noon; TOWARD. 



MOORE SIR JOHN. 



M 



up to the d'ettoct* n of the Orrcian empire. Part II. comprises the 

 IIUej of Ine Boise ce among UM Arab*, Persians, Jew*, Indiana, 

 Cniexs*. and other oriental nation*. Part III. contains the I'istory of 

 IheBtiencee among the Latin* and the Western nations up to the 

 enajiiisansinaiil of the 17th century. Thee* three part* form the first 

 rnlneie Part IV, forming UM eeaond volume, and comprehending 

 UM History of the Science* during the 17th century, U divided into 

 tee book*, nam.ly, 1, Progne* of Geometry, a* treated after the 

 MMr of UM Ancients ; 2, Prugree* of Analytical Geometry ; 3, 

 Progress of Mechanic* about the middle of the 17th century; 4, 

 Prognas of Optics about the middle of the 17th century ; 5, Progress 

 of Astronomy during the 17th century ; 6, Rise and Progress of the 

 Differential and Integral Calculus in the Utter part of the 1 7th century ; 

 7, Profnee of Mechanic* during the same period ; 8, Progress of Optics 

 during the same period ; 9, Progress of Astronomy during the same 

 period. The remaining two volume* form the fifth part. It comprises 

 the History of the Sciences during the greater part of the 18th century, 

 and is likewise divided into nine book*, namely, 1, Geometry and 

 Analysis; 2. Optics; 3, Analytical Mechanic*: 4, Practical Mechanics 

 and Machine*; 6. Plane Astronomy; 6, Physical Astronomy; 7, 

 Astronomical Tables, Instruments, Observatories, 4c., and Judicial 

 Aftrology ; 8, Progress of Navigation, a* regards the Construction 

 and Management of Vessels; 9, Progreu of Navigation, a* regards tho 

 Piloting of a Vessel and the Determination of its Geographical Position. 

 The work conclude* with a series of supplement* on the Capstan ; on 

 the History of Geography; on that of the Quadrature of the Circle; 

 on the History of Music; a Defence of the Philosophers of Antiquity ; 

 Notice concerning the Calculus of Derivations by Arbogast; and a 

 abort notice of the Life of Montucla. 



A* a whole, it contains treatises upon almost every branch of the pure 

 and applied sciences, and abounds with interesting details concerning 

 the various discoveries and improvement* which have contributed to 

 their progreca. Bonnycastle, speaking of Montucla, in his preface to 

 the tran-lation of Bossut's ' History of the Mathematics,' justly remarks : 

 ' If he be not so profound a* some other writers, he is frequently 

 lea* obscure, and may often be consulted with advantage upon point* 

 where the original writers would be nearly unintelligible to common 

 readers ; in abort, there is perhaps no work which is capable of affording 

 more pleasure and instruction to those who propose to devote them- 

 elves to those studies, or which is likely to create a more earnest 

 desire to prosecute them." On the other hand it may be said that the 

 subjects treated of do not succeed each other in so elementary and 

 natural an order as might be wished, and that the language is sometimes 

 excessively diffuse, and burthened with much repetition. 



MOuliK, EDSVARD, a writer of tome dramatic and poetical reputa- 

 tion, was born in 1712, and bred to the business of a linen-draper, 

 which be followed for some time in London, until he deserted it for 

 the pursuit of literature. He married a lady named Hamilton, of a 

 strong poetical vein, who was supposed to aaaiat him in his writings. 

