MALMKSBURY, EARL OF. 



MALONE, EDMOND. 



_ of Olaelonbory,' nd \Vharton, u already noticed, pub- 



LUk of 81 Woletan.' 



aOea* feature of Malmcabnry s literary character is hit lore 

 II* repeatedly declare that for the remoter period* of his 



works b had observed the greatest caution in throwing all 

 ,M*lity for the fact* on the authors from whom he derived 

 lad a* to hi* own time*, he declare! that be has recorded 

 thai be had not either penonally witneeeed 01 



or learned from 



^ Dt Scnmi. BriL i Tanner. Bill. Brit. HA., pp. 359-860; 

 &Mttsa /Tutor. Lik., edit. 1776, pp. 47 84-88; J. A. Fabricii, 



ML I*. eW. rf t/- **. *. '' UT -. 17r ' 4 - tol - '"- P- 15 - : 

 Him i. JW. to bis translation of William of Malmeabury, He Otttii 

 gmwmm ; Hardy. Pnf. to /V 0e*it Ktyum ; Wright, /ioj. Brir. Lit., 

 Am,. A/erases, Ptnod.) 



MALMKSBURY, JAMES HARRIS, FIRST EARL OF, was the 

 only eon of James Harris, the author of ' Hermes ' [HARRIS, JAXBS], 

 and be waa born at Salisbury on the 21st of April 1746, the day of the 

 of Callodea. After baring been put in the first instance to the- 

 , of bis natira town, the subject of thin notice was sent 

 . where be remained till September 1762. His father, 

 i by thia time in offlce, now kept him with him in London for 

 months, and then cent him to Merton College, Oxford. In 

 a letter written in his advanced yean he expresses himself ai unable 

 to decide whether his father did right or wrong in introducing him to 

 ss sissy before he waa ornt to the university ; and he prof eases to look 

 back upon the years he passed at Merton as the most unprofitably 

 spent of hi* We, yet he appears to hare by no means altogether 

 neglected study amid the then prevailing idleness and dissipation of 

 tbepUeo. 



Oa tearing Oxford in 1765 he waa sent for a year to study at 

 Leyden, and thsti at least he arems to bare made excellent use of his 

 time, spending many hours daily among his books, while he also 

 mixed mooh in society. He then, after being eight months at home, 

 sot out in 1767 on a abort continental tour, in the course of which he 

 visited Holland, Pruuia, Poland, and Paris ; and in tho autumn of the 

 same year bo was, through the patronage of Lord Shelburnc, his 

 -ft colleague and friend, appointed secretary of embassy at 



Madrid, and thai entered public life at the age of oneand-twenty. 



Three yean after, the affair of the Falkland Islands occurred, when 

 be ohaoeed to hare been left at Madrid aa charge' d'affaires, and, 

 acting upon hia owa responsibility, he bad the good fortune very 

 quickly to brine the Spanish government to concede the object in dia- 

 pate. Tbo Falkland Islands, the acknowledgment of our right to 

 which was tans obtained from Spain, wore given up by England four 

 yean after; bat the temper and firmness, ae well aa talent, with 

 which Harris bad managed his aaeceaaful negotiation, gave ao much 

 satisfaction to his government that be was the following year appointed 

 to Uiepcat of minister at the court of Berlin. He retained this mission 

 for fasjr yean, and then returning to England in 1776, married Harriet 

 Mary, sscood daughter of Sir George Amyand CornewalL In 1777 he 

 waa sent sa smhesaarlor to St. Petersburg, and, baring in the meantime 

 received the Order of the Bath in 1780, be remained in Russia till 

 bis health compelled Urn to return home in 1784. He bad ever since 

 notwithstanding hi* betas; abroad, held a seat iu the House of 

 Ootnoaoaa as member for Chriatcbnrcb, and bad, like most of Lord 

 BtMlboroe s Mends and connections, attached himself to the party of 

 Mr. Fox. Whan Fox however waa now superseded in the direction of 

 aJUn by Pitt, the latter at one* offered Sir James Harris the poet of 

 mhsrtir at tho Hague, to which it bad been intended that he should 

 bore been appointed if the Fox and North administration bad 



la power; and he accepted it with the full approbation of 

 Mr. Fox. While at the Hague be succeeded in twgociating, in April 

 17M, the trsstlsi of alliance with Holland and with Prussia, by which 

 the) power of the etedthoUer was at that time preferred from being 

 oTttthiowa by the democratic party, and Holland in all probability 

 rascved from tba grasp of France. For this great service, as it was 

 osMidond, Sir Jatnt. waa, in September of the same year, raised to 

 Ik* pisrstj. as Baron Malmeebury. 



nt over by Mr. Pitt on a mission to Berlin, 

 when ho prevailed upon the new King of Prussia to enter into a 

 second alliance with England and Holland, which however did not lost 

 for 0,0*4) two yean.. Ja 1794 be was employed to negociate the 



be daughter of 

 i tho ceremony 



marriage between the Prince of Wales and Caroline, the 

 tbeDukeof Bnuwwick; and, after having gone through U 

 of aterrria, >r Royal HighiHOS by proxy, ho acoomp, 



| 



ity it wou 



whatever. It is sUted 

 forgiven for the part b acted by the 

 > until then ho had boon on terms of great intimacy 



wor* those oa which bo was seat in 1796 and 



1 797 to Pant and Lisle, to negotiate a peace with the French republic, 

 and which were attended with no result. He waa then attacked by a 

 deafness which, in his own opinion, unfitted him for being again 

 employed on any foreign service of importance. In 1800 he was 

 created Earl of Malmesbury ami Viscount FiUharris. He died at hia 

 bouse in Hill-street, Loudon, on the 20th of November 1820, leaving 

 a son, who succeeded him in the title, and three daughters. 



