II* 



MARSHALL, WILLIAM, R.A. 



MAB8IQLI, COUNT. 



* which In bet occupied ilia first Tolume of the original work, 

 he had publbhed ia separate form in 1824. A selection from hii 

 hltteial d*eWoM, sta* was publi-heil under the care of Judge Story 

 lfttt. oxter the tide of ' The Writing* of John Marshall, late Chief 

 of the United Otsses. apon the Federal Constitution.' 



one of the most distinguished 

 , who w.ia twenty-four yean 

 e Court, wrote in 182S an 



Me in the 'North American Renew' (vol. xvii), 'On the Public 

 SerrioM of Judge Mr"l',' in which he savs: "Splendid ae has been 

 Ike judicial career of thU eminent man, it U scarcely possible that tho 

 extent of bb labours, the rigour of hi* intellect, or the untiring 

 MturanT of his Uaraing, should be duly estimated except by tho 

 irofeariim of which he wu eo great an ornament. .... Many 

 of tboee exquisite judgments which hare cost days and night* of the 

 elaborate study, and for power of thought, beauty of illustration, 



jMiioa of the United Otsses. apon te eer 

 A* a Jodie, it b admitted that he wa* one 

 that isssrifie he* produced. Judge Story, 

 hi* MSO gists on the bench of the Supreme 



variety of turning, and elegant demonstration, are justly numbered 

 among the highest reaches of the human mind, find no admiration 

 beyond the rank of lawyer*, and live only in the dusty repositories of 

 their nrtrles .... We emphatically say of Chief Justice 

 Marshall that his master-mind has presided in our deliberations, and 

 giv to the mult* a cogency of reasoning, a depth of remark, a 

 pcrsnaeiveeMSB of argument, a clearness and elaboration of illustration, 

 and an elevation and comprehensiveness of conclusion, to which none 

 others ofiVr a parallel." 



MARSHALL, WILLIAM CALDER, R.A., was born at Edinburgh 

 in 1813, and after receiving an initiatory training as a sculptor, ho 

 removed to London, enUred himself as a student in the Royal 

 Academy, and became successively the pupil of Chantrey and of 

 Beily. Having won the gold medal and travelling scholarship of the 

 Royal Academy, he proceeded to Rome, where he remained from 

 1836 to 1838. On bis return to London he devoted himself to poetic 

 sculpture, in which line bis works gradually obtained for him a high 

 pkos in public favour by their simplicity, grace, and refinement, 

 Mr. lt>lill has been a diligent practitioner of his art, not a single 

 exhibition having occurred since 1839 to which he has not contributed 

 some poetic conception. Among these may be mentioned ' The 

 Creation of Adam/ 'Una and the Lion,' ' Ophelia,' and 'Cupid and 

 Psyche,' 1840; ' AUlanta and Hippomanes,' and 'Puck,' 1841 ; 'The 

 Broken Pitcher,' and 'Kve and the tint-born,' 1842 ; 'David with the 

 bead of Ooliab,' and 'May Morning.' 1843; ' Little Red-Riding-Hood,' 

 ' CencUeoe before Claudius,' and Christ blessing little Children,' in 

 1844, works which tecnred his election as A.R.A. in the November of 

 that year. 'The First Whisper of Love,' and 'Paul and Virginia,' 

 appeared in 1845. In 1840 his ' Hero guiding Leander,' and 'Sabrina,' 

 illustrating the well-known lines of Milton, and worthy of them. 

 This statue has caught the general taste more perhaps than any other 

 of Mr. Marshall's works, and the admirable reduction of it in Parian 

 farms one of the most popular of the statuettes which have been pro- 

 duced in that beautiful material : several other of Mr. Marshall's 

 works have also been copied ae Parian statuettes, with more or less 

 access, each as the 'Little Red-Riding-Hood,' and 'A Dancing Girl 

 Rfpirtfg ' (one of the most graceful of his classic works which gained 

 the Art-Union prixe of SOW., and was exhibited at the Royal Academy 

 in 1848). In 1847 Mr. Marshall exhibited ' Kurydioe,' and the ' First 

 Step;' in 1848 'Cupid Captive,' and a 'Young Satyr drinking; ' in 

 ISIS 'Too Grecian Maid,' 'Zephyr and Aurora,' and statues of 

 Campbell and Cowper-the first of his monumental sUtues. That of 

 ~ he* since been executed in marble, and placed in West- 

 obey, la 1860 appeared a Nymph,' and a ' Mermaid on a 



r Abbey. 

