V"- 



MOS1C3. 





fenerally norived appears to bo that there wero two of the name : an 

 Idler called Muechopulu* of Crete, or the OrammariaD; aud a 

 r wbo U called hi* nephew. The elder probably lived under 

 l VIII Pabcologo*, about 1 270. Some writer* hare spoken of 



a third Moh u pulu*. 



*** Qrw>k 



. , 



the 15lh ctJiturr; but thi* fact doe* not aeem well established, and 

 w* ma* perha| attribute all the worki extant under the name of 

 Haeobopolu* to tie uncle and nephew aboTe mentioned. 

 ABOB Uieae world are : ' Erotemnto, or Grammatical Questions,' 



Uieae world are : ' Erotemnto, o 



.1640; ' A Collection of AUicisui*;' 'On Grammatical Exercise; 1 

 A New Kpitome of Grammar;' 



'On the Construction of Nouns ami 



VrU;' 'On Prosody;' 'Scholia on Hesiod anil Pindar,' Ac. Tit.v 

 published at Leiptig and Prague, in 1823, -Manueli* Moschopuli 

 Creteui* Opuacula Graiuuistica,' 8ro, which contains several pieces 

 attributed to Moeobopulus which were never before printed. See also 

 Baohmann'i 'Anecdote,' vol. ii. 



MOSCHUS, a native of Syracuse, aud a pastoral poet, probably 

 lived in th- third century Lefore Chrit, and was the friend, and some 

 a*y the disciple, of Biou of Smyrna, whose death he deplores in pathetic 

 trains in one of his compositions, entitled the ' Epitaph of I'.ion.' We 

 know nothing more of Mooch us. There remain of his compositions 

 four Idylls and a few other small pieces. The Idylls are characterised 



Eat elegance aud delicacy, but are perhaps somewhat too highly 

 sd and overloaded with ornament The Idyll entitled ' Cupid 

 ,.,y u a lively little composition. The Idylls of Moscbua wero 

 published, together with those of Dion, at Bruges in 1S65; and the 

 Idylls of Moechu* and I'.ion have since been usually printed together. 

 There have been other editions of Moschus : one of the best is by 

 Hanao, 1784 and 1S07. Bion and Hosohushave been inserted iu most 

 edition* of Theocritus, and are also in the collections of Bruuck, 

 Oaiaford, and Boissonade. Moachus has been translated into most 

 modern language*. 



MOSER, GEORGE MICHAEL, IUA., a gold chaser and enameller, 

 tho fint keeper of the Koyal Academy of Arts in Lomlon, was born 

 at Schaffhauaen in Switzerland, in 1704. He came young to London, 

 and was first employed as a chaser iu gold and also of brass for tho 

 ornaments of cabinet-work, in which he obtained a great reputation. 

 He was alo an excellent me.iallist and a good painter in enamel, 

 but be did not carry his works in this respect much beyond enamels 

 for watchcaaes, in one of which he painted, for the king, George III., 

 portrait* of the Prince of Wales, and the Bishop of Osnaburg. Moser's 

 chief service* were u keeper of the Royal Academy, who by virtue 

 of his office is principal teacher of the students : the superintendence 

 of and the instruction in the antique academy are the principal duties 

 of the keeper. Before the foundation of the Itoyal Academy in 1 768, 

 Moaer was for many years treasurer and manager of the private 

 academy in St Martin's Lane. He died in the beginning of 1763, and 

 Sir Joshua Reynold* wrote an eulogium upon him, which is printed 

 in Malone's ' Life of Sir Joshua.' As a chaser in gold, says Sir Joshua, 

 Moser wss the first in his profession ; nd ho had a universal know- 

 ledge in all brunches of painting and sculpture. " He may truly be 

 aw," he continue!, "in every sense to have been the father of the 

 {tot race of artist*." Hogarth, Rysbrack, Roubillioc, Wills, Ellis, 

 and Vaudcrbauk, were Mover's early companion*, all of whom he 

 outlived. 



MART MOSER, hi* only daughter, was a very distinguished flower 

 painter, and is the only lady, beside* Angelica Hauffmao, who has ever 

 been elected an Academician: she became afterwards Mrs. Lloyd. 

