249 



MILLES, JEREMIAH. 



MILMAN, REV. HENRY HART, D.D. 



250 



doubt from oxidation, while the platinum pounds were found to be 

 unaltered. Professor Miller therefore decided, with the approval of 

 the Commissioners, to base his restoration of the standard pound on 

 the platinum pounds only* 



The practical results of the operations thus conducted will be found 

 in the Commissioners' Report of March 28, 1854, already cited; arid 

 on the 24th of April last (1856) the first part of a paper by Professor 

 Miller, ' On the Construction of the Imperial Standard Pound, and its 

 Copies of Platinum ; and on the Comparison of the Imperial Standard 

 Pound with the Kilogramme des Archives,' was read before the Hoyal 

 Society. An abstract of it has appeared in the ' Proceedings,' vol. viii., 

 and the paper itself will doubtless be published in the ' Philosophical 

 Transactions.' This paper contains the whole of the particulars of 

 the weighings required to effect the object ; and the series of operations 

 described, especially those of weighing itself, for patient attention, 

 care and delicacy of manipulation, and the exquisite adaptation to the 

 object, of the resources of science, the knowledge of the philosopher 

 and the skill of workmen, are perhaps unrivalled in the history of 

 science. 



Professor Miller accordingly prepared a Troy pound, by the use of the 

 old platinum pounds, representing, with all the accuracy commanded 

 by the process of weighing adopted, but with a very small assigned 

 error, the weight in air (which may be considered as the commercial 

 weight) of the lost standard. By means of this, five platinum avoir- 

 dupois pounds, or pounds of 7000 grains, were prepared. One of 

 these, marked PS1S44 lib., being compared with the representative 

 of the Troy pound, it was found that in air of the temperature 65'66 

 Ftthr., under the pressure of 29750 inches of mercury, PS=0'6341 

 grain + j'V; x lost standard ; and this may be considered as the com- 

 mercial weight of PS. Or, assuming that PS and the lost standard 

 are compared in vacuo, PS=7000'000238 grains, of which the lost 

 standard contained 57tiO ; which may be considered as the philoso- 

 phical weight of PS. The commissioners finally recommended that 

 1'S should be adopted as the parliamentary standard of one pound, 

 which it was shortly afterwards declared by the legislature to be, in 

 the statute 18 & 19 Viet., cap. Ixxii. The other four pounds, of 

 which that which varies least from PS exceeds it in weight only 52 

 ten-thousandths of a grain, while that which varies most from it is 

 deficient in weight only 314 ten-thousandths of a grain, have been 

 adopted by the same authority as parliamentary copies. P S is 

 deposited in the office of the Exchequer at Westminster. Professor 

 Miller has since been engaged in the preparation of thirty secondary 

 copies of the pound, and in preparing the 10 Ibs. weight, the various 

 Troy weights, and the kilogramme. 



