MURRAY, JOflK. 



MURRAY, LttfPLKY. 



and at IV* Mint time how he wn thnuc-ht occasionally tn iinw 

 rrri' in UM cause of the Reformation were manifest and iinport^nt, 

 y*t UM Lord Jauie* wa Dot nil that the reformer* wished ; hi 

 nHfioo* wsl w not hot enough ; and they fomented the protection 

 he .ffonled to the queen in her UM of the man. Rut they were not 

 prepared to find him now extending his protection to her and her 

 {die* tn what Knox calU " the superfluities of their clothes," which 

 he Mid wonld bring down the vengeance of Qod " not only on the 

 foolish women but on the whole realm." Knox imputed Hurray's 

 conduct on thli occation to a selfish fear of offending the queen, lest 

 he h..oKl repent of her munifioenee and refuse to confirm her grant 

 of the new earldom ; and denouncing ouch motives in strong terms, 

 accused him of sacrificing truth to convenience, and the service of 

 Ood to the interest* of hi a-ubition. Murray was so incensed at thin 

 attack that fur a Tear and a half Knox and he scarcely exchanged 

 word* together. The queen's marriage with Darnley seems to have 

 been among the first things to bring them together again, as it was 

 also the first step in the subsequent estrangement between Murray 

 and the queen. To this marriage Murray, Knox, and Elizabeth, and 

 their respective followers, were all opposed. Knox and the reformers 

 wen opposed to it on religious grounds; and it was opposed by 

 Murray and Elizabeth partly on the same grounds, but partly also on 

 pen-on 1 or political consideration*. Murray was not accessory bow- 

 ever to Darnley 's murder ; he is stated however to have known of it, 

 bat to have raid, as he did not wish to meddle with the business, he 

 would neither aid nor hinder it Accordingly, he left Edinburgh 

 abruptly on the morning of Sunday, the 9th of February 1567, the 

 last day of Darnley's life, alleging his wife's illness at St. Andrews 

 as the cause of his departure; and we do not hear of him in Edin- 

 burgh again till about a fortnight after all was over, when ho had 

 Bothwrll (the perpetrator of the horrid deed) and Uuntley, Argyle 

 and Lethington, all parlies to it, at dinner at bis house. Nor did 

 Murray r main in Edinburgh so as to be present at Bothwell's trial, 

 for in the beginning of April he asked leave to go away to the Conti- 

 nent, but on what grounds is not known ; and on the 9th, which was 

 jtut two day* before the trial, ho set off, visiting London and the court 

 of Elizabeth on his way. He remained abroad till the end of July, 

 returning only a few days after tlio coronation of the young Prince 

 James. He wa* therefore absent from the parliament which was held 

 immediately after Bothwell's acquittal, and from the famous supper at 

 Ainnlle'a, when the principal nobility signed the bond acquitting 

 liothwell of all concern to Darnley 's murder, and engaging to support 

 him in obtaining Mary's band iu marriage; and he was thus also 

 absent during the important occurrences attendant on the queen's 

 marriage with Bothwcll. He was not ignorant of all that was going 

 on: Cecil too was in constant communication with him; and soon 

 after the queen's surrender of herself to " the prince's lords " at 

 CI|K rry Hill, he sent an accredited agent into Scotland to attend to 

 hi* interest*. He was at length proposed as regent of the kingdom. 

 Before agreeing however, he resolved to vUH Mary hi person ; and 

 accordingly repaired to Locbleven Castle, where she was now a 

 prisoner. When Mary saw her brother she burst into tears, and they 

 had afterward* a private conference together, the particulars of which 

 are not fully known, but it is said that Mary was frequently bathed in 

 ton with hi* upbraiding*. 