 His tint metrical work was ' Fable* for tho Female Sex,' which, though 

 in humour and elegance far inferior to thote of Gay, have numbered 

 him, by their pleasing versification and well pointed morals, among 

 the happiest imitators of that writer. The** fable* were succeeded 

 by ' The Trial of Seam the Persian,' an ingenious complimentary 

 elusion on Lord Lyttelton, in return for some favourable notice from 

 that nobleman. Moore'* dramatic pieces were two unsuccessful 

 eomrdiee, ' The Foundling* and 'Gil Bias;' and a tragedy, 'The 

 Gamester,' which, without any striking touoht* of genius, still retains 

 it* place on the stage, and it* hold on the feeling*, by a natural and 

 aflccting exhibition of domestic misery. The last literary under- 

 taking in which Moore became engaged, was the editorship of ' The 

 World,' a miscellaneous weekly paper, to which Lord* Lyttelton and 

 Chesterfield, Horace Walpole, and other dUtinguished person* of the 

 day contributed. The series closed with the death of Moore, which 

 oecumd in 1767. 



MOOKK, DR. JOHN, M.D., better known a* a miscellaneous writer 

 than a physician, was the son of a minister of tho Scotch Church, and 

 wse boru at Stirling . in the year 1729. In his youth, after having 

 etndied in the University of Glasgow, he serve 1 for a time a* a nmlical 

 U the British army in Flanders, in 1747-48, and subsequently 

 surgeon to the houeehold of the Karl of Albemarle, English 

 ador at the court of Versailles. Having passed some year* 

 abroad in ti.ee* stations, he returned to Scotland, and entering into 

 partoenbip a* a surgeon, settled at Glargow, from whence, after 

 taking hi* degree a* physician, he was induced, in the year 1772, 

 aMoeapeny the young duk* of Han " 



young duke of Hamilton to tb* continent, in the joint 

 capacity of medical attendant and travelling tutor. With hi* charge 

 be spent five years in visiting tome of the most interesting part* of 

 KurofM, and returning bone in 1778, and establishing himself in 

 London, be gavs the reanlt of hi* observation* of foreign countries to 

 UM world in two lively work*, under the title of ' A View of Society 

 and Manner* in France, .Switzerland, and Germany,' and ' in Italy.' 

 The*-, hi* first literary production*, war* followed by a volume of 

 ' M*dwal Sketches,' and by ' Zeluoo,' the ablest and most popular of 

 Us novel*, in which be ha* powerfully portrayed the dreadful effect* 

 of indulgence upon a disposition naturally (elfish and cruel Hi* suc- 

 ceeding works, A Journal of a Kraideuce in France during the Revo- 

 lution of I7M,' 'A View of the Causes and Progree* of the French 



(evolution,' 'Edward,' a novel, ' Mordaunt, or Sketch** of Life, 

 Character, and Manner* in various Countries,' and an edition of 

 -MI li'-tt's works, with a memoir of the author, had upon the whole 

 uffrior m. riL His personal character is said to have been adorned 

 with many estimable and pleasing qualities ; the knowledge of the 

 world which he had acquired in foreign travel, caused bis society to 

 be much courted ; and bis conversation, aided by a countenance full 

 of expression, was distinguished by the same tone of moral sentiment, 

 a* well as by the mine ahrewdnes* of remark and caustic humour, 

 which appear in his writings. He died at Richmond, near London, 

 In 1802. 



A complete edition of Dr. Moore's work*, in seven volumes, with 

 an apparently accurate Memoir of bis Life, by Robert Anderson, M.D., 

 was published in Edinburgh in 1820. 



MOORE, SIR JOHN, a lieutenant-general and kni-l.t of the bath, 

 one of the most distinguished British officers of modern times, was 

 the eldest son of Dr. John Moore, the author of ' Zeluco.' Ho was 

 born at Glasgow in 1761, and received his first commission iu the 

 army at the age of fifteen year*. The arUtocratic connections formed 

 by Lis father secured his rapid advancement; and before he found 

 the earliest occasion of proving his personal merit, he had already been 

 some years a lieutenant-colonel, and had also sat in parliament for the 

 Lanark district of burghs. It was in the descent of the British 

 troops upon Corsica, in 1794, in concert with the patriotic Paoli, that 

 Moore first distinguished himself; and in subsequent service', iu tliu 

 West Indies in 1790, in Ireland during the rebellion of 1798, an.l in 

 the disastrous expedition to Holland in the following year, in w In u 

 he received two severe wound*, he fully established for himself the 

 reputation of an officer of the highest promise. A more aus) 

 duty now awaited him; and in the expedition to Kgypt in 1801, with 

 the rank of major-general, he commanded the reserve of the army, 

 and highly distinguished himself at its head. For his services in this 

 campaign, in which he was again wounded, he was deservedly created 

 a knight of the bath. 