MILLES, JEREMIAH, dean of Exeter, was the son of Jeremiah 

 Milles, and nephew to Dr. Thomas Milles, bishop of Waterford and 

 Lidmore. Bishop Milles left his fortune to bis nephew Jeremiah, who 

 was born in 1 7 1 4, and educated at Eton. He afterwards went to Corpus 

 Christi College, Oxford, where he took the degree of M.A. in 1735, and 

 thut of D.D. iu 1747. His uncle collated him to a prebend in the cathe- 

 dral of \Vaterford, and presented him to a living near that city, which he 

 held but a short time, choosing to reside in England. Upou his return 

 he married Edith, the daughter of Archbishop Potter, through whose 

 means be obtained the united rectories of St Edmund the King and 

 St. Nicholas Aeon, in Lombard-street, with that of Merstham in 

 Surrey, and the sinecure rectory of West Tarring in Sussex. In 1762 

 Dr. Milles was nominated to the deanery of Exeter, on the advance- 

 ment of Dr. Charles Lyttleton to the see of Carlisle, whom he also 

 succeeded as President of the Society of Antiquaries in 1769. In the 

 'Archaeologia' are several communications by him particularly one 

 entitled 'Observations on the Wardrobe Account of the Year 1483, 

 wherein are contained the Deliveries made for the Coronation of King 

 Richard the Third, and some other particulars relating to that 

 Monarch;' and another (' Arcbicol.,' vol. iv. pp. 331-346), in which 

 he joined the Abbe* Barthdlemy in denying the genuineness of the 

 Apaniwan medal. Mr. Gough informs us that, while dean of Exeter, 

 he formed a large collection of materials for the ' History of Devon- 

 shire.' His most unsuccessful literary attempt was to vindicate the 

 authenticity of Rowley's Poems, in an edition which he printed, in 

 4to, in 1782. The dean died February 13, 1784. 



H1LLIN, AUDIN-LOU1S, an eminent French antiquary, who suc- 

 ceeded liarthdlemy en keeper of the antiquities and medals in the 

 Royal Library at Paris, was born iu 1758. His ' Dictionnaire des 

 Beaut Arts,' ' Dictionnaire de la Fable,' 'Monumens Antiques," and 

 ' Galerie My thologique,' are all useful contributions towards archaeology 

 au<l the fine arts. Besides these works, his 'Magasiu Eucyclopddique,' 

 which he carried on for twenty years without seeking any profit from 

 it, was a highly valuable literary journal, and may now be regarded as 

 a repository containing much important information. To the above 

 may be added his ' Voyage dans les Ddpartdmens du Midi do la 

 France,' ' Voyage dans la Savoie,' and ' Voyage dans le Milanais." 

 These works possess a permanent interest on account of the historical 

 and antiquarian matter which they contain. He died August 14th, 

 1818. 



MILLINGEN, JAMES, an eminent English archaeologist, was born 



[.don, on the 18th of January 1774. His father, who was a 



Dutch merchant, placed him at an early age at Westminster School ; 



the boy showed a groat partiality to everything connected with ancient 



coins, having frequent opportunities of seeing a good collection in tho 

 house of one of his father's friends. His principal study in his leisure 

 hours was the science of war, and he was anxious to enter the army 

 in the engineer department; but as he was suffering from asthma, hia 

 father determined to send him from Westminster to ono of the uni- 

 versities. However, the French revolution, which broke out at the 

 time, changed his plans ; for Millingen's father, an enthusiastic 

 admirer of liberty, which seemed to dawn upon Europe, and to have 

 chosen France as its favoured abode, went to reside at Paris, where 

 his son James was received as a clerk in a banking-house. But as his 

 new pursuits were not to his taste, he devoted all his leisure hours in 

 the study of such works as Vaillaut, Beauvois, Knkerton, and Poly- 

 bius ; and his savings Were spent in the purchase of ancient coins, of 

 models of cannon, pontoons, and other materiel of war, until after some 

 time he obtained au employment better suited to his pursuits, and 

 was appointed to the mint. In this capacity he became acquainted 

 with several men of distinction and archaeologists, among wliom we 

 may notice the Abbe Barthe'le'rny, brother of the well-known author of 

 the ' Voyage du Jeune Anacharsis en Grece,' the geographer Barbie" 

 du Bocage, Walckenaer, D'Aumont, and others. The happy days 

 which he spent in such company however were not of long duration, 

 for when the National Convention ordered tho confinement of every 

 British subject until the peace, the young archaeologist was arrested in 

 the dead of night and conveyed to prison. His father, being a Dutch- 

 man, escaped incarceration, but he was ordered to quit Paris under 

 the surveillance of the police. In the Prison des Ecossais, James 

 MilUngen became acquainted with Charles Este and Sir Robert Smith, 

 who, after their liberation, established a banking-house at Paris, iu 

 which James Millinguu became a partner. Shortly afterwards au 

 event occurred which opened to Millingeu a wide field of speculation. 

