v i m u: NVY. 



MONTROSK, MARQUIS OK. 



hb fcinnn till 1814. when another "northern storm " apun came 

 to di-lurb ib rood peuplo of Milan. Monti wa* DOW prowing ol.l, 

 ,!_ eesMtoB**) lo political vieisaitud**. be bowed to UM new con- 

 ana*. IVinc reqMted by th. *utburiti* to writ- K.mething for 

 the imperial dyoaety of Austria, be co.t.plied, and >ang UM praises of 

 tbe "just and wciflc (totertnumit of Franci., 11 in two short dramatic 

 pieces : oo* in May 1815, on th* occasion of the Archduke John of 

 Austria receiving the oatb of the Lombard suthorities ; another in 

 J.ouary 1816, on the occasion of the visit of tbe emperor himself to 

 Milsii 11 pension waa continued to him by tbe Austrian govern- 

 ment, and be remained at Milan. After the marriage of his only 

 dauxlt-r ub Count Pertioari of Pesaro, both father and aon in -law 

 *og i in a pbilologieal work, entitled Proposta di alcune correzioni 

 ed agjiunu al Diuonario drlla Cruse*,' bich became tbe signal of a 

 per war betwreo tbe Tuacan and tbe Lombard literati, r ratbrr 

 bete-n tbe u tra* of both partira, the Crtuca and tbe Anti Cruaca, 

 MooU lYopoets ' U valuable, not only a* a lupplement to tbe 

 Italian Dictionary, but u a atore of erudition : it contains several 

 dirquuitious or essays upon question* connected with philology and 



Monti wa* a olaaticiit, and, ai such, waged war against tbe " Roman- 

 tjci," a* they are called, or that school of writer* who bare undertaken 

 to modernise tbe literature of Italy. In one of Monti'* later effusions, 

 ' Bermoue tulla Mitolugia,' we find condensed, in elegant verse, Monti's 

 M*J concerning poetical composition. He exclaim* againit the 

 -northern- school," that baa "decreed the death of all the god* of 

 Olympus." Monti plead*, in short, for mythology and clsssicism like 

 HI able advocate in a weak cause. Monti may be considered a* tbe 

 laat of a list of writer* who form the connecting link between the old 

 and modern literature of Italy, lie waa the contemporary of Al fieri, 

 Parini, Pindnnoute, Fosoolo, and, in the latter part of hi* career, of 

 ManzonL With three hi* name will go down to posterity fur his 

 portico! genius, his feeling of beauty, and the fluency and harmony of 

 hi* TCTM, whatever may be thought of the versatility of principle which 

 bit poetry ba* embalmed. 



Monti died at Milan, in October 1828. Hia works were collected 

 and published at Bologna, in 8 vols. 12uio, 182S; and another edition 

 of hi* choice work*, including come imdited ones, wa* published in 

 5 vola. 8vo, Milan, 1SS2. 



