUEODORB AUMFPA D'J, wa* a man of 

 "ijnto character. He was in prison at Niort at the time of the 

 i of hi* daughter ; he afterward* went with hi* wife and child to 

 UM Wait Indie*, where he died in 1645. His wife and daughter 

 isUiuad to Franc* in a state of destitution, and Mademoiselle d'Aubigno" 

 was brought up by an aunt, and educated in the Calvinist communion, 

 which wa* that of her paternal reUtives. After her mother's death, 

 bar godmother, Madam* de NeuilUnt, took her into her house, and 

 obnged bar to join UM Romiih Church. Her situation however at 

 Madame d* NeuilUnt . became so unpleasant and humiliating that she 

 wa* gUd to leave it by marrying Scarron, the comic poet, a man witty 

 but old, inarm, and deformed, who felt for her the interest of com- 

 L Scarron's houae wa* frequented by fashionable company, 

 whom Madame Scarron, by htr pleasing conversation and 



I Scarron died in 1660, his widow wa* left poor ; but some of 

 ad* recommended her to Madame de Montespan, the mistress 

 of LOOM XIV., a* governess to her children by the king. She thus 

 became known to Louis, who gradually conceived great esteem for her, 

 especially for the car* which she bestowed on the Duke of Maine, one 

 of hi* sons. The king made her a present of 100,000 livres, with 

 which ah* purchased the estate of Maintenon. Madame de Montespan'a 

 temper wa* not on* of the mildest, and tile governess had much to 

 ndsue from the imperious favourite. Louis himself was often obliged 

 to interfere to restore peace. Bv degree* the king, who had grown 

 tired of Madam* d* Monbspan, became more strongly attached to 

 Madam* Scarron, whoa* conversation interested and instructed him. 

 She had leant, in the school of adversity, great forbearance and much 

 *a*. The king at length conferred on her the title of Marchioness of 

 Maintenon. The qoeen-eoneort of Loui* was now dead ; Louis was no 

 longer young ; and he felt the want of an intellectual companion and 

 frMnd, to whom he could confide hU thought*. Having consulted his 

 ennlsasor. Father U Chaise, the latter adviaed a private marriage; 

 I hi 1M6 Look, who was than forty-seven years of age, was secretly 

 " to MaHame de Maintenon, who wa* fifty years old, by the 

 L >of Park, in presence of the Pcre La Chaise and two more 

 The marriage was always kept secret, and Madame de 

 I her*elf never avowed it Louis however lived openly with 

 her, vkhed her several times a day, received hU minister* in her 

 and sometime* in their presence asked her advice upon 

 Without appearing to neck any political power, but 



by the cabinet But H would be very difficult 

 en those acts in which she really had a share, and 

 in which her influence was only supposed, 



de Maintenon ha* been hardly dealt with by many 



bsaaflUv wa* a Christian virtue.' Madam* d* Maintenon I* still 

 fav^y ima>bsr*d as tb* founder of the Institution or .ehool of 

 Saint Cy r, for the education of poor girls of good families. In th. 

 Utter year* of LouV* life she wa* mad* unhappy by hU fretful and 

 qwtnslow IMMMT, *wl UM nte of passion to which i* was subject In 

 on* of b.r IctUn *b .OBJpkin* that " sb* we, obliged topi**** and 

 MM . .an who would not be pleased or amused.- After the death 

 of th* king she retired to Saint Cyr, "haw she died In 1719. 



it oV JfadMM it Jftrfntawn, vok. ISmo, Paris, 18U; ZeUre* 

 h*HjtidtXidm dt af.safmaa. Park, 1S26; Lemontey, B*ai Mr 



-' ', Ot.ww.tiiM MT u jfrriajt dt Low' XI V. W 

 JOBS. [MA;om,Jonx.] 



MAIRE, JAMES LK, was the son of a merchant established at 

 Egmont, near Alkmaar.and was born about 1590. As the Dutch East 

 IndU Company, which had been formed about that time, had obtained 

 a declaration from the states-general by which every Dutch vessel not 

 belonging to the company was prohibited from doubling the Cape of 

 Oood Hope, some private merchants in the towns of Alkmoar and 

 Hoorn formed a joint-stock company for the purpose of trying to 

 effect a passage to the East Indies without doubling the Cape. Among 

 these was Isaac Le Maire, the father of James. Two vessels were 

 equipped for sea; the command of them was given to Cornelius 

 Schooton, an experienced navigator, and James Le Maire was gent with 

 him as the commissioner of the company. They set sail in June 1015, 

 and having passed tho entrance of the Strait of Magalhaeni in the 

 following January, they continued their course southward, in the hopo 

 of finding a less difficult route to the Pacific than that through the 

 Strait of Magalhaens. They discovered the strait between Stouten 

 Land and Terra del Kuego on the 24th of January, and gave it the 

 name of Le Maire. In a few days they doubled Cape Horn, being the 

 .first navigator* who accomplished this undertaking. In traversing tho 

 Pacific from the east to the west, they sailed through a part of it, 

 where only a few scattered islands occur. At last they arrived on the 

 northern shores of New Guinea, orPnpua, where an island near n cape 

 called Good Hope was named after Schooteu. After vi-iniiL- Qttoia, 

 one of the Moluccas, they proceeded to Batavia, then called Joccatra. 