 Some labourers, who were working in a field near Abbeville, discovered 

 a Roman entrenchment, and dug up several earthen vessels filled with 

 gold coins of Roman emperors down to Septimius, Severus, Caracalla, 

 and Qeta : most of them were in a most excellent state of preservation, 

 and some were extremely scarce. Millingeu purchased them at the 

 value of their weight, and soon after disposed of them iu France and 

 England to great advantage. From various circumstances the house 

 in which Millingeu was a partner failed, and he was thus thrown upon 

 his own resources. His perfect knowledge of coins and the relics of 

 ancient art had in the meantime made his name known throughout 

 Europe, and he would now have returned to England, but his 

 asthmatic constitution rendered it necessary for him to reside in a 

 southern climate, where he enjoyed comparative good health. During 

 the last twenty-four years of his life he resided in Italy, at first in 

 Rome and Naples, but latterly his permanent abode was Florence. 

 He made occasional visits to Paris and London, where his arrival was 

 always hailed by archaeologists, as he was always the bearer of some 

 precious relic of aucient art. In 1845 he resolved to return to 

 England, with a view of settling in London, when he was attacked by 

 a severe catarrhal affection. At first he thought little of his illness, 

 and wrote several letters even the day before hia death, but on the 1st 

 of October he died without a struggle, at the age of seventy-two, 

 more from the effect of exhaustion than of disease. 



What Millingeu has done for practical archaeology is of the highest 

 importance, for there scarcely ever was a man of such experience, 

 tact, and critical sagacity in antiquarian matters. The amount of 

 knowledge which he possessed was a treasure which will not soon be 

 found in one person. The following is a list of Millingen's works : 



1, 'Recueil de Quelques Mc'dailles Grecques inedites," 4to, Rome, 1812, 



2, ' Peintures Antiques ine'dites de Vases Grecs,' large folio, Rome, 

 1813, with 63 plates; 3, 'Medallic History of Napoleon,' 4to, London, 

 1819, to which a supplement was published in 1822, with 74 plates: 

 the same work was also published by the author in French; 4, 'Ancient 

 Coins of Greek Cities and Kings," 4to, London, 1821, with figures ; 

 5, 'Ancient unedited Monuments of Grecian Art,' 2 vols. 4to, London, 

 1822 and 1826; 6, 'Remarks on the State of Learning and the Fine 

 Arts in Great Britain,' 8vo, London, 1831 ; 7, ' Sylloge of Ancient 

 Unedited Corns,' 4to, London, 1837, with figures ; 8, ' Considerations 

 sur la Numismatique de 1'Ancieune Italie,' and a supplement, Florence, 

 1841 and 1844, with two plates. Besides these greater works, there 

 are a considerable number of essays on antiquarian subjects by 

 MilUngen, in the ' Aunali ' and the ' Bulletino ' of the Archaeological 

 Institute of Home, and in the ' Transactions ' of the Royal Society of 

 Literature of London. 



(domical Museum, part xi. p. 91, &c.) 



*MILMAN, REV. HENRY HART, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's Cathe- 

 dral, was born February 10, 1791, in London. He is the youngest sou 

 of Sir Francis Milman, 1st baronet, who was physician to George III., 

 and is brother to Sir William George Milman. He was educated at 

 Dr. Burney's academy at Greenwich, at Eton College, and at Brazenose 

 College, Oxford, where he took his degrees of B.A. and M.A., and of 

 which he was elected a fellow. In 1812 he received the Newdegate prize 

 for his English poem on the Apollo Belvedere. In 1815 he published 

 ' Fazio, a Tragedy,' which was performed with success at Coveut Garden 

 Theatre, nt a period when theatrical managers seized upon a published 

 play, and produced it without an author's consent. Mr. Milman could 

 not even enforce the proper pronunciation of the name of ' Fazio." He 

 took holy orders in 1817, and was appointed vicar of St. Mary's, 