 Mary Moner decorated an entire room with flower* at Frogmoro for 

 Queen Charlotte, for which *he received 900/. : the room was called 

 Mi** Moser's room. After her marriage she practised only a* an 

 amateur : she died at an advanced age in 1819. When West was re- 

 in-tated in the chair of president of the Koyal Academy, in 1803, 

 there was one voice for Mrs. Uoyd, and when Fuseli w;i taxed with 

 having given it, he said, aay* Kuowles, bis biographer, " Well, suppose 

 1 did ; (he is eligible to the office ; and U not one old woman as good 

 a* another t " West and Kuseli were ill according spirits. 



MOSES (nto, MKIT), M<ri),), the lawgiver of the Hebrew people, 

 was an Israelite of the tribe of Levi, and the son of Ami-am and 

 Jochebed (Exod. ii. 1 ; vi. 20). He was* born in Egypt, iu the year 

 1J71 B.C,, according to the common chronology. To evade the edict 

 of Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, that all the male children of the 

 Hebrew* should be killed (Exod. i. 22), ho was hid by hi* mother 

 three month*, and then (loosed in an ark of rushes on the bank* H 

 the Mile. Her* the child was found by Pharaoh's daughter, who 

 adopted him for her eon, entrusting him to hi* own mother to nurse, 

 by which circumstance he was preserved from being entirely sepa 

 rated from hi* own people. He was probably educated at the Egyp- 

 tian court, where he became "learned in all the wisdom of the 

 Egyptian*." (Exod. ii MO; Act* vii. 20-1-2; Hob. xl. 23.) At the 

 age of forty years Mo*e* conceived the idea of freeing his Hebrew 

 brethren from their bondage in Egypt, and oil one occasion, lociiif 

 an Egyptian (probably some officer) maltreating an Israelite, h inter 

 fered, alew the Egyptian, and )>urj. .1 him in the mini. The next day 

 upon hi* attempting to reconcile two Hebrew* who bad quarrelled, hi. 

 SSUJBU* wen scornfully rejected, and he was upbraided with tho 

 murder of Uie Egyptian. Finding that hi* secret was known, he Bet 

 from I :vpt, aud took refuge with a tribe of MMiai ito* in Arabia 



Petnoa, among whom he lived a* a shepherd forty yean, h 

 married the daughter of their priest Jethro or ReueL (.Exod. it 1 1-J- : 

 Act* vii. 23-30 ; Heb. xi. 24-27.) 



A* Mow* fed his father-in-law's flock* in the desert of Sinn 

 appeared to bun at Mount lloreb in a bush which burnt with lir , but 

 wa* not consumed an emblem of the state of the Israelite* and 

 commanded him to return to Egypt aud lead out his people thence 

 into the land of Canaan. His elder brother Aaron wa* joii.e 1 with 

 Moses iu thi* mission, aud the power of working certain miracle* wa* 

 conferred upon him. On hi* arrival in Egypt, the laraclitea accepted 

 him a* their deliverer, and after bringing ten miraculous pi 

 upon the land of Egypt before he could gain Pharoali's consent i 



eparture of the people, he led them out through tho lied Sea, . 



vas miraculously divided.for their passage, into the peninsula of Siiiui. 



Exod. iii., xv.) While the people were encamped at the foot of 

 jiuai, God delivered to them through Moses, the law which. 



ome additions and alterations, was ever after observed as their national 



ode. (Exod. xx.) After leading the Israelites through the v. 



ie* for forty year*, Moses appointed Joshua as his successor in the 



.ommaud over them, and died at the age of 120 year*-, on Mount 



'isgah, on the east side of the river Jordan, having first been per- 

 mitted to view the land of Canaan from its summit. God buried him 



u the valley of Bethpeor in the land of Moab, but hi* tomb wa* never 

 made known. (Deut. xxxiv. ; Jude v. 9.) 

 The following points in the history of Moses require further 



xplanation. 