 Dolphin;' in 1891 



1860 appeared a Nymph,' 

 Hebe rrjeoted ,- ' in 1852 



The Hindoo Girl,' ho 



having in February of that year been elected R.A. ; in 1 863 ' Pandora;' 

 1865 'The Mother's Praver,' 



'She eat like Patience on a 



'Ariel,' and 



in 1864 'Oodiva;' in 1865 'The Mother's Pra 

 A tax;' and in 1868 'Imogen* asleep,' 

 McmmeaV and ' Htrmia and Helen*,' Mr. Marshall has also been 

 OM of the sculptors employed in the New Palace of Westminster, for 

 which he has executed etatoes of the Chancellors Clarendon and 

 Semen, and the poet Chaucer. He also executed the statue of Peel 

 for Meaohsetsr ; a colossal figure in bronsa of the great statesman, 

 with a etatue repreeenting tho cHy of Manchester, as illustrative of 

 me and commerce, and another, typical of the Arts and 



, at the bse of the pedestal on the whole one of thu most 

 aad perhaps the meet successful of the memorials yet 



in honour of Sir Robert PeeL The latest of Mr. Marshall's 



ieaetatao of Captain Coram, the founder of the Foundling 

 erected at the entrance gate* of that institution in November 



MARgHAM, SIR JOHN, was one of six eons and four daughters of 

 n alderman of London, and wu born in the parith of Ht Bartholomew 

 in 1601 He had his education in Westminster school, and Ht John's 

 College, Oxford. He afterwards travelled much abroad in France, 

 Italy, aad Germany, both as a private gentleman and in the suit* of 

 8b Thome* Kdmuods the ambassador. When he returned homo he 

 slf to the study of the law, but it does not appear that 

 to mere than to be appointed one of the six clerks in 

 he lost when the contentions arose 

 Nor was this all ; for following 

 to the royal cause, he 



between the king and the parliament, 

 the king to Oxford, and remaining 



suffered greatly in his estate. On the change of the times he was 

 returned to parliament for the city of Rochester, was restored to his 

 six clerks' office, was knighted, and soon after was created a baronet 

 He died at Busby Hall near Watford in 1685. 



Such is the outline of bis life. Tho predominance of a political 

 power to whom he was obnoxious, in the period of his life when his 

 mind was at maturity, gave lira leisure to pursue those stndiiM 

 for which be had acquired a taste in tho earlier period of his life. 

 The subject on which his mind was particularly directed is one of 

 peculiar intricacy and difficulty, the disentangling tho perplexed 

 statements to be found in early writers concerning ancient 

 dynasties and events in tho earliest periods of history. The results 

 of these studies he gave to the world in a folio .volume, print- >1 .-it 

 London in 1672, which ho entitled ' Canon Chronious, vKgyptiacuH, 

 Kbraicus, Griecun,' being an enlargement of a work on the same 

 subject published in 104'.', entitled by him ' Diatribe Chronologica.' 

 Sir John Marsham has treated the subject in a manner befitting a 

 scholar intent on nothing but the discovery of truth, if truth be attain- 

 able. His work was published at Leipzig in 1076, nnd at Franekor iu 

 1696, with a preface by the editor Menckeuius, in which some of hi* 

 conclusions are questioned. Of course the modern discoveries iu 

 Egypt have affected iu some points tho argument of this learned 

 scholar. 



In the same spirit he attacked the difficulties which rest on the 

 ' Chronology of the Early History of Persia ; ' but this work has not 

 we believe, been given to the public ; nor the ' Dissertations on tho 

 Money of the Ancients,' and on the ' Roman Provinces and Legions,' 

 which it is understood he left in manuscript. There is another work 

 of his, less celebrated, the Preface, or Tlptrru\iuoy, as he called it, to the 

 great work on English monasteries, entitled 'Monasticon Anglic. inuuj,' 

 which wu begun by Roger Dodaworth, and finished by Sir William 

 Dngdale. This appeared in 1655. 