MONTMORESCY, the name of an old and illustrious French 

 family, au called from the little town of the same name situated a few 

 mile* north of St. Denis, near 1'aris. The oldest of this family on 

 record is Bouchard de Montuiorency, who lived about 950, and was 

 one of tbe great feudal lords of bis time. He married Uildogarde, 

 daughter of Thitaud, count of Chartre* and Bloia. HU sou 

 Bouchard II. wa* one of tbe principal lord* of the court of King 

 Hubert about tbe year 1000. Matthew I., lord of Montmorency, was 

 high cuui-Uble of Krance under Louis tbe Young ; he married Aline, a 

 natural daughter of Henry L of England, and died in 1060. Ilia 

 grandson Matthew 1L of U outuiureucy was the friend of Louis VIII., 

 sD'l tbe chi>-f tupport of hi* government, and of that of Queen 

 Blanche, during the minority of Loui* IX. The lord of Montuiorency 

 ranked as first baron of France, and wa* styled First Baron of 

 Christendom. Tbe family afterward* becima divided into several 

 branch, one of which, though not tbe eldest, obtained tbe ducal 

 title from Henri 11. of Frauce in 1551. Tbe first who bore thu title 

 of duke was Anno de Montmorency, marshal and high constable of 

 Krance, who distinguished hiuielf in tbe wan of Francis L, waa iu 

 gre-l favour with hi* tucceasor Henri 1 I , but after hii death wa* set 

 aside by Catherine de' Medici mnd tbe Quiies, was recalled to couit in 

 1660, fought againit tba CalviuisU, was mortally wounded at the 

 battle of Si. Denis in November 1567, and died three days after at his 

 house in Paris, at seventy-four years of age. He was a bravo but 

 larodoo* warrior, wa* toUlly illiterate, and yet, through his natural 

 talent ai d th *xi-*ri*nce of a long life, be ws an able statesman and 

 counsellor. His grandson Henri II. duke of Mouiiuoreucy, marshal 

 of France, fought with distinction under Loui* XIII., but being dis- 

 aatiaftrd with Kieheliru, he conspired and revolted in Languedoo in 

 favour of tbe Duke of Orleans. He was seiaed, tried, and beheaded 

 at Toulouse in October 1632. Th* house of Moutmoreucy continues 

 to this day in severs! of it* braucbr*. namely, the princes of Mont- 

 mon-ncy, tbe duke* of Laval Moutu-oreucy, and the Monttuoreucy 

 dukre of I uiembourg. 



MONTU'IUSULI, FRA OIOVASN' ANOELO, a celebrated Italian 

 eulptor, was born in 1507, or about tb* beginning of the 16th 

 eeotury, at Mootonoli, near Florence, on tbe road to Bologna, a villa 

 belonging to hi* father Michel* d'Angelo da i'og^bonti. Ho wa* 

 ftrrt inetruoUd by Andrea da Fit-sole, with whom be lived three year*. 

 Afi>r UM death of hi* father be found employment at Rome, at 

 Perugia, and ai Volterra. wh*re he aasiited in tb* making th* monu- 

 ment to Rafla- Uo Msffti. lie wa* next employed by Michel Angelo 

 in tbe church of San Lon nao at Florence, and gained the admiration 

 an i Ia*t4og frieodebip of tbe great Florentine. In l.'.a? Moutorsoli 

 had a strong disposition to torn as it appear- d to him to the only lifo 

 in which |-eaor *>as to be obtained . but afu-r trying in vain *evei*l 

 convent*, be ci-d. in 1630, upon Uie brotberbol of the Nunxiata at 

 Fbrcxwe, and became a friar of tbe order dci KServi dills .NuuruU. 

 SbortJy after U bad taken up hi* abode in Uu* convent, having been 



recommended to tb* pope by Miohrl Angelo, he wa* called to Rome 

 by Clement VII. to restore several ancient monument*, much to the 

 dissatisfaction of hi* brothers of the Nuuziata. Moutorsoli restored 

 tbe Laocoon, to whioh he mad* the right arm, and he made the left 

 arm of tbe Apollo, and executed other reiterations. When these and 

 a statue of the pope were finished, he returned to Florence with 

 Mirlivl Angela to complete the ststue* and other sculptures of the 

 sacristy and library of San Lorenzo, of which bis best is 'San Cosimo.' 

 After the death of Clement. Montorsoli again joined Michel Angelo at 

 Rome, and assisted him in tbe works of tbe monument of Julius IL ; 

 but while engaged on this work he was invited by Cardinal Turnone, 

 and advised by Michel Antce'.o, to go with the cardinal to Paris, to 

 Francis L, who oommisioned him to make four great tatu. s, but 

 owing to difficulties with the treasury and sen-ants of the court in 

 Francis's absence, Montorsoli left Paris and returned to Florence 

 without executing these works. After completing several goo<1 work* 

 in Florence and it* neighbourhood, he went by Roma to Naples, and 

 there constructed tbe tomb of Jaoupo Sanazzaro. He next finished 

 at Oeuoa the statue of Andrea Dona which was commenced by liaccio 

 Uandinelli, and ornamented tbe church of San Matteo there with 

 many works. Upon the completion of these works he returned to 

 Michel Angelo at Rome, but departed again soon afterwards, in 1547, 

 for Messina, where he was employed to make a grand fountain for the 

 place in front of the cathedral. The nucce-aful completion of this 

 great work induced the Messinese to commission Montorsoli to erect 

 another fountain in the front of the Dogana (Custom-house), close to 

 the sea. He designed also at Medina the church of San Lorenzo, a 

 lighthouse, aqueduct*, and many other considerable works in archi- 

 tecture and in sculpture. But in 1557, by a decree of Pop 1'aul IV., 

 all religious persons, or all who hail taken holy ordera and were living 

 at large in the world without resprct to their religious character, were 

 ordered to return to their convents and reassumu their n-ligiuus habits; 