On the 22nd of August 1567 he wa* proclaimed regent ; and with 

 his usual vigour he immediately proc-eded to establish himself in the 

 government He now held the situation even against the queen her- 

 self; for when, having made her e*cape from Lochlcven, she called on 

 him to roign the regency, he at once refused, and took the field 

 against her at Languid^, where she sustained a complete defeat. Nor 

 did bU determination end here ; for being summoned by Elizabeth to 

 bear testimony in the trial which had been instituted by that queen 

 gainst Mary, be immediately repaired to the appointed place, and did 

 not hesitate in bearing wltneai against the unhappy prisoner. His 

 own fate however wa* settled before that of his tisUr ; for while 

 paving through the streets of l.iulitbgow, on th 23rd of January 

 li"", be wa* shot through the body by a bullet fired from a window 

 by Jmr Hamilton of Uothwelhaogh, nephew to the Archbishop of 

 8U Andrews, In revenge for some personal injury committed by the 

 rgnt yrs brfore. Murray survived till midnight, when he died, in 



nty--ighth year of bU age. 



MORRAT, JOHN, publisher, wa* born November 27, 1778. Hi* 

 father, originally an officer of Marine*, whose name was MacMurrsy, 

 purchased (17S) the bu.inets of Paul Sandby, 32, KleeHtreet John 

 Murray WM educated at several schools at the High School of I-Min- 

 Lurch, at KtoaingUm, at Dr. lUirney's at Uosport, where hi lot the 

 light of an ej by the accident of the writing-master's penknife 

 running into it, and finally at Loughborough House, Kennington. At 

 the age of fifteen be loit hi* father, a great luUfortune, as it left him 

 without control and direction ; hi* mother married again, and hi* 

 guardian* neglected him. He bail commenced business as a medical 

 booM,IIer, in |rtnrnhip with Mr. HixbUy, but having dissolved the 

 partcenhip in 1S03, h noon devoted bis attention to a wider field of 

 literary Im.ineM. Th ion of an old friitxl and neighbour, I >r. Rcnnell, 

 Matter of tb Toaplt, Mr. Stratford Canning, with some other youths 

 t Eton, bad commenced a periodical called 'The Miniature,' which 

 brought them some fame, but left them under loss. Mr. Murray, 



with a good-nature which always dintin-uifhM him, and with some- 

 thing of that tact which enabled him, in bin subsequent career, to 

 seiio upon occasions of cultivating powerful friends, on hearing of 

 their situation took the copies off their hands, paid their expense*, 

 and, though he found little deninnd fr the work, offered to print a 

 new edition. Through the friends thus made, he became known to 

 Mr. Canning. In September 1807, he wrote to that gentleman opening 

 to him the plan of the 'Quarterly Review,' as a means of counter- 

 acting the political influence of the 'Edinburgh.' While maturing 

 bis project the most important undertaking of his life it chanced 

 that a severe criticism on Scott's ' Marmion ' (condemning the author 

 for writing for money) appeared in the ' Edinburgh Review.' Mr. 

 Murray instntly started for Scotland, was introduced to Scott at 

 Ashiestiel, in September 1803, found in him a warm supporter of his 

 intended review, and with Scott's co-operation and that of hi; friends, 

 the Hebers, George Ellis, Canning, Barrow, and Mr. Qifford, th>- editor, 

 the publication commenced iu 1S09, and- soon attained the circulation 

 of 12,000 copies. 



The closest alliance of business and friendship Ions subsisted between 

 Mr. Hurray, and Mr. Constable of Edinburgh, and the Ballantrnes ; 

 but he early perceived the result of the reckless mode of business to 

 which they had resorted, and foregoing the great advantages of the 

 connection, after repeated and strong warnings and remonstrances, he 

 separated from them. He published however ' The Tale* of My Land- 

 lord," and had no difficulty in discovering the real author of ' Waverley,' 

 nor did he ever entertain any doubts on the subject. In 1810 he sought 

 and made the acquaintance of Lord Byron, giving 600L for the first 

 two cantos of ' Childe Harold," which had been refused by another 

 publisher. In 1812 he removed to Albemarle-street, where, increasing 

 the number of his friends and literary connections, he soon surround' d 

 himself with a circle of distinguished literary characters. In tlie 

 afternoon might be found in his drawing-room, Scott, Byron, Campbell, 

 Wm. Spencer, R. Heber, Gilford, D'Israeli, Mr. Ward (Lord Dudley), 

 Canning, Hallatn, Crokcr, Barrow, Madame de Stac'l ; and, a few years 

 later, Crabbo, Southey, Belzoni, Woshiugton Irving, Lockhart, and 

 many more. 