Sir John Marsham was not only himself learned, but his two sons, 

 Sir John Marsham of Cuxton, and Sir Robert Marsham of Bushy, were 

 also studious and learned men. The son of Sir Robert was created 

 Lord Romney by George I. 



MARSHMAN, JOSH UA, D.D., one of the " Serampore Brethren," as 

 the band of missionaries among whom he and Dr. Carey were the 

 most prominent often styled themselves, was born in 1767 at West- 

 bury Leigh iu Wiltshire. He wa? sent out to India in 1799 by thu 

 Baptist Missionary Society. He acquired, by severe and diligent 

 labour, a complete knowledge of the Bengalee, Sanskrit, and Chinese 

 languages. Into the Chinese he translated the Four Gospels, tho 

 Epistles of Paul to the Romans and the Corinthians, and the Book 

 of Genesis. He also wrote ' A Dissertation on the Characters and 

 Sounds of the Chinese Language,' published in 1809 in 4to ; ' Tho 

 Works of Confucius, containing the original text, with a Translation,' 

 also in 4to, published in 1811; and 'Clavis Sinica; Elements of 

 Chinese Grammar, with a Preliminary Dissertation on the Characters 

 and Colloquial Medium of the Chinese,' printed at Serampore in 1814. 

 In Sanskrit and Bengalee he assisted Dr. Carey in the pr. 

 a Sanskrit grammar in 1815, and a Bengali and English dictionary in 

 1825. In 1827 he published on abridgment of the dictionary. In 

 1826 he visited England on the subject of the disagreement bet\v< en 

 the Serampore Brethren and the Baptist Missionary Society, which 

 led to their separation in the following year : his son Johu having 

 previously visited England in 1822 on the same business. Iu this 

 disagreement, which arose about 1817, tho uncompromising and some- 

 what impracticable spirit of this otherwise excellent man, appears to 

 have had considerable share. He again reached Serampore in June 

 1829, and remained there till his death on the 6th of December 

 1837, a few days previous to which event arrangements were con- 

 cluded in London for tho re-union of the Serampore Mission with 

 the parent society, and for retaining him in the superintendence. 

 In a sketch of hi character at the end of the first volume of Dr. 

 Cox's ' History of the Baptist Missionary Society ' he is said to havo 

 been possessed of great mental power and diligence, of firumees bor- 

 dering upon obstinacy, and of much wariness. Dr. Marshmau's name 

 is especially known by his controversy with Rammohun Hoy [HAV- 

 MOUUH ROY], who distinguished himself greatly among his country- 

 men iu India by his spirited attacks upon idolatry, and by the 

 publication of a work entitled ' The Precepts of Jesus, the Guide to 

 Peace,' in which, while exalting tho precepts, he asperses the miracles 

 of Christ. Dr. Manhman answered this work by a series of articles 

 in the ' Friend of India,' a periodical issued by the Serampore mis- 

 sionaries, which were subsequently republishcd iu London, in 1822, in a 

 separate volume, entitled ' A Defence of the Deity and Atonement of 

 Jesus Christ, in reply to Rammohun Roy, of Calcutta.' In 1824 

 appeared a second London edition of Ramuiohun Roy's work, illus- 

 trated with a portrait of the author, and containing replies to Dr. 

 Manhman. 



MAKSIGLI, LUIGI FERDINANDO, COUNT, born at Bologna. 

 of a noble family, in 1658, studied mathematics under Borelli, uiid 

 natural history under Malpiglii and other able professors. At 1 1 

 of twenty he went to Constantinople. On his return ho published 

 ' Ouorvazioui sul Bosforo Tracio ' (Koine, 1681 ), which ho dedicated 

 to Christina of Sweden ; and he also wrote a memoir on the rise and 

 decline of the Ottoman empire, which was not published until ufttr 



