MALALA, JOHN. 



MALCOLM, SIR JOHN, G.C.E 



-^-' 



b an offlcUl till* identify the prophet with Ear*. 

 [Til* mm lb* opinion of Jerome. 



IfahrM evidently Mnpiiasiirt after the Babylonish captivity. He 

 ** kUr than Hsfjai MM! Zeebariah ; fur he doe* not, like them, 

 short UM people to seel in rebuilding the Temple, but he refer* to it 

 M already boflt (i. 7, 10 ; iii. 1, 10). In cU.p. L, ver. 8, be speaks of 

 olitxaT rul.r of UM people ; now, no one appears to have held MB 

 OBODO* Uur than Nebemlah, after wbose time political power was in 

 UM han.l. of UM priests. Moreover UM state of thing* described and 

 reproved in Uti prophcy .gree* with the account which Neh-miah 

 rive* of the manner* of th* peopU *fter hu second return from IVnia 

 rate JudM. (Compart M.I. ii. 8-11, with Nehem. xiii. 23-29; Mat 

 UL 8, 10, and Nehem. ziii. 5. 12. z. 3S, 30, with Nehem. ziii. 6-18; 

 MaL. L 8. 11, 13, ii. 8, with Nebem. ziii. 15, Ac.) Hence Vitringa and 

 olbsf* bare conclad.d that Malaohi prophraied during the Utter part 

 of NeheinUh's administration (about B c. 433 or 420). 



The object at thta prophecy b to reproro the people and the priest* 

 for UMir trrelajion. To the complaint of the people, that God dealt 

 unkindly with them, UM prophet repUe* by comparing their prosperity 

 with UM calamitio* that had hcMlen the Edomite* (i. 2-6.) He 

 UM print* for their dialike to the service of Ood, their 



unholy sacriiee*. and their perversions of the law, and the people for 

 their intermarriages with the neighbouring heathen nations (i. 6, to 

 u. 16). Before UM Captivity idolatry had been the great sin of the 

 Jew*; but BOW they seem to have b en prone to infidelity, complaining 

 that UM wicked were favoured by God, and that the Messiah did not 

 appear. The prophet therefore announce* the approach first of the 

 M**iah'* precursor, and then of the Meaaiah himself, whom ho styles 

 "the IIISSISHSSI of the covenant,'' to purify the people of God, and to 

 polish UM ungodly (ii. 17, to iii 0). He point* to the withholding of 

 trt>*aad oflsrings u th* cause of the barrenneea of the land, and pro- 

 mi^ a return of plenty upon tlie payment of these dues (iiL 7-12). He 

 gain answer* the infidel complaint* of the p.-ople by referring to a 

 future recompense, and predict* the coming of Elijah to bring the 

 people to repentance, denouncing a curse upon the land if they despised 

 bis ministry (iii 13, to the end). This part of the prophecy is applied 

 in UM New Testament to John the Baptist (Compare Mai iii. 1, 

 with MaU. zi 10, Mark i 2, Luke i. 76. vii. 27; and Mai iv. 5, 6, 

 with MaU. zi 14, xvii 10-13, Mark ix. 11-13, Luke i 17.) 



The prophecy of Malachi i* almost entirely in prose. Hi* style ha* 

 UM vigour which belong* to an indignant censor of abuses, but he is 

 deficient in UM poetical beaulie* of the earlier prophets. Bishop 

 Lowth remark* that "the book i* written iu a kind of middle stylo, 

 which (rent* to indicate that the Hebrew poetry from the time of the 

 Babylonish captivity was in a declining state, and, being past its 

 !<! and vigour, was then fast verging towards the debility of age." 

 (' I'ntlec-, zxl) The canonical authority of this book i* not disputed. 



MA LALA, JOHN (called also MALELA, or MAI. ALAS, or 

 MAI.KI.AH), wa. the author of a chronicle in the Greek language, In 

 " book*, which extends from the creation of the world to the 

 of Justinian. Th* time in which he lived is uncertain. He 

 alive after UM reign of Justinian, since be mi ntion* 

 UM number of yean which that emperor reigned. Hody, in hi* 

 Preimsneoa' to the Oxford edition of this writer, endeavours to 

 bow that b* lived in th* 9th century ; but this opinion ha* been 

 eoatrovtrted by Jortin, Gibbon, Reiske, snd L. Dindorf, who maintain 

 that be lived shortly after the reign of Justinian. 