 and Montorsoli was accordingly obliged to leave many works unfinished, 

 which he intrusted to his pupil Martina, and he returned to his con- 

 vent at Florence. He was however shortly afterwards called to 

 Bologna to construct there the high altar of tba church of his own 

 order Dei Servi, which he completed with great magnificence iu 

 twenty-eight months. He returned to Florence in 1561, and being 

 rich he built a common sepulchre for artists in the chapter-house of 

 the convent of thu Nunziuta, with the requisite endowment for 

 regular masse* at appointed times, and gave the whole sepulclm-, 

 chaptrr, and chapel, to the then almost decayed society of St. Luke, 

 or company of painter*, tc., which upon the completion of tbe 

 B-pulchre, was at a solemn feast celebrated by forty-eight of thu 

 principal artist* of Florence, re-established by the conaeut and autho- 

 rity of the Duke Cosmo I. upon a firmer and permanent basix 

 the society still subsists as the Academy of Florence, though 

 that time it has been considerably enriched and endowed by suc- 

 cessive dukes of Tuscany. Montorsoli died, says Vasori, on thu lost 

 day of August 1563, aged fifty-six. 



MONTROSE, JAMES GRAHAM, MARQUIS OF, born iu the 

 year 1612, was descended from one of the most ancient families in 

 Scotland. His grandfather, John, third earl of Moutrosu, was somo 

 time lord high chancellor of Scotland, and afterwards appointed vice- 

 roy of the kingdom 'supreuius regni Scotia; procurator' for life ; 

 and be succeeded his father, John, fourth earl of Montrose, in 

 being then just fourteen yean of age. Tbe following year he won 

 served heir to his fattier in bis several estates iu tbe counties of Dum- 

 barton, Forfar, Liulithgow, Perth, and Stirling. He married soon 

 after, and then went on foreign travel till about 1633, when, at the 

 age of twenty-one, be returned to Scotland, with the reputation of 

 being one of the moat accomplished gentlemen of his time. Ha 

 was probably present at the coronation of King Charles I., which 

 took place in the above year, though he does not appear to have 

 immediately taken any prominent part iu the quarrel of which that 

 splendid coremoninl w.is the couimeuivineut. 



He toon join, d tbe popular party however in opposing tbe canons 

 ami otner arbitrary innovations of the court on the established religion 

 of the country ; and on the 15th November 1637, when the celebrated 

 Tables were made up, that is to say, committees fur managing the 

 popular cause, his name wai added to the table of the nobility, to the 

 gro.it dismay of the bishops, who, according to Uuthiie, " thought it 

 time to prepare tor a storm when he engaged." He was indeed the 

 most ardent and zealous of his party, displaying at times a heat and 

 enthusiasm which set form and gravity at utter defiance. Such was 

 his behaviour on occasion of the king's proclamation approving of 

 the ' Service Book.' Uu that occasion Montroee stooJ for some time 

 beside Johnston, while the latter was reading a protestation iu name 

 of the Table*, but at length, that he might see the whole crowd, he 

 got up on th* end of a puncheon, which made hi* friend the earl of 

 Rotbes say, " James, you will never be at re-t till you are fuirly lifted 

 up above your fallows ;" a remark uttered in mere jest, but recorded 

 with great solemnity by U onion of btr .loch, who adds that the pro- 

 phecy wa* 'accomplished iu earnest in that same place, and somo 

 even ssy that the same supporters of the scaffxld on which it occurre^ 

 were made u of at Moutrose's execution." Iu the preparation of tho 

 National Covenant, which was projected by the Table*, Moutroao 

 was also a leading actor ; and in swearing and imposing it ou iiidi- 