 From Batavia they sailed for Europe in a vessel belonging to the East 

 India Company, during which voyage James Le Maire died, the 31st of 

 December, 1616. 



MAITLAND, SIR RICHARD, of Lcthington, son of WUliatn 

 Maitland, of Lethington and ThirUtane, by his wife Martha, daughter 

 of George, second Lord Seaton, was born in the year 1496. Having 

 completed his grammar education, he proceeded to Fra-ice, at that 

 time the common resort of his youthful countrymen, particularly fur 

 the study of the law. On his return to Scotland he was successively 

 employed by King James V., the regent Arran, and Mary of Lorraine. 

 Of the early part of his life however few particulars are known. In 

 the end of the year 1550 his book of ' Reports of the Decisions of the 

 Court of Session ' commences, and about the same time he appears 

 in the sederunU of the court as an extraordinary lord of session. Not 

 many years afterwards his eldest son William, having returned from 

 the Continent, whither he had been sent, like his father, in early life, 

 was appointed by the queen-dowager secretory of state ; but afraid, as 

 it seems, of his safety at that troublesome period, he left her and joined 

 the Protestants in October 1559 ; and in August 1560 acted as speaker 

 of the Convention, in which the Roman Catholic supremacy in Scotland 

 wag destroyed. In the meantime his father, Sir Richard, hod become 

 blind. At what time this calamity overtook him is uncertain ; it was 

 probably about the year 1559, in the end of which he concludes his 

 ' History and Chronicle of the House and Surname of Seaton.' He 

 continued however to report the decisions of the court of session ; 

 and what U remarkable, from about the period of his becoming blind 

 he began to write and collect Scottish poetry. In 1562 he was made 

 lord privy-seal ; but this office he in a few years afterwards resigned 

 in favour of his second son John, who was also the next year appointed 

 an ordinary lord of session. His eldest son William bad been some 

 time before iu the like situation, being in 1561 appointed an extra- 

 ordinary lord of session, and in 1566 advanced to tho place of an 

 ordinary lord of the same court Old Sir Richard's blindness and 

 peaceful disposition concurred to save him from mixing in the political 

 broils of that period; but nevertheless, in 1570, when his son* were 

 denounced as rebel* by the king's party, his lands were ravaged by the 

 Kngliih. He lived however to know that his second son was rein- 

 stated on the bench as a lord of session, and he died only a mouth or 

 so before he was advanced to tho high office of Chancellor of Scotland. 

 He died on the 20th of March 1686, with the character of " a moist 

 unspotted and blameless judge,ane valiant, grave, and worthy knight;" 

 but it is in his character of a writer and collector of Scottish poetry 

 that he is now chiefly remembered. 



HU collections consist of two volumes : a folio, comprehending 170 

 article* ; and a quarto, of 96 pieces, in tho handwriting of Mary Mait- 

 land, his daughter. They are now preserved in the Pepysian Library, 

 Magdalen College, Cambridge. His poetical writings were for the first 

 time printed in an entire and distinct form in 1880, in one quarto 

 volume, by the Maitland Club, a society of literary antiquaries, so 

 designated from this distinguished collector of Scottish poetry. 



MAITLAND, REV. SAMUEL ROFFY, D.D., F.R.S., F.S.A., 

 was born in KingVroad, Bedford-row, London, in the year 1792. 

 Without having first pasted through any public school, Mr. Maitland 

 proceeded to Trinity College, Cambridge, but was incapable of gradu- 

 ating as not being a member of the Church of England ; his family 

 being Presbyterian, and he having himself been baptised in tho Kirk 

 of Scotland. After keeping two terms at Cambridge, and the required 

 number at the Inner Temple, he was called to the bar in Easter 

 Term, 1816. But hi* views having been turned to tho Church, he was 

 ordained deacon at Norwich by the bishop of that diocese on Trinity 

 Sunday, 1821, and priest at Wells by the Bishop of Gloucester on tho 

 19th of August in the same year. From 1S23 to 1889 he held the 

 perpetual curacy of Cbristchurch, Gloucester. In 1837 Dr. Maitland 

 was appointed librarian to the Archbishop of Canterbury (Dr. Howley), 