1. The name of Mose* (rrato) was given him by the Eg\ 

 princess, " because," she said, " I drew him out (wrtfo, from nco, Iu 

 draw out) of the water." (Exod. iu 10.) Now, under the ciivnm 

 stances of the case, the name is much more likely to be Egyptian 

 .ban Hebrew, and its real derivation is probably that given by 

 lablonsky ('Opuscula, 1 i. 152-57), from the Coptic 'Mo,' 'water,' 



and 'Oudsche,' 'saved.' This is confirmed by the form Mmwty, 

 which is always used in the Septuagint, and by the testimony of 

 Josephus (' Antiq.,' ii. 9, 6) and Philo (' De Vita Mosie," ii. 83). 



2. The gap left by the Scripture narrative in the early history of 

 Moses has been filled up by Josephus, Philo, and other writers, with 

 various legends, some of them highly improbable, of which an outline 

 s given in Milman's ' History of the Jews," vol. L, p. 61, &c. 



3. The miracles of Moses have been made the subject of much dis- 

 cussion, and many divines of the Rationalist school Lave attempted 

 x> explain them as an advantage cleverly taken of natural phenomena, 

 or as ingenious jugglery. Even if it were admitted that most of the 

 ten plagues were visitations to which Egypt was subject, they would 

 still retain aU the essential characters of miracles in their increased 

 extent and the unusual time of their occurrence, in the exemption 

 of the Israelites in Goshen from most of them, and in their immediate 

 cessation at the prayer of Moses. The imitation of the first three 

 plagues by the Egyptian magicians has generally been ascribe.l by 

 Jewish aud some ancient Christian writers to diabolical agency, and 

 soiuo modern writers have considered that it can be satisfactorily 

 accounted for by the known skill of the Egyptian priests in l.y 

 main. But assuredly their inability to imitate the Inter plagues, when 

 they confessed, "This is the finger of God" (ExoJ. viii. IS, 19), is a 

 much stronger argument for the miraculous character of these vi-it i- 

 tions, than their imitation of the earlier one* is against it. Several 

 writers have shown how greatly the sufferings of the Egyptians from 

 these plagues were aggravated by their physical circumstances and 

 religious opinions. (Bryant's ' Observations upon the Plague* inflicted 

 on the Egyptians ; ' Rosenmuller's 'Scholia,' Exod. vii., &c. ; Milmaa'l 

 'History of the Jews,' vol. i., p. 68, Ac.) Other difficulties connected 

 with this part of the life of -Moses are mentioned in Winer's ' Bib! i 

 Realworterbucb,' voL ii., p. 133-139. Inspecting the king of Egypt in 

 whose reign Moses led out the Israelites, and the destruction of the 

 Egyptians iu the Red Sea, *ee Wilkinson's ' Manners and Customs of 

 the Ancient Egyptians,' voL i., c. 2, p. 54. The part which Moses 

 took as a leader of tho Israelites is stated in the Scripture recor. 1 to 

 have been owing to the direct command of God (Exod. iii.), aud the 

 law* which be gave them are asserted to have emanated from God 

 himself. (Exod. xx. 1, 22, *c.) The truth of these fact*, or, as 

 theologians express it, of the ' Divine Legation of Mosex,' depends 

 chiefly on the authority of the books ascribed to Moses. 



The le'jiilation of Uoia. The chief authority for tho following 

 account of the Mosaic legislation is tho ' Mosaischea Recht ' of 

 MiobaeUs. The references are to the English translation of that work 

 by Dr. Alexander Smith. 



The Law i* hud down in the book* of Exodus, Leviticus, and 

 Number*, and repeated with modifications in the book of Deuteronomy, 

 but in neither case in any systematic order. (Exod. xx.-xiiii., xxv.- 

 xxxi., xxxiv., xxxv. ; Levit. i.-viii., xL-xxv., xxvii. ; Numb, v.-x., xviii., 

 xix., xxvil-xxx. ; Deut. iv. 4c.) 



The Mosaic laws must be viewed throughout as enacted for a 

 in the peculiar situation of having been chosen by 

 Jehovah out of the nations to preserve tho knowledge and worship of 

 tho true God, and to exhibit in their history the providential <1. 

 i with his people. 



The whole Uw rested on two fundamental principle/, on -.-. ;f wi.ich 

 was religious, aud the other partly religious aud partly political. 



