IM 



MAURICE OP NASSAU. 



MAURICE, REV, THOMAS. 



156 



of Astronomy, alike applicable to a fixed and 

 Obserratorr/ STO. Paris, 1743 or 1751 . Lyon, 1766. 

 read before the royal academies of France and Prussia,' 

 ICmo, Dresden, 1763. 'Memoir on the Moon's Parallax.' 1766. 

 ' Discourse on the different Forms of the Stars, with an Exposition of 

 the Syetome of Desoartes and Newton/ Svo, Paris, 1732 and 1741 'A 

 Latin inaogurJ nwtapbysioal Dissertation on the System of Nature,' 

 13mo.l7*l. The MOM in French, Berlin, 1754. 'Dissertation on 

 the White Negro,' STO, 1744. Elements of Geography/ STO, Paris, 

 1740. ' Elogc of Montesquieu,' Svo, 1766. ' Essay on Cosmology/ 

 STO, Berlin. 1760. ' KMT on Moral Philosophy,' Berlin, 1749 ; and 

 London, 1760. ' Disinterested Examination of the different Under- 

 takings for determining the Figure of the Earth,' Oldenburg, 17S8 ; 

 and AiiMterilsm. 1741. ' Examination of the three Dissertations pub- 

 lished by M. D*aguliers on the Figure of the Earth/ Oldenburg, 

 1738 (this book, by some attributed to MaupertuU, U supposed to 

 hare been written by the Count de Blent). ' The Figure of the 

 Earth, as determined by the Obeei rations of MM. MaupertuU, 

 Clairault, Camus, Le Monnier, Outhier, Celsius, &o., near the Polar 

 Circle,' Paris, STO, 1738. 'Letter to Madame de Vertillao,' Paris, 



. 'Letter to Euler/ . 'Letter of an English Clookmaker 



to an Astronomer of Pekin,' 12mo, 1740 (a humorous satire against 

 MM. de Caseini on the subject of the measurement of the meridian). 

 Letter upon the Comet' Paris, 1742. 'Letter on the Progress of 

 the Sciences,' Berlin, 1752. ' The Measurement of a Degree of the 

 Meridian between Paris and Amiens, determined by Picart, with the 

 Observations of MM. MaupertuU, Clairaut, Camus, and Le Monnier/ 

 Sro, 1740. Miscellaneous Works,' 12mo, Amsterdam, 1744. < Phi- 

 losophical Reflections on the Origin of Language and the Signification 

 of Words,' 12mo. ' A Method of superseding the action of the Wind/ 

 1753. 'Venus physique/ 1745 and 1777. The works of MaupertuU 

 were collected and published at Dresden, in 1762, 4to ; and at Lyon, 

 in 1754 and 1768, in 4 Tola. STO. Among hU memoirs in the Trans- 

 actions of the French Institute, hi* ' Balutic Arithmetic,' 1731, and on 

 elegant Commentary upon tho 12th section of the first book of the 

 ' PriwapU,' 1732, deeerve particular mention. 



(Zt/eo/Jfaeyerfitw, by Delambre, in the Biographic Univertette; 

 Montoola, Uutttr, dm Matk*matiq*ct, 4x.) 



MA UK, ST. There appear to have been two persons of this name : 

 one a disciple of St Benedict, who U mentioned in St. Gregory's 

 Dialogurs/ and who U said to have died in 684 ; the other, abbot of 

 Oknfanil. who lived till 640, and was a monk of the order of St. Co- 

 lomban, and not of St Benedict Of the former of these a Life U extant 

 in the great work of the BoUandUta. His day was the 16th of 

 January. 



MAURICE OF NASSAU. (NASSAU, Houu or.] 



