MAWMOI8IKE. WILLIAM PR. 



MAXIMINUS, CAIUS JULIUS. 



FteUw MlooM, *bo itybd ttMm 4 uU^>iMOpl deqwteb*^' in alliuioo 

 to th*lr military too*, and their imitation of UM style and manner of 

 Xapoleoo's boUttioa. 



After UM yhnlUon of Park on the 80th of March 1814, Manry 

 was deprirad by the Bourbon* of the administration of hi* diocote ; 

 aod in their rsaeolonnt for hi* adherence) to Napoleon's fortune they 



forgot his former darinr and powerful rapport of their tottering 

 tornoe II* then returned to Rome, where he was imprisoned during 

 one year by the orders of the pope; be was afterwards allowed to lire 

 in rrtiiMMOt on a pension which w.s given to him in compensation 

 for bis resignation of the fee of Monte-Fiancone. In this retirement, 

 deeply afleoud by the ingratitude of his former party and that of the 

 ponlift to whose fixation he bad been instrumental, be died on the 

 llth of May 1817. 



14 Notwithstanding his extraordinary eloquence," says the Duchess 

 of Abrantea, who knew him intimately, " the AbW Maury bad been 

 bcfuu the Revolution, what be was in proscription, wbst he continued 

 Oder the empire, a man of talent rather than a man of sense, and a 

 carat* of the time of the League rather than an abbd of the reign of 

 Louis XIV.' She adds that his figure wss in the highest degree 

 disesjrenshls, but the description she gives of it appear* rather a 

 caricature than a portrait. 



His principal work, ' Rasais sur 1'Eloquence de la Chair*,' 3 vols. 8vo, 

 publish*.! after his death by his nephew Louis Uiffrein Maury, itill 

 Oas.iate.ins its well-merited popularity. His mind wsa formed to ap- 

 preciate the eloquence of Maesillon, Boesoet, and Bourdaloue, and his 

 > on the other French divines are in general as correct as they 

 In his review however of English pulpit oratory, he 

 nt of acquaintance with the writings of our most cele- 

 brated preachers, such as Jeremy Taylor, Sherlock, and Barrow, and 

 he selects Blair as the beet model of English eloquence ; the comparison 

 which be draws between bun and Mastillon is necessarily most unfavour- 

 able to Blair. His own Panegyric of St Augustine is esteemed one of 

 the finest pieces of French pulpit eloquence. He is also supposed, 

 conjointly with 1' Abbe de Boismont, to be the author of a work entitled 

 ' Lettres sur 1'Ktat actuel de la Religion et du Clergii de France.' 



MAWM01S1NE, or MALVUIS1NE. WILLIAM DE, was bred in 

 France, and has been thought by some to have been a native French- 

 man. He afterwards came to Scotland, where be was made one of the 

 efsviri reyit, and archdeacon of St. Andrews, in which latter capacity 

 he was pnesent at the baptism of Prince Alexander, afterwards King 

 Alexander IL He was made chancellor of Scotland in August 1199, 

 ab"Ut which time also be was elected bishop of Glasgow, and conse- 

 crated the following year by special precept from the pope. (Fordun, 

 viii. 61.) In the year 1202 he was translated to the see of St. 

 Andrews, when he seems to have resigned the office of chancellor. 

 In September 1208, he dedicated a new cemetery kt Dry burgh Abbey, 

 (fbalm-, ' Caled.,' ii 83K.) He afterwards made a visit to the Con- 

 tinent ; and having returned, we find him and the bishop of Glasgow, 

 in 1211, possessed of legatine powers from Rome, and assembling at 

 Perth a gnat council of the clergy aod people, to press upon the nation 

 the pope s will and command th.t an expedition be undertaken to the 

 I .nd. In 1 2 1 4 be attended the coronation of King Alexander IL, 

 and it said to have set the crown upon the king's head. The next 

 year be went with the bishops of Glasgow and Moray and the mitred 

 abbot of Kelso to the Fourth Lateran Council, where the doctrines of 

 WtcliBe were condemned; and he seems to have remained abroad 

 till 1218. From the Continent he brought with him into this country 

 various orders of monks and mendicant*, till then unknown here, and 

 hod eooveoU of black Friars erected at Aberdeen, Ayr, Berwick, 

 Edinburgh, Elgin, Inverness. Montrose, Perth, and Stirling, and 

 oaoHeries for the monks of Valliscaulium at Plnacardine, Beaulieu, 

 aod Ardchattan. He wrote lives of the popish saints Ninian and 

 Kaotamrn. It was to him and in bis time that I'ope Innocent 111. 

 erot the decretal letters which we find in the ' Corpus Juris Canonici,' 

 to the king of ScoU, sod to the bishop, archdeacon, and abbot of St. 