His acquaintance with Byron extended over a period of more than 

 ten years, and the poet's correspondence with him ia printed in 

 Moore's ' Life of Byron,' where will be found more than one proof of 

 his liberal mind. Having heard in 1815 that Lord Byron was iu 

 pecuniary difficulties, he sent him a draft for 15001., promising another 

 for the same amount in the course of a few months, and offering to 

 sell the copyright of Byron's works for his use, if that were not suffi- 

 cient. He abandoned the publication of Lord Byron's Autobiography, 

 at a considerable sacrifice, because it was thought that parts of it 

 might hurt the feelings of the living, and not do credit to the dead. 

 [MooRE, TUOMAS.] Soon after Mr. Murray commenced printing a 

 series of cheap works in ports, consisting of ' Modern Voyages,' the 

 publication of which was delayed by circumstances; a specimen 

 however given by him to Captain Basil Hall was taken to Edinburgh, 

 and suggested to Constable the notion of his ' Miscellany.' In 1826, 

 trusting to others more sanguine than himself, and allowing his own 

 good judgment, perhaps, to be misled by partiality for the projector, 

 he commenced ' The Representative," a daily newspaper almost the 

 sole undertaking of his life which proved a failure. Among bin valuable 

 and successful publications were the expeditions of Mungo 1'ark, 

 Belzoni, Parry, Franklin, Denham, and CLtppcrton the ' Kumily 

 Library,' begun April 1829 the 'Domestic Cookery," of which nearly 

 300,000 copies have been gold, the fortunate title having been suggested 

 by himself Markham'^ ' Histories' the 'Sketch Book' and ' Death- 

 bed Scenes." The last three works, originally published by others, 

 proved failures until Mr. Murray, perceiving tbeir merits, took them 

 into his own hand*. Further particulars redounding to bis credit as a 

 liberal-minded man of business and a gentleman, will be found in 

 the Lives of Byron, Scott, and Crabbe, and especially in his modest 

 ' Answer to the Calumnies of Captain Mcdwin,' appended to Byrou'i 

 works, 



Mr. Murray was an excellent man of business; and, when he really 

 applied, could get through more work than most men. No one bettor 

 understood how to measure the calibre of an author's genius, or tho 

 extent of his popularity, and few could be more skilful in timing a 

 publication, so a* to secure its favourable reception. His eminent 

 merit that which distinguishes him above the majority of his clas 

 wu that he dealt with the commercial department of literature in a 

 spirit far above that of the mere dealer and chapman. He was dUtin- 

 guished too, by hi* careful avoidance of the low arts of puffing ; he 

 published, for tho most part, books of worth, and his imprint alone 

 gave a recommendation to a book which raised it above thu neces-it/ 

 of advertising quackery. Mr. Murray continued to take an active 

 share in his business until within a short time of his death. Although 

 his health had been in a precarious state for some months preceding 

 it, no danger was apprehended until two or three days before this 

 occurred. He died Juno 27, 1843. Mr. Murray married in 1807 tho 

 daughter of Mr. Charles Elliot, bookseller, of Edinburgh, by whom ho 

 left one son, tho present Mr. John Murray, who continues his business, 

 anil three daughters. 



MURRAY, LINDLEY, was born in 1745, at Swetara, near Lancas- 

 ter, Pennsylvania, North America, His parents belonged to the 