Malala i* Syiuc word, signifying 'orator, 1 or 'rhetorician.' He 

 i* also railed John of Antioch ; but he must not be confounded with 

 the John of Antioch who also wrote chronicle, extracts from which 

 bave been preserved in a work of Constantino I'urphyrogeunctus, 

 Ua Virtues sad Vice*.' 



Th* chronicle of Malala was printed for the first time at Oxford, 

 1691, under UM superintendence of Cbilmead. who died however 

 before UM work wu puUbbed. Hody prefixed a dissertation to that 

 diUoac* the life and written of Malala; and Bentley an appendix, 

 in UM htm of a Utter to Mill, in which b* corrected numerous 

 pa******. Beatley* letter to Mill wa* reprinted at the end of Bent- 

 try's Emendation** la Mmaadri et Philcmonis Reliqui**,' Camb., 



1718. The ebfoniete wa* also published at V. nice in 1733 ; but the 

 bcstedrtioB i* by L. Dindorf (Boon, 1831), which contain* tho note* 

 of Cbilmed and Hody, u well a* Bentley* letter to Mill. 



MALATESTA, MALATKSTI, Lords of Rimini, an historical family 

 of luly darinc the middle age*. Like many other great feudatories 

 of IteJr, the MelaterU are said to have origin*] ly com* from Uenuany. 



: | .,'. , 



to have originally com* from Germany 

 U mentioned in some chronicle* a* ' Vicariu*, 1 or 



; ,-. I:- . 



Imperial Ueejteasnt of Kimini. under Otlio III., A.a 1002. It is not 

 however, uoUl UM s*oood half of the 13th century, that we find 

 family a* being at the head of the Cluelph 

 ni Makteeti, called ' U Zop| o,' or the lame, 1 

 daughter of Guido di I'olenU, lord of Ravenna. 

 Paolo, brother of Giovanni, eedaccd hi* wife, end being caught in 

 adultery with her, they were both killed by the outraged husband. 

 This tragical cvrnt forma the subject of one of tho most beautiful 

 episodes of Uute's Inferno. 1 After n.sny vicissitude*, owing to tho 

 faeUoee of those time*, we find Oaltotto Malatesta, in the early part 

 of UM 14th century, acknowledged by the pope a* Lord of Rimini, 

 I'eew.Ksno, and other plscet in fief of tbeKpal See. II U descend- 



ant* continued in possession of Kimini, with various interruption* 

 till the time of Clement VIII., in 1528, when Siinsmondo Malatesta, 

 was deprived of his dominion by the pope, and retired to Venice, 

 after which several of the same family figured in the service of that 

 it-public. One Carlo Malatesta had already distinguished himself in 

 the wan of the 15th century, between the Duke of Milan and the 

 Venetians. (Sansovino, Faan'gHc Hliutri d' Italia.) 



MALCOLM I., King of Soots, wa* the eon of Donald IV., who died 

 in the year 904. He succeeded to the throne when Constantino HI. 

 abdicated, for the retirement of a monastery, in the year 944 ; and he 

 appear* to have reigned about ten year*. The principal event of hi* 

 reign was tho cession of Cumbria by the English king to the King of 

 Scot*. In this it is said the English king resigned to Scotland what 

 he found ho could not easily retain, the border dutrict* being, from 

 the mixed character of the population, in a state of very frequent 

 disturbance ; and by the cession of these districts the English king 

 hoped to secure the fealty and friendship of the King of Soot*. 

 Malcolm was slain by the men of Moray, in the north of Scotland, 

 where he had marched to repress an insurrection in that quarter ; 

 but the precise time, place, or circumstance in which this event 

 occurred, is not certain. 



MALCOLM II., King of Scots, was the son of King Kenneth III., 

 and grandson of Malcolm I. Inheriting the ambitious spirit of hu 

 father, he tet up a claim to the throne, in opposition to his cousin 

 Kenneth IV., and on the fall of Kenneth in a pitched battle between 

 the partisans of the two princes, Malcolm succeeded in the year 1003. 