 Andrews, respectively. But leal for the. cliurch was l.y no means thu 

 Mvlate's only passion ; for we find that on one occasion, noticed bv 

 Fordun (vtit ), be deprived Dunferuiline Abbey of the presentation 

 to two churches, because the monks had fsiled to provide him wine for 

 copper. Fordun add, that the monks bad indeed supplied wine, but 

 the bishop's own sttoodants bad drunk it all up. He continued bishop 

 of 8*. Andrew* till his death (Keith, Bishops '), which happened on 

 the *h of July 1238 (Chalm, 'CaUd./ iii. 018); and he is remembered 



ta ; A T^H t ^^?-^j* 7 ,<srf ^. o ... T .ith^ ii. 418,, 



. 



TIU8. hcs AURKLK-8 VALEKIUSWof Mui- 

 miaous, the colleagne of Diocletian in the empire, wss living in ob- 

 scurity when, after his fathers abdication, and the elevation of 

 CoMtaotiB* to the rank of C*ar, he became envious of the latter 

 and diii.lisiil with the neglect of Oalerius towards nim. Accordingly 

 iMrthred up a revolt among the pnrtorian soldiers st Rome, and was 

 A KM. Galertus, who was then in the East, 



J. the 



Urn. 



in toe mean tuoe Maitmianus. who lived in retirement in Campania, 

 proceeded to home, and was proclaimed emperor as colleague with his 

 .00, In 807. (Wveros,oo arriving with hi* troops new-Rome, was 

 1J most of hi* officers sod soldier*, who bad formerly served 



under Msximianun, and were still attached to their old general. Upon 

 this he retired to Ravenna, which be soon after surrendered to 

 Maximianus, on being promised bis life and liberty ; but Maximianus 

 put him to death. Maxiuuanus proceeded to Gaul to form an alliance 

 with Constantinua, leaving Maxentins at Rome. GaleriuR soon after 

 arrived in Italy with an army ; but not finding himself strong enough 

 to attack Maientius in Home, and fearing the same fate as that of 

 Severus, he made a precipitate retreat. Maximianua, returning to 

 Rome, reigned for some months together with his son, but afterwards 

 quarrelled with him, and took refuge with Galerina, who acknowledged 

 him as emperor. There were then no leas than six emperors, Galeriua, 

 Maximianus, Constantinus, Maxentius, Licinius, and Maximiniis Dazs. 

 In the following year, 809, Maxentius was proclaimed consul at Home, 

 together with his son, M. Aurelius Romulus, who in the next year was 

 accidentally drowned in the Tiber. Maxentius possessed Italy and 

 Africa ; but Africa revolted, and the soldiers proclaimed as emperor 

 an adventurer of the name of Alexander, who reigned at Carthage for 

 three years. In the year 311 Maxentius sent an expedition to Africa, 

 defeated and killed Alexander, and burnt Carthage. Proud of this 

 success, for which he had the honour of a triumph, Maxentiu* made 

 great preparations to attack Constantino, with whom he had till then 

 preserved the appearance of friendship. Conatantine moved from 

 Gaul into Italy, advanced to Rome, and defeated Maxentius, who was 

 drowned in attempting to swim his horse across the Tiber, iu 312. 

 FLAVIUB VALERIUS.] 



Coin of Maxentius. 

 British Museum. Actual size. Gold. 



MAXIMIA'NUS, GALE-RIUS VALE'RIUS, was remained Armen- 

 tarius, on account of having been a herdsman in his youth. The events 

 of hit life are narrated under DIOCLETIAN, CoMSTAjrnoa I., and Co- 

 STAXTINUS. According to the historians, he died (A.D. 311) of a loath- 

 some disease, which was considered by his contemporaries and himself 

 as a punishment from heaven for his persecution of the Christians. 



Coin of Galerina Valerius Maxlmianns. 

 British Mnseum. Actual air.c. 



MAXIMIA'NUS, MARCUS VALERIUS, a native of Pannonia, 

 born of obscure parents, served in the Roman armies with distinction, 

 and was named by Diocletian bis colleague in the empire, A.D. 286. 

 The remainder of his life is given under DIOCLETIAN, CO.VSTANTINE, 

 and MAXENTIUS. He was put to death at Marseilles, by order of 

 Constantino, for having conspired against his life, in 310. 



Colna of Marcu. Valerian Maxlmlannn. 



Drltlah Museum. Actual slue. 

 MAXIMILIAN. [TlAiwncno, Hot?s or] 



MAXIMI'M'S, CAIUS JULIUS VERUS, wa oririnally A Thrncian 

 shepherd. He was of gieantio size and prent bodily strength. He 

 entered the Unman army under Septitnius Severua, and was rapidly 

 advanced for his bravery. Alexander Severus gave him the command of 

 a new legion raised in Pannonia, nt the head of which lie followed 

 Alexander in his campaign against the Germans, when the army being 



