*: 



MITHRIDATH8 VI. 



KQAA 



IN 



of Ilithvnia. TlM two ex|*lkd kings applied to the Romans for 

 M>i>tuu. who it instated them to their kingdoms, ud sent an army, 

 mdwr the ~m>TBTKl of Aquilius, to support them. A war with the 

 BMMUM was BOW inevitable, and Mithridates conduct- d it with the 

 BMtaat vi< our. The Koman annioa were defeated one after another ; 

 AqtuliM wma taken prieoner, and put to death by having melted gold 

 pomt down hi* throat ; and in B.C. 83 the whole of AaU Minor waa 

 ill Ike hand* of Mithridatrs. In the MM year be commanded all 

 Roman* to leave the country; but before they could do ao, they 

 were laasaartrrd by the inhabitants of the different province, of Alia 

 Minor, to the Bomber, it ia eaid. of 80,000. Whether this maaaane 

 took place by the command of Mithridate*. or was occasioned by the 

 hatred which the Atiatics bore toward* the Romans, is doubtful. The 

 islands in the Grecian Archipelago followed the example of the coun- 

 trite on the mainland. Athena also submitted to his power, together 

 with srreral other places ia Greece. The HhodiiDn, the only people who 

 offered him any rigorous resistance, were attacked, but without success. 



In B.C. 87, Sulla armed in Greece, and immediately commenced the 

 sitf* of Athena, which waa taken on the 1st of March in the following 

 year. Sulla followed up this success by the defeat of Archelaus, the 

 geaeral of MitbridsKs, near Charonee, and shortly afterwards by 

 anther victory near Orchomcnus. During the su'ccesrce of Sulla in 

 Orteoe, the party of Marina had obtained the ascendancy in Home ; 

 and rlaccua, who had been consul with Cinna, was sent to succeed 

 Sulla in the command. Flaccua however was put to death by Fim- 

 bria, his lieutenant general, an unprincipled man, but who possessed 

 considerable military talents, and prosecuted the war against Mitliri- 

 datea ia Asia with treat success. The victories of Fimbrin, and the 

 irtate of parties at Rome, made Sulla anxious for pesos, which waa at 

 1- n.-tli agreed upon (&0, 84) on condition that Mithridatea should 

 abandon all hie conqursts in Asia, and restore Bithynia to Nicomcdes, 

 ud Capjdoria to A riobanaoes. 



Hut this war was scarcely 6niihed before Mithridates was aeain 

 involved in hostilities with the Romans. Mithridates had collected a 

 large army to carry on war against the Colchi Murana, who com- 

 mando) in Asia, perceiving or pretending to perceive a disposition in 

 Mithridates to renew the war, seized the opportunity of enriching 

 himself, and, without any authority from the senate or Sulla, invaded 

 the dominions of Mithridates, and collected imich plunder. Mithri- 

 datee, having in tain complained to the senate, collected an army to 

 dffei d his dominions, and completely defeated Muncna on the banks of 

 the Halys. Hut as Sulla was displeased with Muncna for having 

 attacked Mithridatca, the peace was renewed, and thus an open 

 rupture waa avoided for the present 



During the next eight years Mithridatea employed himself in 

 making preparation! for a renewal of the war ; and in B.C. 75 he broke 

 tbc treaty which exintrd between him and the Romans by the invasion 

 * Bithynia. Lucullus wu appointed to the command, B.C. 74, and 

 eoaimrncrd the campaign by besieging Cyzicus, a city on the Pro- 

 powtis, which had been supplied by Mithridates with every description 

 of military stores. In the following year Mithridates made an effort 

 to relieve the town, but was defeated by Lucullus, and obliged to 

 retire to I'ontns. He waa soon after followed by LucuUua, and 

 havicf lost another battle at Cabin, on the borders of Pontus and 

 inh.Tnia, be fled into Armenia to bis son-in-law Tigranes. His own 

 son Marbares, who had been appointed king of the wild tribes on the 

 eeeUrn shores of the Euxiae, refused to awi.t his father, tuid provided 

 for his own safety by making peace with Lucullus. 



