" , ; ... ,i 



MONRO, ALEXANDER, M.D. 



ted by his own personal know- 

 art* never M is nit hi* ear* or 



av*jht ka*e to fearer to p*M 



ledf* Ik* BUBMIXM** *pU* who** report* 



aasMk.- Monk, wko wa* (l5i) ooo of tk* commu*iour* for tk* 



of Sootbad. aow atood in a *ry ouriou* position : for 



_, b* wa* tk* areat and ooaodant of Cromwell, k* w*i also tk* 

 a*pe~*d favwwriU of tke royalirt*. It wai always kU care in advo- 

 avta*; ae caae* of une party to five a* little offao* a poesible to 

 tkat to wkick k* was opposed. Tkat ka might not commit hiuistlf, 

 ke wa* *il.at wkeu apeaktaf wa* aot absoluuiy neceeatry ; when Iu 

 wa* forced to peak. k* did so witk caution aad artful duplicity. A 

 Utter wkiok Ik* king wrote to kirn expnesiv* of confidence, Monk 

 forwarded to CromwJl ; but notwithstanding tki* apparent devotion, 

 tke PrvUctor feared kim, and used variou* expedients for neutralising 

 k power. 



After Olivav Cromwell's death, wkea Hiohard Cromwell was pro- 

 claimed protector in Edinburgh, many exclaimed, iu allu.ion to 

 Monk." Why aot ralhr 'Old Ueorg*! but Monk would neither 

 actuate tk* power nor attack kimself to any party. The new Pro- 

 tector'* friend* offered kim 20,0u0t a year for hi* support ; but, avari- 

 cHMt* a* a* was, ke would make no eagagemeut : hi* policy was to 

 reader himaelf on objeot of importance to all parties, and through ki* 

 dupUeily he tape-ended in being treated with by all. Wheu at length 

 eircuBeteaoM compiled him to act, he declared for the parliament 

 against ta* army, and decided upon marching to London. There 

 won* many, *vn at the time when he thu* declared himself, wko 

 alleaeUier dietmdited ki* sincerity, and believed him to be at heart a 

 rujauo, ttekiag to restore the king at toon a* U might be done with 

 safety : and tke re it raeon to suppose thai he bad already determined 

 to promote tke lUstoration. W* give Mr. Uallam's opiui. 



give Mr. tiallam* opinion on tl.U 

 point- ( Coait. Hist.' ii. 8*4.). " I Mcliae, upon tke whole, to believe 

 tkal Monk, not accustomed to Mapeot the Uuuip parliament, and iu- 

 Tirt. L K bosk by hi* temperament and by tk* course of kia life, of any 

 ealhu-iasui fr tke name of liberty, had satisfied kimself as to the 

 expodwacy of tke kiMg't restoration from Ik* time tkat the L'rom wells 

 kad sunk i.tlow hi* power to aesUt tkeui ; though his project* were 

 still aubserviant to ki* own atcurity, which ke was resolved not to 

 forfeit by any premature declaration or uiuuco saful enterprise." The 

 )ow<.r of Lambert aud the army wa* now rapidly demolished. Fair- 

 fax, tke city of London, the fleet, aud the governor of Portsmouth, 

 all declared against them, and Monk'* party gained the ascendancy in 

 Ireland. Every office and every command Monk filled with friends 

 whom k* could trust ; it was observed that many of th.se persons 

 wcie royalist*, yt Monk still persevered in protesting for the parlia- 

 ment and a commonwealth. Tke expectation of tke Restoration was 

 souienbat geu. ral, but, if there were any, th* number was small who 

 aaaparited tkrougk whose sgenoy it would be brought to pass. 