On the recommencement of hostilities, after the short peace of 1802, 

 Moore was usefully employed, by his own de-ire, iu a onrnp of instruc- 

 tion on the Kentish coast, in training his own and severnl 

 regiments as light infantry; and these troops, of which the renowned 

 light division of the Duke of Wellington's army iu the Peninsular War 

 was afterwards composed, gave by their achievements the best proof 

 of the value of the system on which they had been instructed in the 

 school of Moore, The freedom and simplicity of movement, which he 

 had substituted for some of the pedantries of th German tactics, 

 were found as desirable and as well calculated for the general service 

 of the infantry as for light troops alone ; and the.-e improvement* have 

 accordingly been incorporated into the existing regulations for the 

 exerciser of the British army. 



From the business of tactical instruction Moore was called to more 

 active service ; and after being for some time employ, d in the occupa- 

 tion of Sicily, he was cent, in May 1808, at the head of a body of about 

 10,000 men, to Sweden, with a view of aiding the gallant but unreason- 

 able sovereign of that country. Uustavus Adolpbus IV., in the defence 

 of bu dominion* against the designs of Napoleon I. Ou this arduous 

 mission, he became involved in a serious dispute with the eccentric 

 king, from which he, not without some difficulty, extrieiUd hn.i-.h' 

 and his troop* ; and he returned with them to England at that crisU 

 in the war against France, which opened to tha British arms a new 

 field of action iu the Spanish Peninsula; a field destined to witness his 

 calamitous struggle and victorious fall, and to immortalise at ouoa hii 

 misfortunes and his glory. 



Muoro landed in Portugal, iu August 180S, too late to share iu tho 

 battle of Vimiero; but after the expulsion of the French from that 

 kingdom, and the recal of the British generals who had negotiated the 

 Convention of Cintra, he was appointed to the command of the army 

 which, to the number of 6000 cavalry and 80,000 infantry. \\,n 

 intended to co-operate with the Spanish forces in the north uf tho 

 Peninsula, against tho French invaders. Of this auxiliary army part 

 wag to arrive direct from England under Sir David Baird, and to land 

 at Corunn, while the greater proportion, composed of troop* already 

 in P. rtugal, was to be led by Moore himself to the ac. no of operations. 

 He accordingly began his march from Lisbon in October IS us ; but he 

 bad scarcely entered 8,iain before the defeat and destruction i.f the 

 Spanish armies at all point* on their northern line, utterly extinguished 

 the prospect of a successful campaign. On a false report that thu 

 direct northern road through Almeida, by which bis infantry ha 1 

 advanced, was impaasable for artillery, he had imprudently beou 

 induced to send his cavalry and guns, under Sir John Hope, by a 

 circuitous southern route through Badajoa; to the north, a long tiuut 

 of country still divided him from the troops which had lauded under 

 Baird at Coruna; and with forces thus widely disjointed, he found 

 himself exposed to the assault* of victorious and rapidly advancing 

 French armies of immense numerical superiority. In this critical 

 position be remained for some time inactive at Salamanca, urged by 

 bis own desponding views of the contest to retreat into Portugal, and 

 goaded by the (anguine temper of the British ambassador in Spain, 

 Mr. Frere, to advance, with assurances that his presence might y t 

 preserve Madrid from falling into the hands of the enemy. The sur- 

 render of that capital toon dispelled 10 much of the ambassador's 