Coin of Mltl.ri.1itM. 

 Brhbli Mawum. Actnal !<. Silver. 



.J*i!!? > .rCS" J WM ""P^T M~**\ by Lucullus, during 



^^r^L*^!^ "*" bU ""^ Ti ~~^ "Web 3 

 aeon aTVr takm b* the orarjueror. In the following year Tiarsnes 



'- defeat*! togrthcr will, Mithrid.t... mnr A^.taTbut 



. . ^ . ^.. . .,., ***** he might have 'don. 

 .. the mutinous disposition of his 

 I. . .J wa, thus TnaMed to collect tinoilinr 



^y willin.! optWtio. ; and bavin, ntsjtW to Pontua, hTd.fa.tod 

 the ROCMO (.Mral Tri^u^ witTth. lo. of 70(K) Ven, before 

 Uo.Ua. -"sMia-eh to hi. -anstanee, Thi. victor, wXllowed 

 S't^fc^'!.!^.*'?!'^' - b !"!d .*<> -utho- 



fcy 





 war. Hut the power of Mithri- 



to it. foundation; and oa the appointment of 



Pompey to the command, B.C. 66, the war was soon brought to an end. 

 V i'li' idstes was defeated on the banks of the Euphrates; and in con- 

 sequence of Tigranes having submitted to Pompey, he fled to the bar- 

 barous tribes dwelling to the north of Caucasus, who received him 

 with hospitality and promised him support. The spirit of Mithri- 

 dates had not yet been broken by adversity ; and ho purposed, with 

 the assistance of the Colohi and Scythians, to carry into execution a 

 plan which be is said to bavo formed in bis earlier years, uuiely, of 

 marching through Thracia and Macedonia, and invading Italy from 

 the north. But these pi ma were frustrated by the plots of Lis eldest 

 son Phaniaces, who gained over the army to his side, and deprived 

 his father of the throne. Unwilling to fall into the hands .of the 

 Romans, MithridaUs put an end to his own life, u.c. 03, at the ago of 

 68 or 69, after a reign of fifty-seven years. 



(Appian, Milhridatic War; Strabo ; Livy, EpUamet ; Plutarch, 

 Lift* of Sulla and Lttcullta ; Justin ; VelleiusJ Paterculus ; Clinton, 

 t'vuli Jlil'rnici ; vol. iiL, Appemlix 8, 'Kings of 1'outus.') 



MITSCHEKL1CH. ElLAJtD, professor of Chemistry in the Uni- 

 versity of Berlin. Uo was born on the 7th of January 17;*4, at 

 Neuredo, near Jever, where his father was a clergyman. He received his 

 early education at the Gymnasium at Jcver. In 1811 he commenced 

 his studies at the University of Heidelberg, where he devot d himself 

 to history, philology, and the Oriental languages. In 1813 he studied 

 in Paris, and in 1814 went to Goltingen. He now turned hi atU ntiou 

 to geology and chemistry. He was the first to draw attention to the 

 fact that two bodies having the same composition could assume 

 different forma. This attracted the notice of Berzelius, who gave 

 the name of ' Isomeriam ' to the new law discovered by II iUcherlich. 

 After thi Mitschrrlich proceeded to Stockholm, where he studied 

 with Benelius till 1821, when be was appointed Professor of Chemistry 

 in the University of Berlin. Hi* great work is his ' Manual of 

 Chemistry,' in 4 vols. This work was commenced in ItiiU and 

 fiuUhed in 1833. It has gone through many editions, and is regarded 

 as one of the most valuable of the numerous recently-produced intro- 

 ductions to the science of chemistry. The especial character of this 

 work ia the way in which it tivats of the principles of chemical science 

 from s physical and mathematical poiut of view. The high< st prai-e 

 that perhaps can be giren to Professor Mitscherlich is th.it he ia the 

 moat distinguished and worthy of the disciplts of the great Uerzelius. 