VVken Monk arrived iu London ke was lodged iu the apartment* of 

 tk* prino* of Vale*. U* addr***d the parliament, wa* iuvited to 

 kia place (beta, was mod* a member of the council of state, 

 ' with tk* executive power. Witk hi* usud address, he 

 > use the power of his army t* a means of awing parlia- 

 ment, and tk* assertion of duty owed to the parliament as a mean* of 

 enateallieg kis anuy. At length tke ' Hump ' became to unpopular, 

 aad tk* cries of a free parliament so loud, tkat the city of London 

 Mraetrl tk* payment of taxe*. Monk obeyed an order from the psr- 

 UaaMtit to uarok iuto tke city and sukdu* it : but kit subasrvieooe to 

 UMU did aot la*t king. He seat them a hank letter, ordering them 

 ia>m*itiUly to fill up tk* vacant noata, axing a tune for tfceir dissolu- 

 tion, and tk* 6tk of May for the election of a new aad free parliament, 

 Tke reetored awaken aepoiated kim gaoeral of tk* force* of EugUnd, 

 Baotlaad. aad Ireland ; and tk* rokuoaua, as a last rawuroe, listened 

 to kk ouatiaued proteaaUion* ag>ust tke kin*, th* House of Lords, 

 *ad ta* badMiM, aad allied theu-.lv,. to kim. Every day ki* per- 

 wwa* iotreaaed) k* wa* oHeied tk* protectorate, wkick he 

 d ; o>rtl*uing tk* line of conduct k* kad always followed, 

 "taat b to lay, (teflfest in varying kie language according to tke 

 dividual ke gave ao handle to any definite o|iaioas witk respect to 

 huaeeU." Tke txpaotelion of tke Baitoration daily inoreawd, and 

 eocaeiBdicatiau iu tkeooodu*tof Moak, who wa* gradually dismissing 

 I iwmoving objects tkat mifbt prove obnoxious to the king, 

 I pMaly tkat tat *v*at wa* not far distant. 

 AtkMirektk*awMwatbroofbttoaclo*a. Monk ree^ved Sir John 

 QnaafiU*, tk* king'* m Hunger, and having read tk* deepatokee, aad 

 ajiaed to ki* rrtora, dinoted tk* nunner in wkick k* wished it to 

 U aroafat about. Tk* king, by Monk * advice, went from Brusaels 

 to Brad*, aad Sir Joan Urattvui*. on tke 1st of May, returned witk 

 baton to tk* new paruataeat drawn up a* Moak d*sir*d, aud tk* 

 kia*; wa* iu>a>ediauly ackaowledgwl aud proclaiawd. On tk* 23rd 

 c f May, Moak revived aim on tk* beaok at Dover, was embraced by 



kw. aad tiii t witk great ancetioa. He kad a grant of money, 



together witk maay oaten and titlas, of wkick tke principal was tke 

 Dak* ol Albeenari*. 



After Ik* iK.r.tin. Monk retided prindpaUy in Loadoo, with hi. 

 -i. .a. tk* laashiagHrtock of tk. court, and gave general 

 Hit (Iwf,wM.7a,eW) la 1 tot Monk pr**i4ed at tk* Aduorahy. 

 la 1 W4, wk<a, on account of tk* plagu., tk* evart left Loadon, k* 

 fW.ra*d tk* uty, braved all danger, aad, a* far a* k* wa. abb, pro- 

 vided far all amtgmtiet and Hnll*d all oonfuatoa. In 1M6 a* eont. 



manded tke leei wilh 1'rinee Kupert, engaged the Dutch, and gaiaw) 

 credit lor hit courage. On his return hi. health failed, aad he died of 

 dropsy on tko Srd of Jauuary 17U. lie was buried iu Westminster 

 Abksy, in Heury VlL'a chapel : tke kiag atteudeJ the funorai U* 

 was succeeded in hit title* by Ckrktopaar kw son, who married Lady 

 Kluaboth Cavendish, granddaufater of tke Duke of Newcastle, and 

 died cl.ilill.-es. 



Monk kad considerable capacity for civil as well as military govern- 

 ment : tk* former ke proved in Scotland, tko Utter iu all hiscaoipaigni. 

 lie hal the faculty of gaining tke good-will and confidence of tke 

 troops and sailors tkat he commanded, with whom DO man was more 

 popular than "Old Uvorge." He had a remarkable power of 

 advancing his fortune* witk the prevailuuc party, without giving 

 oUeuce to those that might supplaut them. He was silent and cautious, 

 shrewd and phlegmatic : lie was profoundly skilled in dissimulation, 

 ever dissembling, treacherous, and false. " He was a mau capable of 

 groat things," say* M. QoUot, " though ho bad uo greatness of soul." 



(Skinner, Life of Honk ; Uuizot, Mcmoirt of Monk, ably edited by 

 tke late Lord Whuriu lillo ; Maseree' Tract*; Pepya and Kvitlyn, 

 Mtuuirt ; Hsllaui, Cuiut. Ui*i. ; Macaulay, Jlat. of Enyland.) 

 MONMDUTH, DUKK OK. (CIIABI.BI II.; JAMES 11.] 