' MAURICE, REV. FREDERICK DEN180N, M.A., a chief of one 

 of the partie< in the Church of England, and whose influence as an 

 intellectual leader is widely felt, not only in the church but in society 

 at large, was born in 1805, the son of a Unitarian minuter of high 

 repntetioo for intelligence and philanthropic zeal. Mr. Maurice was 

 sent at an early age to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he formed 

 an intimate friendship with the late John Sterling, a friendship which 

 Inetod through the whole of Sterling's life, and which was made closer 

 in the end by she marriage of the friends to two sisters. From 

 Trinity Collrge both Maurice and Sterling removed to the smaller cor- 

 poration of Trinity Hail; and here already the former began to exert 

 Iks* singular influence, partly intellectual and partly moral, upon all 

 who came near him, which has accompanied him throughout his 

 Being a Dissenter he was unable to take a degree, 

 id the usual examinations with the highest distinction. 



with the highest distinction. 

 in the college that not only was a fellowship 

 him, but, on bis declining it on the ground that he could not 

 bimerlf a ban* fide member of the Church of England by 

 . the artistes and so qualifying himself for the appointment, it 

 was proposed to him to keep his name on the college-books for a year 



t order that, if during that time 

 till take his degree and enjoy a 

 on the ground that, by holding 



cr two as a ooo-neideot _ 



Us scruple* vanished, he 



fellowship. This also bo 



out to bimerlf eoch a prospect, he would be subjecting hi, intellectual 



ktdepeodsMe to the risk of a temptation, and bribing bis conscience. 



Aoordtatlf, quitting Cambridge withe* a degree/he removed to 



fctoisfi ST "" ta <Uwl- "" 



the 



then 



Wkiah **"* 8urii ". *** friends 

 . tato thi. JoumU at it. eomrnesxmneot, itdid not sucosed com- 

 ! aod it was rseerred for Mr. Duke, who afterwards pur- 

 * It to its present position among British literary 

 >** *?" " ** WNU a novel of very 

 .oej.tM and .Mkm.; sbactor oHled 'Knstaoe Conyere.' Mean. 



"** "V OW1> w,* 1 " " d **"* ** iU P 1 **S*m into a 

 brm wh.ohebUd him eoneeie^ioody to become not only a member 



S_L^!!5^V <* * Ckuteh * ** With a peculiar 

 r he did not return to Cambridge to complete his 



? ** Omfon1 ' k * * "* * * 

 9 . "I-- "* *.* Chnroh of 



in oonnection with that church, and with the wants of modern British 

 society ha been his all-absorbiug stuiiy. 



The following is a list of his principal writings, omitting numerous 

 separate sermons and occasional tracts : ' The Doctrine of Sacrifice 

 Deduced from the Scriptures ; ' ' Lectures on the Ecclesiastical Hi-tory 

 of the First and Second Centuries ; ' ' Theological Kuays ; ' ' Pa- 

 triarchs nd Lawgivers of tho Old Tettament ; ' ' Prophets and Kings 

 of the Old Testament ; ' ' The Unity of the New Testament ; ' 

 'Christmas Day and Other Sermons;' 'On the Religion* of the 

 World ; ' ' On the Prayer Book ; ' ' The Church, a Family ; ' ' On the 

 Lord's Prayer ;' 'On the Sabbath;' and 'Law on the Fable of the 

 Bees.' Mr. Maurice was also a contributor to the ' Encyclui 

 Britannica,' from whose pages two works of his on the 'History of 

 Moral and Metaphysical Philosophy,' in ancient and in mediaeval times 

 have been republished. In all these writings, the theological and 

 ecclesiastical views expounded arc those of what has been named the 

 'Broad-Church' party, as distinguished from the other denomina- 

 tional sections of the Church of England. Since the death of 

 Dr. Arnold, indeed, Mr. Maurice has been a prominent leader and 

 adviser of this section of the Church of England, looked up to with 

 extraordinary veneration by all who have belonged to it, including 

 such men as the late Archdeacon Hare and Mr. King.-Ky. The 

 influence exerted by Mr. Maurice on such men has been partly through 

 his writings, partly personal and private ; and it is taid that 

 no man has come near him personally without contracting a very 

 unusual degree of respect for his moral and intellectual character. 