MOAB, the son of Lot by his elder daughter (Genesis zix. 37), 

 and founder of the MOABITKS. The Moabites were consequently 

 related to the Ammonites, wilh whom we find them closely connected 

 in their subsequent history. The earliest account* represent them as 

 dwelling in the country on the east of the Dead Sea and the river 

 J..r.i;iii, on both banks of the river Arnon (\\ady Modjeb), from 

 which they had 'driven out the Kmiiu, who were said to be a tribe of 

 giants. (Cent. ii. 11 ; Gen. xiv. 5.) The plains on the east of the 

 Jordan near its mouth were called from them the 1'laius of Moab. 

 (Numb. ixii. 1; Josh. xiii. 32; Dent, zxxiv. 1, S.) Before the 

 invasion of Canaan by the Israelites they had been dispossessed by 

 the Amorites of the country north of the Arnon, which was thence- 

 forth their northern boundary. (Numb. xxi. 13, iC; xxii. 36; Judgi-a 

 xi. 18.) At the division of Canaan among the tribes of 1-iutl this 

 tract of country was given to Reuben and Uad. 



By the command of God, the Israelites left Moab in undisturbed 

 possession of their country. (Deut. ii. 9 ; Judges xi. 15, Is ; 2 Chron. 

 xx. 10.) But while the Israelites, after conquering the Amorites, were 

 encamped in the Plains of Moab, ISalak, the king of Moab, scut for 

 the prophet Balaam to curse them. (Nuiub. xxii.-xxiv. i Itihuim 

 found liimself compelled by a divine impulse to bless thu people 

 whom he meant to curse, but was more successful in seducing 

 to the licentious worship of Baal-peor by means of the cUu-hters of 

 Moab. (Numb. xxv. 1 ; xxxi. 1G; Rev. ii. 14.) For this ollencc, and 

 for neglecting to awist the Israelites on their inarch, the Moabites 

 were excluded from the congregation of God to the tenth generation. 

 (Deut xxiii. 3, 4 ; Nehem. xiii 1, 2.) 



In the time of the Judges, Moab, in league with the children of 

 Animon and Amalek, invaded the land of the Israelites, and ruled 

 over them for eighteen years. They were at last delivered by Kim I, 

 who assassinated Kglon, the king of Moab. (Judges iii. 12-30.) After 

 this time it appears from the book of Uuth that there was a period of 

 friendly intercourse between the two nations. Saul warred against 

 Moab (1 Sam. xiv. 47), and David made them tributary to Israel. 

 (2 Sam. ii. 8.) Th- tribute which they paid consisted of sheep and 

 lambs. (2 Kings iii. 4.) After the partition of the kingdom we find 

 Moab subject to the king of Israel, against whom they rebelled after 

 the death of Abab, in B.C. 81'7. (2 Kings i. 1 ; iii. 0; and I. xvi. 1.) 

 Jehoram, the sou of Ahab, assisted by Jehoshaphat, king of . 

 defeated them in a great battle, but failed to subdue them. (2 Kin.'o 

 iii. 6-27.) Soon after this Moab, with the Ammonites and other 

 nations, invaded Judah, but the invaders quarrelk d among theocelves 

 and destroyed each other. (2 Chron. xx.) In the reign of Jua-Oi, 

 about n. c. 838, the Moabites again made incursions upon Israel. 

 (2 Kings xiii. 20.) It is iat after the tribes of Reuben ;uid 



tlad had been oarrird captive by Tiglathpileeer (about ac. 740), the 

 Moahite* recovered the country they had formerly poeaessed north of 

 the Arnon, for Isaiah (xv., xvi.) speaks of towns of tha Moabites in 

 that district ; but from the same prophecy it would appear that they 