 MONNOYKU, JEAN BAPTIST!-:, a very celebrated fruit aad 

 flower paiutor, wu born at Lille, in liVj.".. lie was educated as an 

 historical painter at Antwerp, but ke afterwards adopted flower- 

 puintiog and went very early to Paris, where ke was noticed mid 

 employed by Le Bran, and in 1665 was elected a member of the 

 French Academy of Painting. He was employed by Le lirun iu the 

 deoor4tion of the palace of Versailles, iu which he painted uiiny 

 festoons of flowers and other similar piece*. It was owing to tke 

 beauty of these works that ke was invited, about 16SO, to Luu.lou by 

 tk* Uuko of Montague, then English ambassador at Paris, to decorate 

 Montague House (tke jate British Museum) in a similar manner ; aad 

 the frio and beautiful dower decorations of this palace, which U now 

 pulled down, must still be fresh in tke recollections of many. 



Mounoyer painted in many other noblemen's bouses in Luudou and 

 at other places ; at Burlington House, at Lord Carlisle's, at Hampton 

 Court, and at the Duke of Si Albau's at Wiud-or. One of his most 

 remarkable works U a looking-glass painted iu Kensington Palace for 

 Cjuecu Mary, who took such delight iu seeing hiui paint that she spent 

 nearly all the time that he wai at work in wstchiug him. There are 

 fourteen flower-pieces by Mounoyer, or BaptUte as he is now com- 

 monly called iu England, iu the apartment named George 11. 's private 

 chamber, at Hauiptou Court. Mounoyer was commonly slyled ' the 

 flower-painter ' iu England iu his owu lifetime. He paid a few visit* 

 to Paru after his first arrival iu London, but his permanent abode 

 waa in London, where he died in lii'jy, and was buried in St. JaiueVa. 

 The French ofieuded him by allowing hi* son-in-law, who was a painter 

 and living at Paris, to touch and alter some of his work*. 



Monuoyer's stylo, though not by far BO rniuute or highly finished as 

 llmt of Van Huysurn, is more free and brilliant, yet equally true and 

 effective. His selection of flowers, his grouping, hU colouring, and 

 light and shade, and touch, ore all equally excellent : his works in 

 their perfect condition must have almost rivalled nature herself. 

 Tbo brilliancy of his colouring U extraordinary. Ha was particularly 

 foud of grouping roses, poppies, peonies, tulips, aud a few white (lowers 

 together iu a marble Vase, and there are several etchings of suck 

 groups by bis owu hand : the vases are placed on pedestala or tables. 

 His best works are in this country. The prints after his work* 

 amount to about SO, aud moke a good folio volume : his owu etching* 

 are marked J. Baptiste, sculpt., whence probably his uow common 

 name of Baptist*. Hit sou ANTOINE MO.NNOIKK, likewise a good 

 flower-painter, waa called the younger BaptUte iu England. Tuero u> 

 a jiortr^it of Mounoyer engraved by White froiu u picture by Sir 

 Godfrey Kueller. 



MOXKt i. ALI.XANJDER. M.U., was born in 1697. Ho was a pupil 

 of Ckewddeu, and afterwards studied at Paris, and under Loerhoave 

 at Leydec. In 1718 k returned to Edinburgh, wher* his father 

 practised as a surg. on, and in the following year was appointed Pro- 

 fessor of Anatomy to the Company of Surgeons. He *oou after, iu 

 conjunction witk JJr. Alston, commenced giving public Kctures on 

 anatomy, and thus laid the foundation of a school of medicine in 

 Edinburgh, which wa< soon attached to the university. It was also 

 at tke suggestion and under the direction of Dr. Mouro tkat the 

 Koyal Infirmary of Edinburgh was established, iu which he delivered 

 cliuical lecturet on surgery, Dr. Rutherford ut th sauie time Ucturing 

 oa medicine. In 17il* he resigned tke lectureship on anatomy to hut 

 auu, from whom it descended to his grandson; but he retained his 

 clinical lectureship till within a short period of his de .th ill 1707. 

 Ho was a Fellow of tke Koyal Society of London, nn 1 a uieuiber of 

 the Uoyal Academy of Surgery iu Paris ; and it is chiefly to bis talent* 

 a* a lecturer that tk* Medical School of Edinburgh first owed the 

 celebrity which it has since maintained. 



Tke greater part of Dr. Monro's writings ore contained in the 

 Transactions of diffcreat scientific societies, especially iu those pub- 

 lished by a Society of which he was the founder, uu.l.-r thu titles of 

 ' Medical Essay* and Observations,' and ' Essays Physical and Literary.' 

 Th* work by wkick he is chiefly kuowu is his ' Osteology,' which was 

 first published in 1720, and which ho* been tinea reprinted in a gnat 