Lord Malmeabury was without doubt one of the rery ablest diplo- 

 matists of bis time, and a man of great general talent Talleyrand 

 said of him, in a phrase the point of which cannot be preserved in a 

 translation, " Si on lui laiasait le demicr mot, il avail toujoura raisou." 

 And he waa equally noted for readiness and spirit iu hu ordinary 

 conversation as when acting in his diplomatic capacity. 



A rery favourable impression also of his good sense and general 

 right-mindedneas is made by bis ' Diariea and Correspondence," which 

 have been edited by hia grandson, the present earl, in 4 vols. 8ro, 

 Lond., 1844, and which besides throw much valuable illustration 

 upon many of the events and transactions of the important period in 

 which it was his fortune to live and act. The materials of the present 

 article have been mostly abstracted from the Memoir prefixed to that 

 publication. 



MALME3BURY, JAMES HOWARD HARRIS, THIRD EARL OF, 

 grandson of the preceding, wag born in 1807, and received his educa- 

 tion at Eton, and at Oriel College, Oxford. He entered public life in 

 1841 as member for Wilton, but the death of his father almost imme- 

 diately translated him to the House of Lords. He had not been either 

 a frequent speaker or active politician when the Earl of Derby, on his 

 accession to office in February 1862, appointed him Secretary of State 

 for Foreign Affairs. In this capacity he showed considerable ability, 

 and his conciliatory conduct tended much to confirm the alliance with 

 the Emperor of the French, which has had such important results on 

 European policy, and more especially in uniting the Western powers 

 against Russian aggression. At the close of the late war with Russia, 

 LorJ Malmeabury in his place as a Peer of Parliament severely criti- 

 cised the peace which was concluded at Paris in March 1856 under 

 the auspices of the Earl of Clarendon. Lord Malmesbury is favourably 

 known in the literary world as the editor of the ' Diaries and Official 

 Correspondence ' of his grandfather, the first Earl. 



MALONK, EDUOND, was born at Dublin in 1741. His father 

 was one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas in Ireland ; and 

 the subject of this notice, baring taken a degree in the Unirersity of 

 Dublin, was called to the Irish bar in 1767. Mr. Malone was however 

 devoted to literary pursuits; and an independent fortune having 

 devolved upon him, he took up his residence in London, and became 

 an intimate of the more eminent literary men of that day, including 

 Burke and Johnson. He subsequently became distinguished, princi- 

 pally as an editor of Shaksperc. -His first publication, connected with 

 this his favourite subject, was that of a ' Supplement ' to Steercns's 

 edition of 1778, in 2 vols. This contains Shakapere's sonnets and 

 other poems, with note*, and the various plays which by general con- 

 sent have been rejected from his works we mean 'Sir John Oldcastle,' 

 ' Locriue,' Ac. It also includes ' Pericles,' which has subsequently 

 founl a placo in the variorum editions. Malone displayed in this 

 work many qualities which in some degree fitted him to ba an editor 

 of 8haks|>ere's undoubted works, and in 1790 he brought out au edition 

 of bis own. He had previously contributed some notes to Steereus's 

 edition of 1785. There were essential differences of opinion between 

 Steerena and Malone, which would hare rendered their co-operation 

 perhaps impossible. Steeveus carried his disregard of tin- authority 

 of the texts of the old editions to an extravagant length ; Malono, on 

 the contrary, had a proper deference for that authority. Steevens, 

 especially, despised the text of the first folio; Malone, in a much 

 greater degree, respected it : Steerens was coarse and oven prurient 

 in his editorial remarks ; Malone was cautious and inoffensive : 

 Steerens had the more acutencss ; Malone the greater common sense. 

 As it waa, Malone published a rival edition, and Steevens quarrelled 

 with him for ever. In Malone'a edition, his ' History of tho Stage' 

 was, fur the time at which it was written, a remarkable performance; 

 and bis ' Essay on the Genuineness of the Three Plays of Henry VI.' 

 displays great critical sagacity and discrimination. The same qualifi- 

 cations which he exercised as an editor of Sbakspere were equally 

 exhibited in the part which he took in the controversies as to tho 

 genuineness of the Rowley poemi, and the Shaksperian papers published 

 by the Inlands. He was amongst the first to proclaim his belief that 

 the poems attributed to Rowley were the production of Chatterton ; 

 and the imposition of William Henry IreUnd was rery clearly pointed 

 out by him in a letter addressed to Lord Charlemont This tract 

 contains many interesting researches into our earlier literature, and is 

 worth referring to, amidst the mass of nonsense which this controversy 

 called forth. Malone also published iu 1797 the posthumous edition 

 of the works of Sir Jo.hu* Reynolds, with a memoir, he being one of 

 that eminent mau's executors. Tho remainder of his life was spent 

 in adding to his notes on Shakspere, and preparing for a new edition, 

 which he did not live to complete. His death took place in 1812, 

 when he was in his seventy-first year. His posthumous edition of 

 Shakspere, very carefully edited, was published by his friend Mr. James 

 lioswell, in 1821, in 21 vols. 



Of Malone it is not perhaps very high praise to say, that ho waa 