 He reigned about thirty years, the greater part of which period was 

 spent in warlike encounters with the Danes, who sought a settlement 

 in the kingdom. It wa* in gratitude for a victory obtained over those 

 pirate*, that Malcolm founded and endowed a religious house at 

 Mortlach, which afterwards became a bishopric, and at a still later 

 period went to form, with other churches, the bishopric of Aberdeen ; 

 and on the same occasion he made many and various grant* and 

 oblations to the church and clergy. His piety was accordingly 

 acknowledged and approved by the papal see. Malcolm is also said 

 to have been a legislator, and there in a collection of laws which go 

 by his name, but the authenticity of the ' Leges Malcolmi ' is disputed. 

 Malcolm died in the year 1033 ; and there is still shown in the church- 

 yard of Glammis, " King Malcolm'* grave-stone," which is a rude 

 mass, without any inscription, 16 feet high and 5 feet broad. Ho 

 appears to have had no son, but only two daughters, both of whom 

 were married. One of those was mother of King Duncan, who was 

 killed near Elgin in 1039, by a stroke of ' treasonous malice. 1 



MALCOLM HI., King of Scot*, was the son of 'the gracious 

 Duncan,' whose story ha* been immortalised in the page* of Shakspere. 

 On his father's death Malcolm fled into England ; but after the fall 

 of Macbeth, and that of hi* successor, be recovered his father'* 

 sceptre, and was declared king in the year 1057 ; and, as Chalmers 

 reckon* in tbo thirty-third year of his own age. He is commonly 

 known in history a* ' Malcolm Canmore, 1 or ' Malcolm Great-head,' 

 probably from the wisdom and prudence of his character. A con- 

 temporary bard give* him two epithet*, the one implying that he 

 had a handsome person, the other that he bad a cheerful mind ; and 

 it appears that for a series of year* hi* reign was undixturbed either 

 by foreign or domestic enemies. The accession of William Itufus 

 however proved tho signal for hostilities between the two countries; 

 and in an encounter with the Engliah force* Malcolm wa* surprised 

 by Earl Mowbray, and slain on the 30th of November 1093, in about 

 the seventieth year of hi* ago. 



MALCOLM IV., King of Scot*, was the grandson of King David I., 

 and on the death of that king, on the 24th of May 1153, he succeeded 

 to the throne, being then in the twelfth year of his age. The same 

 year he was called on to repress the insurrection of Somerled, lord 

 of the Isles, a Hebridean chief of such great influence, that when a 

 pea.ce with him wa* secured, the event was deemed of sufficient 

 importance to form an epoch in the dating of Scottish charters. The 

 standard of rebellion was afterwards raised in Galloway, and Malcolm 

 wa* obliged to lead a great force against Fergus, the lord of that 

 country, whom he at length subdued. Malcolm had also a struggle 

 with the men of Moray, and in 1161 he compelled them to submit to 

 his authority. Tho powerful Somerled also again rose, but was 

 defeated by tho Scottish king. The period of his reign however wa* 

 nut of long duration; as he died of a lingering disease at Jedburgh, 

 on the 9th of December 1 165, at the early age of twenty-four. 



MALCOLM, SIR JOHN, G.C.B. and K.L.S., was born in Eskdale, 

 Dumfriesshire, Scotland, in 1769. He wa* sent to India, when he 

 wa* only thirteen, under the care of his maternal uncle Dr. Paisley, 

 and was appointed a cadet on the Madras establishment. Ho returned 

 to England in 1794, for tho benefit of his health, but sailed again to 

 India in tho following year, and took nn active part, as an inferior 

 officer, in the war with tho celebrated Tippoo. After the fall of 

 Scringapatam he was appointed, jointly with Captain (afterward* Sir 

 T.) Monro, secretary to the commissioners who were intrusted with 

 the division of Mysore ; and his prudence and abilities were already 

 so highly estimated by the British government iu India, that he was 

 sent in the same year (1799) to Persia on affairs of the most important 

 nature. 

 On hi* return from Persia, iu 1601, ho was appointed private sccre- 