 It is Mr. Maurice's great idea that the Church of England ought 

 to grapple intellectually, in its theological aims and expositions, 

 with the most advanced forms of sceptical thought, in such a 

 manner as to evince a liberal sympathy with much that is non- 

 theological in its apparent aspect, in order the more surely to exhibit 

 the supremacy of religion over all ; it is also his idea that thu Church 

 of England, as an institution, ought to grapple with contemporary 

 forms of social evil, so as to exhibit Christianity as the true source of 

 every effective social amelioration. In carrying out these ideas he has 

 necessarily come into conflict with the views of others, both in and 

 out of the church. His orthodoxy ou various doctrinal points has 

 been questioned, and at no time more loudly than immediately after 

 the publication of his ' Theological Essays,' in which his language 

 respecting both the Atonement and the question of Eternal Punishment 

 was made the text of many attack". Aa the originator, or one of the 

 originators, of the Christian socialist movement, the design of which 

 was to break down the system of competitive labour, and elevate the 

 working classes by teaching them to associate together in little com- 

 panies, undertaking work in common, aud sharing the proceeds, Mr. 

 Maurice necessarily came in conflict with another set of antagonists. 

 In the midst of much controversy however, no one has everqueetioned 

 his ability, his zeal, or his single-miudedness. The only ecclesiastical 

 office he holds is that of chaplain to Lincoln's Inn, in which capacity 

 he preaches sermons which draw audiences as select as any in Lomiou. 

 Till recently he held a professorship of divinity in King's College, 

 London, but that office he vacated, in consequence of the objections 

 raised by the college authorities to the opinions advanced in liU 

 ' Theological 1'ssays.' Mr. Maurice is the founder and principal of 

 the Working Men's College, Red Lion Square, and during the lost few 

 years has devoted a great deal of time and energy to its manage- 

 ment He also takes great interest in the cause of female education. 

 But indeed there aro few social questions of importance to which 

 his sympathies do not extend. 



MAURICE, THE REV. THOMAS, was born about 1756, at Hert- 

 ford, where his father was then head-master of the Christ's Hospital 

 school. After his father's death the family was impoverished by an 

 unfortunate marriage of the widow : and his education proceeded 

 irregularly till Dr. Parr, on opening his school at SUnmoiv, was pre- 

 vailed ou to receive him as a pupil, and treated him with great 

 generosity and kindness. At the age of nineteen he was entered at 

 at John's College, Oxford, whence he removed m-xt year to University 

 College. After taking his degree of B.A., he was ordained by Hi-imp 

 Lowth ; and he held for some time the curacy of the large parish of 

 Woodford in Essex, which in 176 he resigned for u chapel at Eppiug, 

 in order to obtain greater leisure for study. Next year he married; 

 but his wife lived for no more than four yean. Ho had already 

 published a translation of the ' (Kdipua Tyrannus,' and several other 

 volumes of poems; and he long continued to publish volumes of 

 verses. But his turn for historical studies had been fostered at 

 University College by his distinguished tutor Lord Stowell ; and 

 before removing to Epping he had begun to concentrate his attention 

 on the history of India, for dealing with which he made proposal* in 

 1700 in a published letter addressed to the East India Directors. The 

 irreligious spirit of the French Revolution, alarming Mr. -Maurice's mind, 

 induced him to remodel his first work after it was nearly oomplntod, 

 and to devote a considerable proportion of it to dissertations on the 

 Hindoo mythology. His Indian Antiquities ' began to be published 

 in 1791, when two volumes appeared, in octavo : the rest wre brought 

 out at intervals, the completion of the work being mainly owing to 

 the liberality of tho Earl of Uarborough ; and the seventh and last 

 volume appeared in 1767. Meantime he had undertaken his ' History 

 of Hindustan/ the three, volumes of which, in quarto, were published 



